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Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences :... Jun 2020P-element-induced-wimpy-testis-(PIWI)-like proteins are implicated in germ cells' regulation and detected in numerous cancer types. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
P-element-induced-wimpy-testis-(PIWI)-like proteins are implicated in germ cells' regulation and detected in numerous cancer types. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to associate, for the first time, the prognosis in cancer patients with intratumoral expression of PIWI family proteins.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, and Web of Knowledge databases were searched, and studies investigating the association between intratumoral mRNA or protein expression of different PIWI family proteins and survival, metastasis, or recurrence of various cancer types were reviewed. Study qualities were assessed using the REMARK criteria. Studies' heterogeneity was evaluated using I index and Cochran Q test. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and Egger's regression. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for different PIWI family proteins separately. Specifically, log of calculated HR was pooled using random-effects model.
RESULTS
Twenty-six studies (4299 participants) were included. The pooled HR of mortality in high versus low expression of PIWIL1, PIWIL2, and PIWIL4 was 1.87 (95% CI: 1.31-2.66, p < 0.05), 1.09 (95% CI: 0.58-2.07, p = 0.79), and 0.44 (95% CI: 0.25-0.76, p < 0.05), respectively. The pooled HR of recurrence in high versus low expression of PIWIL1 and PIWIL2 was 1.72 (95% CI: 1.20-2.49, p < 0.05) and 1.98 (95% CI: 0.65-5.98, p = 0.23), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Highly variable results were observed for different cancer types. Higher PIWIL1 and lower piwil4 and PIWIL4 expression levels could potentially indicate worse prognosis in cancer. These proteins' expressions could be used for personalized prognosis and treatment in the future.
Topics: Argonaute Proteins; Biomarkers, Tumor; Disease Progression; Humans; Neoplasms; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; RNA, Messenger
PubMed: 31814070
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03403-y -
Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene... 2020Noncoding RNAs are a cluster of RNAs that do not encode functional proteins. Instead, they are incorporated into DNA structure and regulate gene expression. Of these two...
AIM
Noncoding RNAs are a cluster of RNAs that do not encode functional proteins. Instead, they are incorporated into DNA structure and regulate gene expression. Of these two classes, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) belong to the former, and small RNAs (sRNAs) belong to the latter. Recently, tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs/tDRs) were discovered among small noncoding RNAs, as the newly discovered regulatory small RNA. They play a role in pathological and physiological processes, in which gene expression is frequently dysregulated. TsRNAs can be bound to Argonaute proteins and Piwi proteins, such as miRNAs and piRNAs sequentially.
METHODS
In initial searches, 2,744 articles were identified with the following literature databases, up to February 25, 2020: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Finally, after full-text assessment, 48 articles were identified that are related to gene expression profiling of tsRNA in cancer.
RESULTS
The development of cancer biomarkers based on noncoding RNAs is a thriving area of biomedical research that has expanded significantly. Currently, several groups of tsRNA/tDR biomarkers should be considered in updating the latest findings.
CONCLUSION
In this systematic review, we summarized the most recent findings related to the expression of tsRNAs in 17 cancer types. We suggested that use of tsRNAs in the cancer field attracted researcher focus and facilitated diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Neoplasms; RNA, Transfer
PubMed: 33389877
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2020035372 -
Journal of B.U.ON. : Official Journal... 2020PIWIL2, one of the PIWI gene subfamily, is now thought to be closely related to poor clinical outcomes in various cancers. The aim of this research was to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
PIWIL2, one of the PIWI gene subfamily, is now thought to be closely related to poor clinical outcomes in various cancers. The aim of this research was to comprehensively estimate its predictive value in the prognosis of cancer patients.
METHODS
We thoroughly searched PubMed, Web of Science and Embase databases for eligible articles published until April 4th 2019, in which the association between cancer prognosis and PIWIL2 expression level was studied. Study qualities were assessed using NOS criteria. We performed analyses by Stata SE 12.0 and RevMan 5.3. The primary endpoints contained overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and disease-free survival (DFS).
RESULTS
Ten studies containing 2116 patients with 8 various solid cancers were finally included. The outcomes indicated that cancer patients with higher PIWIL2 expression level had significant shorter OS (HR:2.20, 95%CI:1.25-3.88, p=0.006), DFS/RFS/MFS (HR:2.96, 95%CI:1.68-5.23, p<0.001), CSS (HR: 2.12, 95%CI: 1.40-3.23, p<0.001) than cancer patients with lower PIWIL2 expression level. What's more, PIWIL2 over-expression was significantly correlated to more lymph node metastasis (LNM) (OR:1.61, 95%CI:1.28-2.02, p<0.001). And PIWIL2 expression was not significantly correlated with age, gender, differentiation, tumor invasion, tumor size, TNM stage and distant metastasis (DM).
CONCLUSIONS
A higher expression level of PIWIL2 may predict a poorer prognosis of cancer patients. And its prognostic values are not significantly influenced by clinicopathological characters. Therefore, PIWIL2 could serve as a personalized prognostic predictor in cancers in the future.
Topics: Argonaute Proteins; Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Prognosis
PubMed: 33455119
DOI: No ID Found