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International Journal of Rheumatic... Mar 2023Cogan's syndrome (CS) is a rare inflammatory disease characterized by interstitial keratitis or uveitis, vestibular impairment, and progressive hearing loss, commonly...
Cogan's syndrome (CS) is a rare inflammatory disease characterized by interstitial keratitis or uveitis, vestibular impairment, and progressive hearing loss, commonly bilateral. Although glucocorticoids are fundamental treatment options, in most cases, hearing loss gradually worsens. Herein we report 2 pediatric cases of CS who were treated with corticosteroids and methotrexate. One patient had a cochlear implant, and the hearing of the other patient improved with treatment. Also, a systematic literature review was conducted for articles including pediatric CS patients. In the literature, 34 articles describing 44 pediatric patients with CS were identified. Sudden hearing loss (95.3%) and ocular symptoms (92.5%) were the most common manifestations in these patients. Also, aortic involvement was present in 19.5% of patients in the literature. Otorhinolaryngologists, ophthalmologists, and pediatricians should collaborate to diagnose and manage CS to prevent progressive hearing loss and eye involvement.
Topics: Humans; Child; Cogan Syndrome; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Syndrome; Keratitis
PubMed: 36502531
DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.14531 -
International Journal of... Dec 2021Neuroimaging may provide clinical evidence for speech treatment-induced neuroplasticity. This review aimed to report the current scope of evidence relating to brain...
Neuroimaging may provide clinical evidence for speech treatment-induced neuroplasticity. This review aimed to report the current scope of evidence relating to brain changes identified using neuroimaging techniques, following effective speech intervention in adults and children with motor speech disorders (MSD). Studies were retrieved from five electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE (Medline), SCOPUS, and Web of Science) and a general internet search. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Using structural or functional neuroimaging techniques, five studies reported on the effects of the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment for dysarthria in adults and children, one study on the outcome of rhythmic-melodic voice training in adults with apraxia of speech, and one study on the effects of Prompts for Restructuring Oral Muscular Phonetic Targets therapy in children with idiopathic apraxia of speech. Identified brain changes included: enhanced white matter tract integrity; normalisation of baseline cortical activity; right-hemisphere shifts in re-organisation; perilesional activations; and cortical thinning. The current review identified preliminary evidence for treatment-dependent brain changes in adults and children with MSD. Although important to interpret within the context of Phase I research, the identification of therapeutic effects across seven heterogeneous studies suggests that treatment-induced improvements in speech performance are underpinned by demonstrable alterations in brain structure and/or function. Future research is required to better define these mechanisms of neuronal re-organisation in individuals receiving treatment for MSD, including their prognostic potential.
Topics: Adult; Apraxias; Child; Humans; Neuroimaging; Neuronal Plasticity; Speech; Speech Disorders
PubMed: 34030526
DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2021.1908425 -
Current Pain and Headache Reports Jan 2020Although visual and somatosensory disturbances are the most common migraine aura (MA) symptoms, patients can also experience other symptoms during their MA. The aim of...
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW
Although visual and somatosensory disturbances are the most common migraine aura (MA) symptoms, patients can also experience other symptoms during their MA. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of studies that report symptoms of dysphasia and other higher cortical dysfunctions (HCDs) during MA, as well as to determine the frequency of HCDs.
RECENT FINDINGS
Five studies met the inclusion criteria, corresponding to 697 patients overall. The most frequently reported HCDs were those of the language group (range 10-53%). The occurrence of visual HCDs was noted in 12-40 patients, somatosensory HCDs in 12-20%, and memory disturbances in 10-22% of the patients during MAs. MA is associated with a wide range of neurological symptoms, including symptoms of HCD. A better strategy for investigation of the HCD symptoms is needed to correctly stratify patients thus allowing meaningful studies of aura pathophysiology.
Topics: Aphasia; Apraxias; Cerebral Cortex; Humans; Memory Disorders; Migraine with Aura; Somatosensory Disorders
PubMed: 31981018
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-020-0836-3 -
Multimedia Tools and Applications Mar 2023Speech is a powerful, natural mode of communication that facilitates effective interactions in human societies. However, when fluency or flow of speech is affected or...
Speech is a powerful, natural mode of communication that facilitates effective interactions in human societies. However, when fluency or flow of speech is affected or interrupted, it leads to speech impairment. There are several types of speech impairment depending on the speech pattern and range from mild to severe. Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is the most common speech disorder in children, with 1 out of 12 children diagnosed globally. Significant advancements in speech assessment tools have been reported to assist speech-language pathologists diagnosis speech impairment. In recent years, speech assessment tools have also gained popularity among pediatricians and teachers who work with preschoolers. Automatic speech tools can be more accurate for detecting speech sound disorders (SSD) than human-based speech assessment methods. This systematic literature review covers 88 studies, including more than 500 children, infants, toddlers, and a few adolescents, (both male and female) (age = 0-17) representing speech impairment from more than 10 countries. It discusses the state-of-the-art speech assessment methods, including tools, techniques, and protocols for speech-impaired children. Additionally, this review summarizes notable outcomes in detecting speech impairments using said assessment methods and discusses various limitations such as universality, reliability, and validity. Finally, we consider the challenges and future directions for speech impairment assessment tool research.
PubMed: 37362682
DOI: 10.1007/s11042-023-14913-0