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The Journal of Evidence-based Dental... Dec 2019The increase in the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) in young people and the lack of knowledge of the health effects of smoking in the short and long term are... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The increase in the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) in young people and the lack of knowledge of the health effects of smoking in the short and long term are worrying. Although the oral cavity is the first to interact directly with the e-cig aerosol, studies on potential oral cavity lesions are still limited and there is some controversy about safety.
OBJECTIVE
To perform a systematic review to evaluate the adverse effects of e-cigs on oral health.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research was conducted using Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. The research was limited to articles in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, published between January 2003 and November 2018. The research question was formulated according to the population, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) strategy. The quality of the methodology of each study was evaluated following the guidelines described in the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool.
RESULTS
The initial search resulted in 432 articles, of which only eight were included for analysis. Periodontal and peri-implant clinical and radiographic parameters (plaque index, clinical attachment loss, probing depth, peri-implant bone loss, and radiographic bone level) are worse, and proinflammatory cytokine levels are higher among electronic and conventional cigarette smokers than among nonsmokers. Bleeding on probing was higher in nonsmokers than in conventional cigarette smokers and e-cig users. Nine different lesions of the oral mucosa were detected, with nicotinic stomatitis, hairy tongue, and angular cheilitis being more prevalent in e-cig consumers.
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that e-cigs are less harmful than conventional cigarettes. However, there is also a greater susceptibility of e-cig consumers to developing alterations in oral biological tissues than ex-smokers or nonsmokers. There is still a clear need for the development of new studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Dental Plaque Index; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Humans; Mouth; Oral Health
PubMed: 31843181
DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2019.04.002 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Oct 2023Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal condition that can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract. It is characterized by its clinical heterogeneity... (Review)
Review
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal condition that can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract. It is characterized by its clinical heterogeneity and irregularities in its course. The etiology and pathogenesis are not well established, so it is difficult to establish an early diagnosis and an effective treatment plan. The objective of this systematic review was to present a qualitative synthesis of the studies referring to the oral manifestations of CD. This systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guide. Research was conducted in the Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, and Cocrahne Library databases on 23 February 2023, and updated on 1 September 2023. Articles published between 2012 and 2023 were selected. Articles that analyzed the oral manifestation of CD patients and met the established search terms. In addition, the quality of all the selected studies was analyzed following the CARE guidelines for case reports and the STROBE scale for observational studies. A total of 19 articles were included in this review that met the inclusion criteria. Regarding the oral manifestation of CD, oral ulcers, angular cheilitis, and gingivitis stand out. Periodontitis and vegetative pyostomatitis were the least representative manifestations. The most prevalent locations were lips, mucosa, and gingivae. Ulcers, gingivitis, and angular cheilitis are the most frequent oral manifestations in patients with CD. Their early identification and possible relationship with the disease are important for an early diagnosis and an adequate treatment plan.
PubMed: 37892587
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206450 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Aug 2020Background and Objectives Over the last years, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported on a high incidence in pediatric populations and has been associated...
UNLABELLED
Background and Objectives Over the last years, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported on a high incidence in pediatric populations and has been associated with numerous extraintestinal manifestations, making its management a real challenge for the pediatric gastroenterologist. Dermatological manifestations in IBD are either specific, related to the disease activity or treatment-associated, or non-specific. This literature review aims to identify and report the dermatological manifestations of IBD in children, the correlation between their appearance and the demographical characteristics, the relationship between these lesions and disease activity, and to highlight the impact of dermatological manifestations on an IBD treatment regime.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systemic literature review was performed, investigating articles and case reports on dermatological manifestations in children with IBD starting from 2005. A total of 159 potentially suitable articles were identified and after the exclusion process, 75 articles were selected.
RESULTS
The most common dermatological manifestations reported in pediatric IBD are erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum. More rare cases of metastatic Crohn's disease, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, small-vessel vasculitis, necrotizing vasculitis, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, and Sweet's syndrome have been reported. Oral manifestations of IBD are divided into specific (tag-like lesions, mucogingivitis, lip swelling with vertical fissures, aphthous stomatitis, and pyostomatitis vegetans) and non-specific. IBD treatment may present with side effects involving the skin and mucosa. Anti-tumor necrosis factor agents have been linked to opportunistic skin infections, psoriasiform lesions, and a potentially increased risk for skin cancer. Cutaneous manifestations such as acrodermatitis enteropathica, purpuric lesions, and angular cheilitis may appear secondary to malnutrition and/or malabsorption.
CONCLUSIONS
The correct diagnosis of dermatological manifestations in pediatric IBD is of paramount importance because of their impact on disease activity, treatment options, and a patient's psychological status.
Topics: Biological Factors; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Malabsorption Syndromes; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 32842528
DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090425