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Phytomedicine : International Journal... Dec 2022Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as a significant part of the global pharmaceutical science, the abundant molecular compounds it contains is a valuable potential... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as a significant part of the global pharmaceutical science, the abundant molecular compounds it contains is a valuable potential source of designing and screening new drugs. However, due to the un-estimated quantity of the natural molecular compounds and diversity of the related problems drug discovery such as precise screening of molecular compounds or the evaluation of efficacy, physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetics, it is arduous for researchers to design or screen applicable compounds through old methods. With the rapid development of computer technology recently, especially artificial intelligence (AI), its innovation in the field of virtual screening contributes to an increasing efficiency and accuracy in the process of discovering new drugs.
PURPOSE
This study systematically reviewed the application of computational approaches and artificial intelligence in drug virtual filtering and devising of TCM and presented the potential perspective of computer-aided TCM development.
STUDY DESIGN
We made a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Then screening the most typical articles for our research.
METHODS
The systematic review was performed by following the PRISMA guidelines. The databases PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI were used to search for publications that focused on computer-aided drug virtual screening and design in TCM.
RESULT
Totally, 42 corresponding articles were included in literature reviewing. Aforementioned studies were of great significance to the treatment and cost control of many challenging diseases such as COVID-19, diabetes, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), etc. Computational approaches and AI were widely used in virtual screening in the process of TCM advancing, which include structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) and ligand-based virtual screening (LBVS). Besides, computational technologies were also extensively applied in absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) prediction of candidate drugs and new drug design in crucial course of drug discovery.
CONCLUSIONS
The applications of computer and AI play an important role in the drug virtual screening and design in the field of TCM, with huge application prospects.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Drug Design; Humans; Ligands; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Pharmaceutical Preparations; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 36215788
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154481 -
International Journal of Legal Medicine Mar 2023In recent years, new studies based on artificial intelligence (AI) have been conducted in the forensic field, posing new challenges and demonstrating the advantages and... (Review)
Review
In recent years, new studies based on artificial intelligence (AI) have been conducted in the forensic field, posing new challenges and demonstrating the advantages and disadvantages of using AI methodologies to solve forensic well-known problems. Specifically, AI technology has tried to overcome the human subjective bias limitations of the traditional approach of the forensic sciences, which include sex prediction and age estimation from morphometric measurements in forensic anthropology or evaluating the third molar stage of development in forensic odontology. Likewise, AI has been studied as an assisting tool in forensic pathology for a quick and easy identification of the taxonomy of diatoms. The present systematic review follows the PRISMA 2020 statements and aims to explore an emerging topic that has been poorly analyzed in the forensic literature. Benefits, limitations, and forensic implications concerning AI are therefore highlighted, by providing an extensive critical review of its current applications on forensic sciences as well as its future directions. Results are divided into 5 subsections which included forensic anthropology, forensic odontology, forensic pathology, forensic genetics, and other forensic branches. The discussion offers a useful instrument to investigate the potential benefits of AI in the forensic fields as well as to point out the existing open questions and issues concerning its application on real-life scenarios. Procedural notes and technical aspects are also provided to the readers.
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Forensic Anthropology; Forensic Medicine; Forensic Pathology
PubMed: 36507961
DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02928-5 -
The American Journal of Chinese Medicine 2021Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a well-established medical system with a long history. Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly expanding in many fields...
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a well-established medical system with a long history. Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly expanding in many fields including TCM. AI will significantly improve the reliability and accuracy of diagnostics, thus increasing the use of effective therapeutic methods for patients. This systematic review provides an updated overview on the major breakthroughs in the field of AI-assisted TCM four diagnostic methods, syndrome differentiation, and treatment. AI-assisted TCM diagnosis is mainly based on digital data collected by modern electronic instruments, which makes TCM diagnosis more quantitative, objective, and standardized. As a result, the diagnosis decisions made by different TCM doctors exhibit more consistency, accuracy, and reliability. Meanwhile, the therapeutic efficacy of TCM can be evaluated objectively. Therefore, AI is promoting TCM from experience to evidence-based medicine, a genuine scientific revolution. Furthermore, huge and non-uniform knowledge on formula-syndrome relationships and the combination rules of herbal TCM formulae could be better standardized with the help of AI analysis, which is necessary for the clinical efficacy evaluation and further optimization on the standardized TCM formulae. AI bridges the gap between TCM and modern science and technology. AI may bring clinical TCM diagnostics closer to western medicine. With the help of AI, more scientific evidence about TCM will be discovered. It can be expected that more unified guidelines for specific TCM syndromes will be issued with the development of AI-assisted TCM therapies in the future.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Clinical Decision-Making; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional
PubMed: 34247564
DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X21500622 -
Recherche En Soins Infirmiers Dec 2020Introduction and background : The last decade has seen a steady and rising use of coercion in mental health care, as well as an increase in the number of forms it... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Introduction and background : The last decade has seen a steady and rising use of coercion in mental health care, as well as an increase in the number of forms it takes. The application of these measures frequently relies on the work of nurses, but few studies have analyzed the human rights issues raised by these practices.Aim : To produce a qualitative synthesis of how human rights are integrated into the practice of nurses who use coercion in mental health care.Methodology : A systematic review of qualitative scientific literature published between 2008 and 2018 was conducted and supplemented by a meta-ethnographic analysis.Results : The analysis of the forty-six selected studies revealed four distinct themes : coercion in mental health care as a socio-legal object, issues of recognition of human rights in mental health care, role conflict experienced by nurses, and the conceptualization of coercion as a necessary evil or a critical incident.Discussion and conclusion : Further research is needed to understand the specifics of the continuum of support and control that characterizes the coercive work of psychiatric nurses.
Topics: Anthropology, Cultural; Coercion; Human Rights; Humans; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Mental Health Services; Nursing Care; Psychiatric Nursing
PubMed: 33319718
DOI: 10.3917/rsi.142.0053 -
Complementary Therapies in Medicine Nov 2023Migraine is a prevalent and disabling neurological disorder affecting a significant proportion of the global population. Although medications are the primary treatment... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Migraine is a prevalent and disabling neurological disorder affecting a significant proportion of the global population. Although medications are the primary treatment option, their efficacy remains unclear. Thus, alternative therapies such as scalp acupuncture have gained momentum; however, evidence for the effectiveness of scalp acupuncture remains insufficient. Therefore, this review provides evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of scalp acupuncture for the treatment of migraines.
DESIGN
PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Korean Studies Information Service System, Korean Medical Database, NDSL, Citation Information by NII, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched from their inception to September 2022 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) without language restrictions. Data were collected and analysed independently by two reviewers. The RoB 2.0 tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias, and a meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan software (V5.4).
SETTING
Eight RCTs including 874 patients were selected.
RESULTS
Scalp acupuncture had a higher total effective rate (relative risk [RR]:1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.08-1.43; P < 0.01) than that of ordinary acupuncture. The headache index decreased significantly (standardised mean differences [SMD]:-1.27; 95% CI:-2.06 to -0.48; P < 0.01), and the total effective rate was higher (RR:1.20; 95% CI:1.06-1.37; P < 0.01) with scalp acupuncture than with medications. However, evidence supporting the effectiveness of scalp acupuncture was not robust. No adverse events were reported.
CONCLUSION
Scalp acupuncture appears to be more effective than other treatments for migraines. However, their safety remains uncertain.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42022348879.
Topics: Humans; Scalp; Migraine Disorders; Acupuncture Therapy; Medicine, East Asian Traditional; Headache
PubMed: 37783377
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102991 -
Medicine Jun 2023Cupping therapy is a common practice in Korean medicine. Despite developments in this clinical and research area, the current knowledge is insufficient to identify the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Cupping therapy is a common practice in Korean medicine. Despite developments in this clinical and research area, the current knowledge is insufficient to identify the effects of cupping therapy on obesity. We aimed to assess the effects and safety of cupping therapy on obesity by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of cupping therapy.
METHODS
A systematic search of databases was conducted, including MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Citation Information by the National Institute of Informatics, KoreaMed, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, and ScienceON, for full-text randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published through January 14, 2023, with no language restrictions. The experimental groups received cupping therapy combined with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and conventional therapy. The control groups received no treatment, conventional therapy, or TCM treatments alone. The experimental and control groups were compared in terms of body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), hip circumference (HC), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and body fat percentage (BFP). We evaluated the risk of bias using the 7 domains stipulated by the Cochrane Collaboration Group and performed a meta-analysis using Cochrane Collaboration software (Review Manager Software Version 5.3).
RESULTS
A total of 21 RCTs were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The analysis revealed improvements in BW (P < .001), BMI (P < .001), HC (P = .03), and WC (P < .001). However, there were no clinically significant changes in WHR (P = .65) or BFP (P = .90), both of which had very low certainty of evidence. No adverse events were reported.
CONCLUSION
Overall, our results show that cupping therapy can be used to treat obesity in terms of BW, BMI, HC, and WC and is a safe intervention for the treatment of obesity. However, the conclusions of this review should be interpreted with caution in clinical practice because of the uncertain quality of the included studies.
Topics: Humans; Cupping Therapy; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Obesity
PubMed: 37327262
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000034039 -
Eating and Weight Disorders : EWD Apr 2023Acculturation, or the dual process of cultural change that takes place due to the interaction between two or more cultural identities, may contribute to the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Acculturation, or the dual process of cultural change that takes place due to the interaction between two or more cultural identities, may contribute to the susceptibility of developing an eating disorder (ED). We conducted a systematic review exploring the relationship between acculturation-related constructs and ED pathology.
METHODS
We searched the PsychINFO and Pubmed/Medline databases up to December 2022. Inclusion criteria were: (1) having a measure of acculturation or related constructs; (2) having a measure of ED symptoms; and (3) experiencing cultural change to a different culture with Western ideals. 22 articles were included in the review. Outcome data were synthesized by narrative synthesis.
RESULTS
There was variability in the definition and measure of acculturation in the literature. Overall, acculturation, culture change, acculturative stress, and intergenerational conflict were associated with ED behavioral and/or cognitive symptoms. However, the nature of the specific associations differed depending on the specific acculturation constructs and ED cognitions and behaviors measured. Furthermore, cultural factors (e.g., in-group vs. out-group preferences, generational status, ethnic group, gender) impacted the relationship between acculturation and ED pathology.
DISCUSSION
Overall, this review highlights the need for more precise definitions of the different domains of acculturation and a more nuanced understanding of the specific relationship between various acculturation domains and specific ED cognitions and behaviors. Most of the studies were conducted in undergraduate women and in Hispanic/Latino samples, limiting generalizability of results.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level V, Opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.
Topics: Humans; Female; Acculturation; Stress, Psychological; Ethnicity; Feeding and Eating Disorders
PubMed: 37076614
DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01563-2 -
Journal of Evidence-based Medicine Jun 2023Frozen shoulder is a common disorder that can lead to long-lasting impairment in shoulder-related daily activities. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played an...
BACKGROUND
Frozen shoulder is a common disorder that can lead to long-lasting impairment in shoulder-related daily activities. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played an important role in the effort to manage frozen shoulder.
PURPOSE
We aimed to develop an evidence-based guideline for treating frozen shoulder with traditional Chinese medicine.
STUDY DESIGN
Evidence-based guideline.
METHODS
We developed this guideline based on internationally recognized and accepted guideline standards. The guideline development group used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to rate the certainty of evidence and the strength of recommendations. The benefits and harms, resources, accessibility, and other factors were fully taken into account, and the GRADE grid method was used to reach consensus on all recommendations.
RESULTS
We established a multidisciplinary guideline development panel. Based on a systematic literature search and a face-to-face meeting, nine clinical questions were identified. Finally, twelve recommendations were reached by consensus, comprehensively considering the balance of benefits and harms, certainty of evidence, costs, clinical feasibility, accessibility, and clinical acceptability.
CONCLUSION
This guideline panel made twelve recommendations, which covered the use of manual therapy, acupuncture, needle knife, Cheezheng Xiaotong plaster, Gutong plaster, exercise therapy and integrated TCM and Western medicine, such as combined modalities and corticosteroid injections. Most of them were weakly recommended or consensus based. The users of this guideline are most likely to be clinicians and health administrators.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Humans
PubMed: 37020403
DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12530 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jan 2023Borneol (BO) represents a global trade-driven spreading of ethnic medicine traceable to the classical age, and won its name specific to its original habitat "Borneo". BO... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Borneol (BO) represents a global trade-driven spreading of ethnic medicine traceable to the classical age, and won its name specific to its original habitat "Borneo". BO shows broad spectral pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, inducing resuscitation, and widely applied in the protection and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, used singly or mostly in compound formulae.
AIM OF THE STUDY
Three stereoscopic configuration forms of BO, l-borneol (LB), d-borneol (DB), and dl-borneol (synthetic, SB), are formulated in broad spectral application, yet their diverse pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties caused by configurations, and accurate assay and quality assessment are often overlooked. A systematic review and analysis of lumped studies and applications is necessary to clarify the relationship between configuration and its original plant, analysis method, activity and side effect BO in order to guarantee the efficacy and safety during their application.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The public databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure were referenced to summarize a comprehensive research and application data of BO published up to date.
RESULTS
This review includes following sections: History and current status, Stereochemistry, Ethnopharmacology, and Quality assessment. In the section of history, the changes of the plant origins of the two isomeric forms of natural BO were described respectively, and the methods for synthetic racemate SB were also included. The section of stereochemistry deals with the stereoscopic structures, physical/chemical property, optical rotation of the three forms of BO, as well as the main related substances like isoborneol, obtained in SB via chemical transformation of camphor and turpentine oil. In the section of Ethnopharmacology, pharmacological activities and pharmacokinetics of different forms of BO were discussed. BO is usually used as an "adjuvant", by enhancing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and intervene the ADME/T pathways of the other ingredients in the same formulation. In the section of quality assessment, the analytical methods, including chromatography, especially GC, and spectroscopy were addressed on the chiral separation of the coexisting enantiomers.
CONCLUSIONS
This overview systematically summarized three forms of BO in terms of history, stereochemistry, ethnopharmacology, and quality assessment, which, hopefully, can provide valuable information and strategy for more reasonable application and development of the globally reputed ethnic medicine borneol with characteristics in stereochemistry.
Topics: Analgesics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antipyretics; Camphanes; Camphor; Ethnopharmacology; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Turpentine
PubMed: 36087846
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115697 -
Age and Ageing Jan 2023walking is crucial for an active and healthy ageing, but the perspectives of individuals living with walking impairment are still poorly understood.
BACKGROUND
walking is crucial for an active and healthy ageing, but the perspectives of individuals living with walking impairment are still poorly understood.
OBJECTIVES
to identify and synthesise evidence describing walking as experienced by adults living with mobility-impairing health conditions and to propose an empirical conceptual framework of walking experience.
METHODS
we performed a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative evidence, searching seven electronic databases for records that explored personal experiences of walking in individuals living with conditions of diverse aetiology. Conditions included Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hip fracture, heart failure, frailty and sarcopenia. Data were extracted, critically appraised using the NICE quality checklist and synthesised using standardised best practices.
RESULTS
from 2,552 unique records, 117 were eligible. Walking experience was similar across conditions and described by seven themes: (i) becoming aware of the personal walking experience, (ii) the walking experience as a link between individuals' activities and sense of self, (iii) the physical walking experience, (iv) the mental and emotional walking experience, (v) the social walking experience, (vi) the context of the walking experience and (vii) behavioural and attitudinal adaptations resulting from the walking experience. We propose a novel conceptual framework that visually represents the walking experience, informed by the interplay between these themes.
CONCLUSION
a multi-faceted and dynamic experience of walking was common across health conditions. Our conceptual framework of the walking experience provides a novel theoretical structure for patient-centred clinical practice, research and public health.
Topics: Humans; Qualitative Research; Anthropology, Cultural; Walking
PubMed: 36729471
DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac233