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Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Jun 2021We conducted a systematic review to characterize the incidence rate of herpes zoster (HZ) in the general population, specifically in individuals ≥50 years of age. A...
We conducted a systematic review to characterize the incidence rate of herpes zoster (HZ) in the general population, specifically in individuals ≥50 years of age. A total of 69 publications were included in the review. We found a cumulative incidence of HZ ranging from 2.9-19.5 cases per 1,000 population and an incidence rate of HZ ranging from 5.23-10.9 cases per 1,000 person-years. The cumulative incidence (3.22-11.2 versus 2.44-8.0 cases per 1,000 population) and incidence rates (6.05-12.8 versus 4.30-8.5 cases per 1,000 person-years) were higher in females than males. Studies revealed a trend of increasing incidence of HZ with increasing age and over time. Variations in incidence estimates can be attributed to the various study designs, case ascertainments, age distributions of the population and year of the study. HZ is associated with a substantial disease burden and is expected to increase due to population aging.
Topics: Age Distribution; Cost of Illness; Female; Herpes Zoster; Herpes Zoster Vaccine; Herpesvirus 3, Human; Humans; Incidence; Male
PubMed: 33651654
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1847582 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Mar 2021Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the most important causes of death worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of C. pneumoniae, H. pylori,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The global prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex virus in patients with coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the most important causes of death worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of C. pneumoniae, H. pylori, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes simplex virus (HSV) in CAD patients based on published serological and molecular studies.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases (1996-2019). Both molecular and serological studies were analyzed using STATA software (Version 14).
RESULTS
145 studies were included for final analysis. We gathered and investigated the prevalence of C. pneumoniae (25.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 21.5-28.8%]), H. pylori (12.8% [(95% CI) 4.0-22.0%]), CMV (64.4% [(95% CI) 57.7-73.0%]) and HSV (31.8% [(95% CI) 21.5-42.2%]) in CAD patients from the analysis of molecular studies. Additionally, in serological studies, the prevalence of mentioned pathogens were 72.7% [(95% CI) 67.8-77.6%], 63.3% [(95% CI) 60.0-66.5%], 62.2% [(95% CI) 58.0-66.3%] and 34.3% [(95% CI) 23.6-45.1%] respectively.
CONCLUSION
Interestingly, there was only a significant increase in the prevalence of C. pneumoniae and H. pylori in serological studies compared to the reported data from molecular studies, while the prevalence of CMV and HSV were the same in both types of studies.
Topics: Chlamydophila pneumoniae; Coronary Artery Disease; Cytomegalovirus; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Prevalence; Simplexvirus
PubMed: 33166619
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104572 -
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Jun 2022This study characterized the epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
This study characterized the epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
METHODS
Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines were followed to systematically review, synthesize, and report HSV-2-related data up to January 21, 2021. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were performed.
RESULTS
In Canada, pooled mean seroprevalence was 10.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.8-12.4%) among general populations, 44.5% (95% CI, 20.0-70.5%) among sexually transmitted infection clinic attendees and symptomatic populations, and 60.7% (95% CI, 49.8-71.1%) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals and individuals in HIV-discordant couples. In Australia and New Zealand, combined, pooled mean seroprevalence was 15.4% (95% CI, 9.6-22.2%) among general populations, 27.8% (95% CI, 12.0-47.2%) among men who have sex with men, and 37.2% (95% CI, 23.7-51.8%) among sexually transmitted infection clinic attendees and symptomatic populations. Men had 0.64-fold (95% CI, 0.47-0.86) lower seroprevalence compared with women. No evidence was found for a decline in seroprevalence over time. Pooled mean proportion of HSV-2 isolation in laboratory-confirmed genital herpes was 62.1% (95% CI, 53.8-70.1%) in Canada and 71.9% (95% CI, 64.2-78.9%) in Australia and New Zealand. Proportion of HSV-2 isolation in genital herpes declined by 0.98-fold (95% CI, 0.97-0.99) per year. Pooled mean proportion of HSV-2 isolation in genital ulcer disease was 17.4% (95% CI, 4.0-37.1%) in these countries.
CONCLUSIONS
Over 10% of adults in these countries are infected, with no evidence for declining seroprevalence, unlike other global regions. Over 60% of genital herpes cases are caused by HSV-2 in these countries, yet HSV-2's role is declining by 2% per year.
Topics: Adult; Female; HIV Seropositivity; Herpes Genitalis; Herpes Simplex; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; New Zealand; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Ulcer; Urogenital Diseases
PubMed: 35608096
DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001612 -
Reviews in Medical Virology Jul 2024Stroke is a common worldwide cause of death and disability, resulting from an obstruction or reduction in blood flow to the brain. Research has demonstrated that... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Stroke is a common worldwide cause of death and disability, resulting from an obstruction or reduction in blood flow to the brain. Research has demonstrated that systemic infection such as herpes zoster (HZ) / ophthalmicus herpes zoster (HZO) can potentially trigger stroke. This study includes an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiologic data on the connection between HZ/HZO infection and the risk of stroke. A meticulous search of different database yielded 905 studies. Furthermore, an additional 14 studies from a previous meta-analysis were incorporated. Eligible studies underwent rigorous screening, resulting in 18 papers. Statistical analyses, including random/fixed effects models and subgroup analyses, were conducted to assess pooled relative risk (RR) and heterogeneity. The meta-analysis consisted of 5,505,885 participants and found a statistically significant association between HZ infection and the risk of stroke (pooled RR = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-1.34). The HZO infection showed a significantly higher overall pooled RR of 1.71 (95% CI 1.06-2.75), indicating a strong connection with the risk of stroke. Subgroup analysis revealed that the odds ratio might play a significant role in causing heterogeneity. Time since infection emerged as a crucial factor, with heightened stroke risk in the initial year post-HZ/HZO exposure, followed by a decline after the first year. Asian/Non-Asian studies demonstrated varied results in HZ/HZO patients. Meta-analysis reveals a significant HZ/HZO-stroke link. Subgroups highlight varied risks and warrant extended Asian/non-Asian patient investigation.
Topics: Humans; Stroke; Herpes Zoster; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Herpesvirus 3, Human
PubMed: 38853706
DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2556 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Sep 2019The "exogenous boosting hypothesis" postulates that reexposure to circulating varicella zoster virus (VZV) over the life span inhibits reactivation of VZV. Consequently,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The "exogenous boosting hypothesis" postulates that reexposure to circulating varicella zoster virus (VZV) over the life span inhibits reactivation of VZV. Consequently, if circulation of VZV is suppressed by introduction of chickenpox vaccination, incidences of herpes zoster may rise.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review and metaanalysis on impact of chickenpox vaccination on herpes zoster incidence and time trend, focusing on population-level effects by analyzing interrupted time-series (ITS) studies. We searched Medline and Embase for ITS reporting incidences of chickenpox and herpes zoster before and after implementation of chickenpox vaccination. Autoregressive integrated moving average models were calculated. Change in trend and incidence from studies were pooled.
RESULTS
Twelve studies were included, of which 6 were eligible for metaanalysis. Metaanalysis revealed a significant increase in chickenpox cases prior to implementation of chickenpox vaccination and a reversed trend thereafter, particularly in individuals aged 1-4 years. The increase in age-adjusted herpes zoster incidence before implementation of chickenpox vaccination did not change thereafter. However, separate analysis of age groups revealed a net increase of hospitalized herpes zoster cases in individuals aged 10-49 years after implementation of chickenpox vaccination. This very small effect (fewer than 2 additional cases per 100 000 persons) did not occur in other age groups.
CONCLUSIONS
To date, no conclusive evidence exists that chickenpox vaccination has a substantial population-level impact on herpes zoster in nonvaccinated age groups. While exogenous boosting may exist, the effect size generated by chickenpox vaccination might be rather small on the population level.
Topics: Chickenpox; Chickenpox Vaccine; Herpes Zoster; Herpesvirus 3, Human; Humans; Incidence; Interrupted Time Series Analysis; Risk; Vaccination
PubMed: 30590491
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy1099 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Dec 2022This systematic review describes herpes zoster (HZ) economic burden in terms of healthcare resource use and cost outcomes in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This systematic review describes herpes zoster (HZ) economic burden in terms of healthcare resource use and cost outcomes in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region. We searched online databases from 1 January 2000 to 20 February 2020 to identify eligible publications. We identified 23 publications that reported direct costs, indirect costs, and resources associated with HZ and its complications. The primary direct medical resources reported in the different studies were visits to doctors, transportation, days in the hospital, nursing, medication schedules, and physical therapy. Direct total costs per patient ranged from $99.99 to $4177.91. The highest cost was found in Brazil. Direct costs are, in average, 81.39% higher than indirect costs. The cost per patient that includes postherpetic neuralgia treatment is 115% higher on average for the directs and 73% for the indirect costs. Brazil reported a higher total cost per patient than Argentina and Mexico, while for indirect costs per patient, Brazil and Argentina had higher costs than Mexico, respectively. A meta-analysis on the number of days due to HZ hospitalization, performed on non-immunosuppressed patients over 65 years of age from three studies, resulted in a cumulative measure of 4.5 days of hospitalization. In the LAC region, the economic burden of HZ and associated complications is high, particularly among high-risk populations and older age groups. Preventative strategies such as vaccination could help avoid or reduce the HZ-associated disease economic burden in the LAC region.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Infant, Newborn; Latin America; Financial Stress; Herpes Zoster; Herpesvirus 3, Human; Neuralgia, Postherpetic
PubMed: 36519226
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2131167 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Apr 2022Apitherapy is a branch of traditional medicine that uses bee products to manage numerous diseases. In this context, the antiherpetic effect of these bee products has... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Apitherapy is a branch of traditional medicine that uses bee products to manage numerous diseases. In this context, the antiherpetic effect of these bee products has been demonstrated in some studies with some controversial results.
AIM OF THE STUDY
Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness of honey and propolis with acyclovir, the reference drug, in the treatment of cold sores and genital herpes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The selection of eligible studies was conducted through the search in Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and Electronic Scientific Library.
RESULTS
The search yielded 147 articles, of which nine were considered eligible for analysis. The analysis of these studies showed that the healing property of propolis is superior to that obtained for acyclovir (95% CI: 2.70 to 8.25; p = 0.0001). Furthermore, honey also presented a better healing effect than acyclovir against Herpes simplex virus-induced wounds (95% CI: 3.58 to -0.19; p = 0.03), inducing complete re-epithelization of herpetic lesions after 8 days, while for acyclovir, the healing time average was 9 days. It also provoked a similar reduction of pain caused by herpetic compared to acyclovir (95% CI: 2.27 to -0.42; p = 0.18).
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, these results confirm the use of honey and propolis as potent antiherpetic agents.
Topics: Acyclovir; Antiviral Agents; Herpes Simplex; Honey; Humans; Propolis; Simplexvirus
PubMed: 34965458
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114939 -
Microbial Pathogenesis May 2021Globally, hepatitis B and schistosomiasis (Mansoni) together affect about 300 million people; which cause hepatic disorders worldwide. Given that little is known about... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Globally, hepatitis B and schistosomiasis (Mansoni) together affect about 300 million people; which cause hepatic disorders worldwide. Given that little is known about co-infections with hepatitis B and schistosoma mansoni, the present study investigates these two health problems alone and together and their possible correlation.
METHODS
A search was conducted for reports published between January 1990 and October 2020 by using Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science databases; Out of a total of 20 studies, 14 cross-sectional studies (6329 people) and 6 case-control studies (2138 individual) were reviewed. The pooled prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), S.mansoni infections, and their co-infections; heterogeneity and the Odds Ratio (OR) were evaluated by Stata 11.2.
FINDINGS
Among the included studies in the inclusion criteria, the pooled prevalence of hepatitis B, S. mansoni was 34% (95% CI, 0.23-0.46), 41% (95% CI, 0.24-0.59) and their co-infections was 18% (95% CI, 0.11-0.25) by regions. The hepatitis B and S. mansoni correlation was significant in populations with schistosoma compared to control group (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.36-3.30).
COMMENTARY
Our results showed that in addition to the high global prevalence of hepatitis B- S. mansoni (co) infections in the included studies, there is a significant association between them, especially in people suffering from schistosoma. These results highlight the importance of integrated interventions measurements against coexistence of parasitic and viral diseases. We know that more research studies need to be done in this field and global monitoring should be considered for the co-infection of these two important complications.
Topics: Animals; Coinfection; Cross-Sectional Studies; Herpesvirus 1, Cercopithecine; Humans; Liver; Prevalence; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis mansoni
PubMed: 33744336
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104828 -
Journal of Medical Virology Mar 2023Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is a prevalent, sexually transmitted infection with poorly characterized prevalence in the Middle East and North Africa...
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is a prevalent, sexually transmitted infection with poorly characterized prevalence in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This study characterized HSV-2 epidemiology in MENA. HSV-2 reports were systematically reviewed as guided by the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook and findings were reported following PRISMA guidelines. Random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions were performed to estimate pooled mean outcome measures and to assess predictors of HSV-2 antibody prevalence (seroprevalence), trends in seroprevalence, and between-study heterogeneity. In total, sixty-one overall (133 stratified) HSV-2 seroprevalence measures and two overall (four stratified) proportion measures of HSV-2 detection in laboratory-confirmed genital herpes were extracted from 37 relevant publications. Pooled mean seroprevalence was 5.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.6%-6.8%) among general populations, 13.3% (95% CI: 8.6%-18.7%) among intermediate-risk populations, 20.6% (95% CI: 5.3%-42.3%) among female sex workers, and 18.3% (95% CI: 3.9%-39.4%) among male sex workers. Compared to Fertile Crescent countries, seroprevalence was 3.39-fold (95% CI: 1.86-6.20) and 3.90-fold (95% CI: 1.78-8.57) higher in Maghreb and Horn of Africa countries, respectively. Compared to studies published before 2010, seroprevalence was 1.73-fold (95% CI: 1.00-2.99) higher in studies published after 2015. Pooled mean proportion of HSV-2 detection in genital herpes was 73.8% (95% CI: 42.2%-95.9%). In conclusion, MENA has a lower HSV-2 seroprevalence than other world regions. Yet, 1 in 20 adults is chronically infected, despite conservative prevailing sexual norms. Seroprevalence may also be increasing, unlike other world regions. Findings support the need for expansion of surveillance and monitoring of HSV-2 infection in MENA.
Topics: Adult; Male; Humans; Female; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Herpes Genitalis; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Sex Workers; Herpes Simplex; Middle East; Africa, Northern
PubMed: 36815489
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28603 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Apr 2022Genital herpes, caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or type 2, is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI). Given that HSV is an incurable infection,...
Diagnosis and Management of Genital Herpes: Key Questions and Review of the Evidence for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines.
Genital herpes, caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or type 2, is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI). Given that HSV is an incurable infection, there are important concerns about appropriate use of diagnostic tools, management of infection, prevention of transmission to sexual partners, and appropriate counseling. In preparation for updating the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) STI treatment guidelines, key questions for management of genital herpes infection were developed with a panel of experts. To answer these questions, a systematic literature review was performed, with tables of evidence including articles that would change guidance assembled. These data were used to inform recommendations in the 2021 CDC STI treatment guidelines.
Topics: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; Counseling; Female; Herpes Genitalis; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Humans; Male; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; United States
PubMed: 35416970
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab1056