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Behaviour Research and Therapy Jul 2022Dysregulated anger, and its common behavioral urge, aggression, pose substantial costs to public health and society. Though some studies have shown DBT to be efficacious... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Dysregulated anger, and its common behavioral urge, aggression, pose substantial costs to public health and society. Though some studies have shown DBT to be efficacious in treating aggression and anger dyscontrol, the overall effects of DBT on these outcomes are unknown. To address this limitation, a systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted on 34 studies (N = 2536) published in PsycINFO and PubMed between January 1994 and February 2022 assessing the effect of DBT on anger and/or aggression. Included studies were empirical research articles published in a peer-reviewed journal and assessed the delivery of DBT on quantitative outcome measures of anger or aggression. Included studies delivered the standard outpatient DBT program or DBT adapted for the population and treatment setting, though all studies included the core components of DBT. Risk of publication bias was assessed. Results demonstrated that DBT significantly reduced anger (Hedge's G = -0.21, 95% CI [-0.32, -0.11]) independent of study design and participant variables, though longer treatment duration was associated with greater reductions in anger. There was also a non-significant trend for DBT in reducing aggression (Hedge's G = -0.10, 95% CI [-0.21, 0.00]). Findings from this study suggest that DBT demonstrates efficacy in reducing dysregulated anger transdiagnostically.
Topics: Aggression; Anger; Behavior Therapy; Borderline Personality Disorder; Dialectical Behavior Therapy; Humans; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35609374
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104122 -
Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the... Oct 2020To understand the psychosocial experience of children and identify their primary support needs following a type 1 diabetes diagnosis. (Review)
Review
AIM
To understand the psychosocial experience of children and identify their primary support needs following a type 1 diabetes diagnosis.
METHODS
A systematic review and narrative synthesis of the literature in this area was conducted.
RESULTS
A total of 32 studies were included in the review. At diagnosis, the majority of children experienced high distress, including grief, anxiety, anger, irritation and injection anxiety. The intensity of this reaction decreased rapidly over the following weeks. At diagnosis, rates of depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress disorders and suicidal ideation were elevated. The initial reaction tended to peak shortly after diagnosis and declined over the following year. Thereafter, symptoms of depression and anxiety appeared to increase once again, corresponding with the children's experience of diabetes management and implications as being more difficult and upsetting. Injection anxiety, distress and depressive symptoms persisted for a smaller group of children.
CONCLUSION
The initial high prevalence of depressive symptoms following diagnosis is transitional and should be regarded as a normal adaptive response. To facilitate this adaptive process, specific child-centred support should be prioritized as an integrated part of early diabetes care. Our findings point to five inter-related support needs following a type 1 diabetes diagnosis: (1) children need time to adjust to the diagnosis; (2) children need supportive relationships; (3) children need an opportunity for meaningful participation and appropriate protection; (4) children need to engage and explore; and (5) children need to feel supported, but not different.
Topics: Adolescent; Anger; Anxiety; Child; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Grief; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Injections, Subcutaneous; Insulin; Irritable Mood; Needs Assessment; Psychological Distress; Stress, Psychological; Suicidal Ideation
PubMed: 32619028
DOI: 10.1111/dme.14354 -
Health Science Reports May 2022The effect of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on the mental health status of dentists has been studied in various studies. The aim of this study was to review the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The effect of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on the mental health status of dentists has been studied in various studies. The aim of this study was to review the mental health status of dentists during COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
English databases including PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were systematically searched till July 2021. Studies that examined the mental health status of dentists during COVID-19 pandemic were included. The heterogeneity of articles was assessed with the Cochran Test and statistics. The prevalence rates of anxiety, fear, sadness, concern, and anger were calculated using the random-effect model.
FINDINGS
Of 560 initial searched articles, 15 articles were eligible to include. The prevalence of anxiety, fear of carrying the infection, fear of getting infected, fear of getting quarantined, and fear of dying people by COVID-19 were 64%, 92%, 85%, 61%, and 65%, respectively. The distribution frequency of light, moderate, and intense sadness was 22%, 25%, and 30%, respectively; light, moderate, and intense anger was 21%, 14%, and 23%, respectively; light, moderate, and intense concern was 30%, 30%, and 34%, respectively; light, moderate, and intense fear was 38%, 24%, and 15%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Fear of COVID-19 and anxiety was very high among dentists. A significant proportion of dentists had moderate to intense COVID-19-associated sadness, concern, and anger. Providing educational content along with providing the necessary personal protective equipment and extensive vaccinations will help maintain the mental health of dentists and provide better quality services.
PubMed: 35509394
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.617 -
JMIR Mental Health Dec 2022Mental health is a complex condition, highly related to emotion. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant spike in depression (from isolation) and anxiety (event... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Mental health is a complex condition, highly related to emotion. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant spike in depression (from isolation) and anxiety (event related). Mobile Health (mHealth) and telemedicine offer solutions to augment patient care, provide education, improve symptoms of depression, and assuage fears and anxiety.
OBJECTIVE
This review aims to assess the effectiveness of mHealth to provide mental health care by analyzing articles published in the last year in peer-reviewed, academic journals using strong methodology (randomized controlled trial).
METHODS
We queried 4 databases (PubMed, CINAHL [Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature], Web of Science, and ScienceDirect) using a standard Boolean search string. We conducted this systematic literature review in accordance with the Kruse protocol and reported it in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) 2020 checklist (n=33).
RESULTS
A total of 4 interventions (mostly mHealth) from 14 countries identified improvements in primary outcomes of depression and anxiety as well as in several secondary outcomes, namely, quality of life, mental well-being, cognitive flexibility, distress, sleep, self-efficacy, anger, decision conflict, decision regret, digestive disturbance, pain, and medication adherence.
CONCLUSIONS
mHealth interventions can provide education, treatment augmentation, and serve as the primary modality in mental health care. The mHealth modality should be carefully considered when evaluating modes of care.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42022343489; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=343489.
PubMed: 36194896
DOI: 10.2196/42301 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022Envisioning the future of positive psychology (PP) requires looking at its past. To that end, I first review prior critiques of PP to underscore that certain early...
Envisioning the future of positive psychology (PP) requires looking at its past. To that end, I first review prior critiques of PP to underscore that certain early problems have persisted over time. I then selectively examine recent research to illustrate progress in certain areas as well as draw attention to recurrent problems. Key among them is promulgation of poorly constructed measures of well-being and reliance on homogeneous, privileged research samples. Another concern is the commercialization of PP, which points to the need for greater oversight and quality control in profit-seeking endeavors. Looking ahead, I advocate for future science tied to contemporary challenges, particularly ever-widening inequality and the pandemic. These constitute intersecting catastrophes that need scientific attention. Such problems bring into focus "neglected negatives" that may be fueling current difficulties, including greed, indifference, and stupidity. Anger, which defies easy characterization as positive or negative, also warrants greater scientific study. Going forward I advocate for greater study of domains that likely nurture good lives and just societies - namely, participation in the arts and encounters with nature, both currently under study. Overall, my entreaty to PP is to reckon with persistent problems from its past, while striving toward a future that is societally relevant and virtuous.
PubMed: 35369156
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.840062 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Mar 2021Given recent moves to remove or blur self-harm imagery or content on the web, it is important to understand the impact of posting, viewing, and reposting self-harm... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Given recent moves to remove or blur self-harm imagery or content on the web, it is important to understand the impact of posting, viewing, and reposting self-harm images on young people.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to systematically review research related to the emotional and behavioral impact on children and young people who view or share web-based self-harm-related videos or images.
METHODS
We searched databases (including Embase, PsychINFO, and MEDLINE) from January 1991 to February 2019. Search terms were categorized into internet use, images nonspecific and specific to the internet, and self-harm and suicide. Stepwise screening against specified criteria and data extraction were completed by two independent reviewers. Eligible articles were quality assessed, and a narrative synthesis was conducted.
RESULTS
A total of 19 independent studies (20 articles) were included. Of these, 4 studies focused on images, 10 (11 articles) on videos, and 5 on both. There were 4 quantitative, 9 qualitative, and 7 mixed methods articles. In total, 11 articles were rated as high quality. There has been an increase in graphic self-harm imagery over time. Potentially harmful content congregated on platforms with little moderation, anonymity, and easy search functions for images. A range of reactions and intentions were reported in relation to posting or viewing images of self-harm: from empathy, a sense of solidarity, and the use of images to give or receive help to potentially harmful ones suggesting new methods, normalization, and exacerbation of self-harm. Viewing images as an alternative to self-harm or a creative outlet were regarded in 2 studies as positive impacts. Reactions of anger, hostility, and ambivalence have been reported. There was some evidence of the role of imitation and reinforcement, driven partly by the number of comments and wound severity, but this was not supported by time series analyses.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the results of this review support concern related to safety and exacerbation of self-harm through viewing images of self-harm, there may be potential for positive impacts in some of those exposed. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness and potential harms of current posting restrictions, incorporate user perspectives, and develop recovery-oriented content. Clinicians assessing distressed young people should ask about internet use, including access to self-harm images, as part of their assessment.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Internet; Self-Injurious Behavior; Suicide
PubMed: 33739289
DOI: 10.2196/18048 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jan 2023Although anxiety is highly prevalent in people with bipolar disorders and has deleterious impact on the course of the illness, past reviews have shown that many aspects... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Although anxiety is highly prevalent in people with bipolar disorders and has deleterious impact on the course of the illness, past reviews have shown that many aspects of the topic remain under-researched. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature addressing anxiety in bipolar disorder (A-BD) between 2011 and 2020, assess if the interest in the topic has increased over the period and map the publication trends.
METHODS
Three databases were systematically searched, and all articles were screened at the title/abstract and full text level based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 1099 articles were included in the study. The annual number of articles on A-BD published between 2011 and 2020 was calculated and articles addressing it as a primary topic (n = 310) were classified into 4 categories and 11 subcategories to identify gaps in the knowledge.
RESULTS
The results show no clear increase in the number of annual publications during the period and much of the available literature is of a descriptive nature. Less is known about the processes underlying the comorbidity and about treatment approaches.
LIMITATIONS
Given the large scope of the research question, no quality assessment of the evidence was made. Only articles in English or French were considered.
CONCLUSIONS
These results highlight the need to change the focus of research efforts to better understand and address this unique set of conditions in clinical settings.
Topics: Humans; Bipolar Disorder; Anxiety Disorders; Anxiety; Comorbidity
PubMed: 36174785
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.057 -
General Hospital Psychiatry 2024Functional neurological disorder (FND) has been associated with predisposing psychological factors, including dysregulation of anger-related processes. This paper... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Functional neurological disorder (FND) has been associated with predisposing psychological factors, including dysregulation of anger-related processes. This paper provides a systematic review of the literature on anger regulation in FND. We evaluated anger-related research on patient self-report, observational, and laboratory based measures in FND. The review also addresses adverse childhood experiences and their relation with anger regulation, and the effects of therapies targeting anger regulation in FND.
METHODS
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched for both quantitative and qualitative research, published in a peer-reviewed journal with a sample size of at least 5 (registered under Prospero protocol CRD42022314340).
RESULTS
A total of 2200 articles were identified. After screening, 54 studies were included in this review (k = 20 questionnaire-based studies, k = 12 laboratory studies, k = 21 using other methods, and k = 1 used both questionnaires and other methods) representing data of 2502 patients with FND. Questionnaire-based studies indicated elevated levels of state anger and trait hostility in patients with FND. Laboratory studies showed a higher tendency to avoid social threat cues, attentional bias towards angry faces, difficulties reliving anger, and preoccupation with frustrating barriers among FND patients versus controls. No specific childhood experiences were identified related to anger regulation in FND, and too few small and uncontrolled studies were available (k = 2) to assess the effects of anger-related interventions in FND. The overall quality of the studies was fair (k = 31) to poor (k = 18). Five studies (k = 5) were rated as having a good quality.
CONCLUSIONS
This review suggests that patients with FND have maladaptive anger regulation compared to individuals without FND. The findings also highlight the need for further research on the prevalence and consequences of anger-related processes in the development, diagnosis and treatment of FND.
Topics: Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Conversion Disorder; Dissociative Disorders; Anger
PubMed: 38458028
DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.02.014 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2021Research examining trauma, memory, and mental health among refugee and asylum-seeking people has increased in recent years. We systematically reviewed empirical work...
Research examining trauma, memory, and mental health among refugee and asylum-seeking people has increased in recent years. We systematically reviewed empirical work focusing on the link between autobiographical memory and mental health among these populations. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018095888). Six major databases were searched in August-2020 with no time limit for publication. Following PRISMA Statement guidelines, 22 articles reporting ten quantitative, nine qualitative, and three mixed-method studies were selected from 254 articles identified in the initial search. A basic convergent and qualitative meta-integration technique was employed for data extraction. Four recurrent themes were extracted: (1) memory activation method, (2) memory features, (3) memory content, and (4) refugee mental health. Theme 1 illustrates that narrative interviews, important event recall, and cue word methods were used in most studies. Theme 2 highlights that memories of refugee people were often less specific, inconsistent, and negative-focused. Retrieval failure was also common among these people. Theme 3 reveals that refugee and asylum-seeking people frequently discussed their abandoned identities, lost resources, injustices, ongoing sufferings, and pointless futures. Finally, theme 4 identifies the prevalence of various mental health conditions like Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, depression, helplessness, and anger among these people. The results are discussed in the context of the current autobiographical memory and mental health theories, considering refugee-specific experiences in the asylum process and refugee status.
PubMed: 34149479
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.658700 -
Current Diabetes Reviews 2023Research suggests associations between trait anger, hostility, and type 2 diabetes and diabetes-related complications, though evidence from longitudinal studies has not...
BACKGROUND
Research suggests associations between trait anger, hostility, and type 2 diabetes and diabetes-related complications, though evidence from longitudinal studies has not yet been synthesized.
OBJECTIVE
The present systematic review examined findings from longitudinal research on trait anger or hostility and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes or diabetes-related complications. The review protocol was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020216356).
METHODS
Electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL) were searched for articles and abstracts published up to December 15, 2020. Peer-reviewed longitudinal studies with adult samples, with effect estimates reported for trait anger/hostility and incident diabetes or diabetes-related complications, were included. Title and abstract screening, full-text screening, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were conducted by two independent reviewers. A narrative synthesis of the extracted data was conducted according to the Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis guidelines.
RESULTS
Five studies (N = 155,146 participants) met the inclusion criteria. While results were mixed, our synthesis suggested an overall positive association between high trait-anger/hostility and an increased risk of incident diabetes. Only one study met the criteria for the diabetes-related complications outcome, which demonstrated a positive association between hostility and incident coronary heart disease but no significant association between hostility and incident stroke.
CONCLUSION
Based on the available longitudinal evidence, trait anger and hostility are associated with an increased risk of diabetes. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the association between trait-anger or hostility and the risk of diabetes-related complications.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Hostility; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Risk Factors; Anger; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 35352665
DOI: 10.2174/1573399818666220329185229