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Brain Imaging and Behavior Oct 2023Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric illness with a wide range of symptoms such as mood decline, loss of interest, and feelings of guilt and... (Review)
Review
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric illness with a wide range of symptoms such as mood decline, loss of interest, and feelings of guilt and worthlessness. Women develop depression more often than men, and the diagnostic criteria for depression mainly rely on female patients' symptoms. By contrast, male depression usually manifests as anger attacks, aggression, substance use, and risk-taking behaviors. Various studies have focused on the neuroimaging findings in psychiatric disorders for a better understanding of their underlying mechanisms. With this review, we aimed to summarize the existing literature on the neuroimaging findings in depression, separated by male and female subjects. A search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies of depression. After screening the search results, 15 MRI, 12 fMRI, and 4 DTI studies were included. Sex differences were mainly reflected in the following regions: 1) total brain, hippocampus, amygdala, habenula, anterior cingulate cortex, and corpus callosum volumes, 2) frontal and temporal gyri functions, along with functions of the caudate nucleus and prefrontal cortex, and 3) frontal fasciculi and frontal projections of corpus callosum microstructural alterations. Our review faces limitations such as small sample sizes and heterogeneity in populations and modalities. But in conclusion, it reflects the possible roles of sex-based hormonal and social factors in the depression pathophysiology.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Depression; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Sex Characteristics; Brain; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 37058182
DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00772-8 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Aug 2022Short sleep duration has been linked to higher levels of aggression. To synthetize all available research on this association, a systematic review and meta-analysis was... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Short sleep duration has been linked to higher levels of aggression. To synthetize all available research on this association, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. We included observational and experimental studies, using various measures of sleep duration and aggression. Eighty eligible papers were identified, describing 82 studies comprising a total number of 76.761 participants. Meta-analysis of results was possible for 60 studies. Pooled observational results on the association between sleep duration and aggression showed a correlation estimate of -0.16 (95%CI -0.19, -0.12; I = 83.9%) and an odds ratio estimate of 1.83 (95%CI 1.47, 2.28; I = 0.0%). For experimental studies, the pooled Standardized Mean Difference after manipulation of sleep duration was -0.37 (95%CI -0.80, 0.05; I = 89.05%) for controlled designs and -0.34 (95%CI -0.54, -0.14; I = 89.05%) for pre-post designs. Effect estimates were stronger for individuals with psychological vulnerabilities and younger persons. Exclusion of studies with low methodological quality strengthened the effect estimate in experimental but not in observational studies. To conclude, short sleep duration is associated with higher levels of aggression, with observational research strongly supporting the association and experimental studies providing mixed results. More well-designed prospective and experimental studies are needed to establish causality and optimize treatment, especially for individuals with psychological vulnerabilities.
Topics: Aggression; Humans; Prospective Studies; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Time Factors
PubMed: 36064210
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101661 -
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Perceived Injustice and Depression.The Journal of Pain Jun 2021Perceived injustice is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for problematic recovery, with a growing body of evidence documenting its association with heightened... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Perceived injustice is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for problematic recovery, with a growing body of evidence documenting its association with heightened pain, disability, medication use, anger and post-traumatic stress. The aim of this paper was to systematically review and critically appraise the association between perceived injustice and depressive symptomatology across a wide range of medical and mental health populations, including acute and chronic pain samples. A search of published, English language studies in the PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases from 1990 to June 2020 was performed. Thirty-three studies met inclusion criteria with a total sample of 5,425 individuals (61% female), primarily with acute injury or chronic pain. Results indicated a moderate to strong positive association between perceived injustice and depressive symptomatology (meta-analysis pooled effect of r = .57, 95% confidence interval [.55, .58], P< .001). A narrative synthesis of regression models indicated standardized beta coefficients between .19 and .66, with perceived injustice consistently contributing significant unique variance to the prediction of depression in final regression equations. Selection bias and response bias were common limitations in the studies. The clinical implications of an association between injustice and depression in acute and chronic pain are discussed. PROSPERO: CRD42019143465. PERSPECTIVE: This review demonstrates that in acute injury and chronic pain samples, perceived injustice is associated with depression. These findings could help clinicians in the field of pain and rehabilitation identify who may be at greater risk for a problematic recovery trajectory.
Topics: Depression; Humans; Social Justice; Social Perception
PubMed: 33465504
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2020.12.009 -
Behaviour Research and Therapy Aug 2023Aggression and anger are associated with interpretation and attention biases. Such biases have become treatment targets for anger and aggressive behavior in cognitive... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Aggression and anger are associated with interpretation and attention biases. Such biases have become treatment targets for anger and aggressive behavior in cognitive bias modification (CBM) interventions. Several studies have evaluated the efficacy of CBM for the treatment of anger and aggressive behavior, with inconsistent results. The present study meta-analytically analyzed 29 randomized controlled trial studies (N = 2334) published in EBSCOhost and PubMed between March 2013 and March 2023 assessing the efficacy of CBM for anger and/or aggression. Included studies delivered CBMs that addressed either attention biases, interpretation biases, or both. Risk of publication bias and potential moderating effects of several participant-, treatment- and study-related factors were assessed. CBM significantly outperformed control conditions in the treatment of aggression (Hedge's G = -0.23, 95% CI [-0.35, -0.11], p < .001) and anger (Hedge's G = -0.18, 95% CI [-0.28, -0.07], p = .001) independent of treatment dose, participant demographic characteristics, and study quality, though overall effects were small. Follow-up analyses demonstrated that only CBMs targeting interpretation bias were efficacious for aggression outcomes, but not when baseline aggression was accounted for. Findings suggest that CBM demonstrates efficacy for the treatment aggressive behavior and to a lesser extent, anger.
Topics: Humans; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Aggression; Anger; Cognition; Bias
PubMed: 37307657
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104344 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2022Misophonia is a scarcely known disorder. This systematic review (1) offers a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the literature since 2001, (2) identifies the most... (Review)
Review
Misophonia is a scarcely known disorder. This systematic review (1) offers a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the literature since 2001, (2) identifies the most relevant aspects but also controversies, (3) identifies the theoretical and methodological approaches, and (4) highlights the outstanding advances until May 2022 as well as aspects that remain unknown and deserve future research efforts. Misophonia is characterized by strong physiological, emotional, and behavioral reactions to auditory, visual, and/or kinesthetic stimuli of different nature regardless of their physical characteristics. These misophonic responses include anger, general discomfort, disgust, anxiety, and avoidance and escape behaviors, and decrease the quality of life of the people with the disorder and their relatives. There is no consensus on the diagnostic criteria yet. High comorbidity between misophonia and other psychiatric and auditory disorders is reported. Importantly, the confusion with other disorders contributes to its underdiagnosis. In recent years, assessment systems with good psychometric properties have increased considerably, as have treatment proposals. Although misophonia is not yet included in international classification systems, it is an emerging field of growing scientific and clinical interest.
Topics: Anger; Anxiety Disorders; Emotions; Humans; Hyperacusis; Quality of Life
PubMed: 35682372
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116790 -
International Journal of Cardiology Sep 2022Multiple studies have shown that mental disorders are common risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the relationship between psychological factors and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Multiple studies have shown that mental disorders are common risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the relationship between psychological factors and atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence remains unclear. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the risk of AF due to psychological factors.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to January 2022. Relevant and eligible cohort studies were included. Random or fixed effect model was used to estimate the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For non-randomized studies, the risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).
RESULTS
Thirteen publications, including 5,329,908 participants, met our inclusion criteria. The incidence of AF was increased by 10% (HR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.19, I = 33.6%, P = 0.013, n = 235,599 in 6 studies) for patients with anxiety, by 15% (HR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.26, I = 40.2%, P = 0.04, n = 21,791 in 3 studies) for patients with anger, by 25% (HR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.39, I = 57.4%, P < 0.001, n = 5,160,247 in 6 studies) for patients with depression, and by 18% (HR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.32, I = 19.2%, P = 0.004, n = 51,664 in 4 studies) for people under work stress.
CONCLUSIONS
Adverse psychological factors such as anxiety, anger, depression, and work stress may increase the risk of AF. Interventions to prevent mental disorders may reduce the growing global burden of AF and its associated healthcare costs. Given the current study's limitations, our findings need to be further confirmed by a larger prospective study.
Topics: Anxiety; Atrial Fibrillation; Humans; Incidence; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35618103
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.05.048 -
Reproductive Health Feb 2022Eating disorders (EDs) are common conditions that mainly affect women of reproductive age and have a major impact on fertility. Our systematic review focuses on the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Eating disorders (EDs) are common conditions that mainly affect women of reproductive age and have a major impact on fertility. Our systematic review focuses on the prevalence of EDs in patients in the process of assisted reproductive technique (ART) and describes the phenotypes of EDs identified.
METHODS
Our systematic review is based on the PRISMA criteria. Articles were collected using the Medline/Pubmed, Web Of Science and Cochrane databases. The articles chosen had to mention the prevalence of ED in infertile patients undergoing ART and be cohort or case-control studies assessing the prevalence of ED during fertility treatment.
MAIN FINDINGS
Fifteen articles were included in this review. The prevalence of active ED varied between 0.13 and 44% depending on the types considered in each study. The main phenotypes described were EDNOS (eating disorder not otherwise specified) and binge eating disorders (BED) occurring in women with a normal body mass index (BMI) and a history of ED. Mainly subthreshold forms with cognitive distortions were described.
CONCLUSION
This review highlights a 6 times higher prevalence of EDs in infertile patients undergoing fertility treatment compared to regular pregnant women. However, diagnosing these conditions is complex. As a result, it is essential that professionals in contact with this population are alert to symptoms consistent with these conditions in order to refer them to specialized psychiatric care.
Topics: Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Humans; Phenotype; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prevalence; Reproduction
PubMed: 35130918
DOI: 10.1186/s12978-022-01341-w -
Psychological Trauma : Theory,... Mar 2024Anger is one of the most prevalent concerns among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and is often a residual symptom following PTSD treatment. The...
OBJECTIVE
Anger is one of the most prevalent concerns among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and is often a residual symptom following PTSD treatment. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine how effective trauma-focused PTSD psychotherapies are in reducing anger.
METHOD
The study was reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. This study conducted a systematic review of studies that reported the effect of trauma-focused treatments on anger outcomes. Additionally, a meta-analysis was conducted with a subset of studies that used randomized controlled trials (RCTs) methodologies to compare trauma-focused PTSD treatments to nontrauma-focused and control conditions.
RESULTS
The systematic review included 16 studies with a total of 1,846 participants. In 11 of the studies, there was a significant decrease in an anger dimension following treatment. Eight studies with 417 total participants met inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis yielded a pooled effect size of PTSD treatment on anger of Hedges's = 0.33.
CONCLUSION
Overall, trauma-focused treatments for PTSD significantly improve anger, but the magnitude of change is small-to-medium. Additional research is needed to determine how best to maximize anger outcomes following trauma-focused treatment or determine if and when targeted anger treatment is needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
PubMed: 38546592
DOI: 10.1037/tra0001697 -
Journal of Safety Research Jun 2021The purpose of this review was to identify the most influential personality predictors of speeding. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this review was to identify the most influential personality predictors of speeding.
METHOD
Thus, this study analyzed the associations of Anger-Aggression and Impulsive-Sensation Seeking with Speeding. Research studies included in online databases and papers identified in previous reviews were considered for inclusion.
RESULTS
Using a random effects model, we found a small but significant effect for the relation between Anger-Aggression and Speeding (r = 0.12 [0.06-0.18],Z = 3.85,p < 0.001). We identified a significantly stronger effect for the relation between Impulsive-Sensation Seeking and Speeding, but still of low magnitude (r = 0.23 [0.16-0.29],Z = 6.54,p < 0.001). Moderator analysis revealed only one significant moderator: driver type. Namely, for professional drivers, the relation with Speeding was non-significant for both predictors (r = -0.004, p = 0.958 for Impulsive-Sensation Seeking and r = 0.02, p = 0.720 for Anger-Aggression, respectively) and significantly smaller than the associations for general population and young drivers.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, our results confirm Speeding's associations with both hypothesized most important predictors, but at a low magnitude.
Topics: Adult; Aggression; Anger; Automobile Driving; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Male; Personality; Risk-Taking; Sensation
PubMed: 34092331
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2021.02.004 -
The British Journal of Clinical... Jun 2022Rumination is a cognitive process that has been implicated in the onset and maintenance of a variety of psychological difficulties. The purpose of this review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Rumination is a cognitive process that has been implicated in the onset and maintenance of a variety of psychological difficulties. The purpose of this review and meta-analysis was to examine the nature and strength of the relationship between rumination and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI).
METHODS
The protocol for this review was pre-registered (CRD42019148186). A literature search of electronic databases PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Web of Science was performed from the earliest date available to March 2020. Thirty-nine eligible papers were identified. An additional seven papers were identified from a search conducted in September 2021, resulting in a total of 46 papers. Separate meta-analyses were undertaken for NSSI frequency and NSSI history, with studies grouped by rumination type (depressive, transdiagnostic, anger, brooding, reflection, catastrophising, overall). Moderator analyses were also conducted along with a narrative synthesis of adjusted associations and longitudinal studies.
RESULTS
Rumination had a positive small association with NSSI frequency and a positive moderate association with NSSI history. The adjusted associations yielded mixed findings and most longitudinal research found rumination to be associated with prospective NSSI.
LIMITATIONS
Most included studies had a moderate risk of bias and used a student sample. A limitation of this review was that only English language papers were included.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings indicate that rumination is associated with NSSI, but more so the likelihood of engaging in NSSI overall than the frequency. Rumination-focused techniques for NSSI may therefore be of benefit. Further research is needed to understand this association, particularly with longitudinal studies that focus on state rumination rather than stable trait rumination.
PRACTITIONER POINTS
Rumination was found to have a small to moderate association with NSSI. Some individuals who engage in NSSI may benefit from psychological techniques that target rumination. Most of the studies included had a moderate risk of bias.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Self-Injurious Behavior; Students
PubMed: 34806214
DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12350