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Nutrients Aug 2021Astaxanthin (ASX), a xanthophyll carotenoid derived from microalgae , mitigating skin photoaging and age-related skin diseases by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
CONTEXT
Astaxanthin (ASX), a xanthophyll carotenoid derived from microalgae , mitigating skin photoaging and age-related skin diseases by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in animal studies.
OBJECTIVE
The aim was to systematically evaluate if ASX applications have anti-ageing effects in humans.
METHODS
A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science found a total of eleven studies. Nine randomised, controlled human studies assessed oral ASX effects and two open-label, prospective studies evaluated topical, oral-topical ASX effects on skin ageing. was used to extract mean values and standard deviations of baseline and endpoint, and Cochrane Collaboration's tool assessed RoB for all included studies. Review Manager 5.4 was used to conduct meta-analysis of RCTs; the results were reported as effect size ± 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS
Oral ASX supplementation significantly restored moisture content (SMD = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.05, 1.01; I = 52%; = 0.03) and improved elasticity (SMD = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.19, 1.35; I = 75%; = 0.009) but did not significantly decrease wrinkle depth (SMD = -0.26; 95% CI = -0.58, 0.06; I = 0%; = 0.11) compared to placebo. Open-label, prospective studies suggested slightly protective effects of topical and oral-topical ASX applications on skin ageing.
CONCLUSIONS
Ingestion and/or topical usages of ASX may be effective in reducing skin ageing and have promising cosmetical potential, as it improves moisture content and elasticity and reduces wrinkles.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Adult; Aged; Aging; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Chlorophyta; Cosmetics; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Skin; Skin Aging; Xanthophylls; Young Adult
PubMed: 34578794
DOI: 10.3390/nu13092917 -
Journal of Dietary Supplements 2021Astaxanthin (AST), a naturally-occurring keto-carotenoid found in several species of bacteria and microalgae, has demonstrated diverse biological activities and . There...
Astaxanthin (AST), a naturally-occurring keto-carotenoid found in several species of bacteria and microalgae, has demonstrated diverse biological activities and . There is growing commercial interest in the application of astaxanthin in nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals, due to its purported photoprotective, DNA repair, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory benefits. This systematic review therefore aimed to summarize current clinical evidence on the effects of astaxanthin supplementation on skin health. Using the following combinations of broad Major Exploded Subject Headings (MesH) terms or text words [astaxanthin OR AST OR ASX OR carotenoid OR xanthophyll] AND [skin OR derm*], a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases found a total of eleven clinical studies. There were six randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials, while the rest were prospective, open-label studies. In many of the randomized, controlled trials reviewed, AST supplementation improved skin texture, appearance (wrinkles), and moisture content at the end of the study period. AST also appeared to protect against UV-induced skin damage. No serious adverse events were reported in any of the studies. However, most available studies had a relatively small sample size and were conducted on healthy Japanese females. Many of the studies were also funded by commercial entities, with potential conflicts of interests. This was difficult to account for in our analyses. Overall, there is some clinical data to support the benefits of astaxanthin supplementation (in the range of 3 to 6 mg/d) on skin health, especially for photoaged skin.
Topics: Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Skin; Xanthophylls
PubMed: 32202443
DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1739187 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022The dietary supplement industry offers many oral cosmetics that purportedly assist in skin moisturization often with unclear evidence supporting efficacy and safety. To...
BACKGROUND
The dietary supplement industry offers many oral cosmetics that purportedly assist in skin moisturization often with unclear evidence supporting efficacy and safety. To update the accessible proofs pertaining to the safety and effectiveness of oral dietary supplements to facilitate skin moisturizing via an all-around review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
Three on-line databases [Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL)] were retrieved from January 2000 to November 2021. An overall 66 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of skin care were recognized. Meta-analysis was performed for dietary supplements with four or more available research.
RESULTS
Oral collagen or ceramide resulted in a statistically significant increase in skin hydration and a decrease in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) compared to placebo. No benefits regarding the improvement of skin conditions in terms of water content and TEWL were observed for lactic acid bacteria or Lactobacillus fermented foods. A statistically significant and positive effect on skin hydration was observed for both hyaluronan and procyanidin, with an unknown effect on TEWL due to insufficient RCTs. There was a non-significant improvement in the water content of stratum corneum for astaxanthin based on subgroup analyses. Among the dietary supplements trialed in ≤ 3 RCTs, the judgment regarding their effects on skin moisturizing was prevented by inconsistent conclusions as well as insufficient research. All food supplements were safe throughout the research (normally ≤ 24 weeks).
CONCLUSION
Oral dietary supplements, including collagen, ceramides, hyaluronan, and procyanidin, were proven to be effective for skin moisturization. At present, for skin moisturization, the proofs supporting the recommendation of other dietary supplements, such as lactic acid bacteria and astaxanthin, are insufficient.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ identifier CRD42021290818.
PubMed: 35719159
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.895192 -
International Journal For Vitamin and... Jun 2024According to previous studies, astaxanthin exerts various biological effects due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities; however, its effects on liver... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
According to previous studies, astaxanthin exerts various biological effects due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities; however, its effects on liver enzymes have not yet been well elucidated. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess astaxanthin's effects on liver enzymes. A systematic literature search was conducted using scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane databases, and Google Scholar up to February 2023 to find relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of astaxanthin supplementation on alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). A random-effects model was used for the estimation of the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD). Overall, we included five trials involving 196 subjects. The duration of the intervention was between 4 and 48 weeks, and the dose was between 6 and 12 mg/day. ALT levels increased in the intervention group compared to the control group following astaxanthin supplementation (WMD: 1.92 U/L, 95% CI: 0.16 to 3.68, P=0.03), whereas supplementation with astaxanthin had a non-significant effect on AST (WMD: 0.72 U/L, 95% CI: -0.85 to 2.29, P=0.36), GGT (WMD: 0.48 U/L, 95% CI: -2.71 to 3.67, P=0.76), and ALP levels (WMD: 2.85 U/L, 95% CI: -7.94 to 13.63, P=0.60) compared to the placebo group. Our data showed that astaxanthin supplementation increases ALT concentrations in adults without affecting the levels of other liver enzymes. Further long-term and well-designed RCTs are necessary to assess and confirm these findings.
Topics: Xanthophylls; Humans; Dietary Supplements; Liver; Alanine Transaminase; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Antioxidants
PubMed: 38407143
DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000804 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... Jul 2023Carotenoids have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, being a potential bioactive compound for gut health. The objective of this systematic review was to... (Review)
Review
Carotenoids have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, being a potential bioactive compound for gut health. The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of carotenoids on gut microbiota, gut barrier, and inflammation in healthy animals. The systematic search from PubMed, Scopus, and Lilacs databases were performed up to March 2023. The final screening included thirty studies, with different animal models (mice, rats, pigs, chicks, drosophila, fish, and shrimp), and different carotenoid sources (β-carotene, lycopene, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, and fucoxanthin). The results suggested that carotenoids seem to act on gut microbiota by promoting beneficial effects on intestinal bacteria related to both inflammation and SCFA production; increase tight junction proteins expression, important for reducing intestinal permeability; increase the mucins expression, important in protecting against pathogens and toxins; improve morphological parameters important for digestion and absorption of nutrients; and reduce pro-inflammatory and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, different carotenoids had distinct effects on gut health. In addition, there was heterogeneity between studies regarding animal model, duration of intervention, and doses used. This is the first systematic review to address the effects of carotenoids on gut health. Further studies are needed to better understand the effects of carotenoids on gut health.
PubMed: 37450500
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2234025 -
Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.) Mar 2022Previous in vitro and animal studies showed that astaxanthin improved oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers. We hypothesized the same effects of astaxanthin in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Previous in vitro and animal studies showed that astaxanthin improved oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers. We hypothesized the same effects of astaxanthin in humans and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of previous randomized controlled trials to test this hypothesis. The literature search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases from January 1970 to April 2021. Main eligibility criteria include: intervention using astaxanthin for at least 1 week; inclusion of placebo control; and measuring at least 1 of the common oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers before and after intervention. Twelve randomized controlled trials including 380 participants were included. Compared with placebo, astaxanthin significantly reduced blood malondialdehyde concentration (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.95; 95% CI, -1.67 to -0.23; P = .01). The lowering effect of astaxanthin supplementation on malondialdehyde was particularly significant in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (SMD: -0.64; 95% CI, -1.26 to -0.01; P < .05). A limited number of trials were available for the effects of astaxanthin on other oxidative stress biomarkers. Astaxanthin supplementation appeared to improve superoxide dismutase activity and reduce serum isoprostane concentration in overweight subjects. Astaxanthin significantly reduced blood interleukin-6 concentration in T2DM patients (weighted mean difference: -0.70 pg/mL; 95% CI, -1.29 to -0.11 pg/mL; P = .02). The effects of astaxanthin on blood C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations were not significant. The current work indicated that astaxanthin supplementation may be beneficial for improving oxidative stress and certain inflammation biomarkers, particularly in T2DM patients. Future work should investigate the effects of astaxanthin on T2DM.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Inflammation; Oxidative Stress; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Xanthophylls
PubMed: 35091276
DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.09.005 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2023Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic condition with few therapeutic options. Astaxanthin (AST), a natural nutritional supplement with powerful antioxidant...
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic condition with few therapeutic options. Astaxanthin (AST), a natural nutritional supplement with powerful antioxidant activities, is finding its new application in the field of SCI. Here, we performed a systematic review to assess the neurological roles of AST in rats following SCI, and assessed the potential for clinical translation. Searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang data, Vip Journal Integration Platform, and SinoMed databases. Animal studies that evaluated the neurobiological roles of AST in a rat model of SCI were included. A total of 10 articles were included; most of them had moderate-to-high methodological quality, while the overall quality of evidence was not high. Generally, the meta-analyses revealed that rats treated with AST exhibited an increased Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score compared with the controls, and the weighted mean differences (WMDs) between those two groups showed a gradual upward trend from days 7 (six studies, n = 88, WMD = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.83 to 3.87, < 0.00001) to days 28 (five studies, n = 76, WMD = 6.42, 95% CI = 4.29 to 8.55, < 0.00001) after treatment. AST treatment was associated with improved outcomes in spared white matter area, motor neuron survival, and SOD and MDA levels. Subgroup analyses indicated there were differences in the improvement of BBB scores between distinct injury types. The trial sequential analysis then firmly proved that AST could facilitate the locomotor recovery of rats following SCI. In addition, this review suggested that AST could modulate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuron loss, and autophagy multiple signaling pathways for treating SCI. Collectively, with a protective effect, good safety, and a systematic action mechanism, AST is a promising candidate for future clinical trials of SCI. Nonetheless, in light of the limitations of the included studies, larger and high-quality studies are needed for verification.
PubMed: 37881327
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1255755 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2022The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of carotenoids on selected... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of carotenoids on selected inflammatory parameters. PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of science were searched from inception until April 2021. The random-effect model was used to analyze data and the overall effect size was computed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and corresponding 95% of confidence interval (CI). A total of 26 trials with 35 effect sizes were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated significant effects of carotenoids on C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD: ‒0.54 mg/L, 95% CI: ‒0.71, ‒0.37, < 0.001), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (WMD: ‒0.54 pg/mL, 95% CI: ‒1.01, ‒0.06, = 0.025), however the effect on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was not significant (WMD: ‒0.97 pg/ml, 95% CI: ‒1.98, 0.03, = 0.0.059). For the individual carotenoids, astaxanthin, (WMD: ‒0.30 mg/L, 95% CI: ‒0.51, ‒0.09, = 0.005), lutein/zeaxanthin (WMD: ‒0.30 mg/L, 95% CI: ‒0.45, ‒0.15, < 0.001), and β-cryptoxanthin (WMD: ‒0.35 mg/L, 95% CI: ‒0.54, ‒0.15, < 0.001) significantly decreased CRP level. Also, only lycopene (WMD: ‒1.08 pg/ml, 95%CI: ‒2.03, ‒0.12, = 0.027) led to a significant decrease in IL-6. The overall results supported possible protective effects of carotenoids on inflammatory biomarkers.
Topics: Beta-Cryptoxanthin; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Carotenoids; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Lutein; Lycopene; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Zeaxanthins
PubMed: 33998846
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1925870 -
Nutrients May 2022The use of medication is effective in managing metabolic syndrome (MetS), but side effects have led to increased attention on using nutraceuticals and supplements.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The use of medication is effective in managing metabolic syndrome (MetS), but side effects have led to increased attention on using nutraceuticals and supplements. Astaxanthin shows positive effects in reducing the risk of MetS, but results from individual studies are inconclusive. This systematic review summarizes the latest evidence of astaxanthin in adults with risk factors of MetS. A systematic search of English and Chinese randomized controlled trials in 14 electronic databases from inception to 30 June 2021 was performed. Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts, and conducted full-text review, quality appraisal, and extraction of data. Risk of bias was assessed by PEDro. A total of 7 studies met the inclusion criteria with 321 participants. Six studies were rated to have excellent methodological quality, while the remaining one was rated at good. Results show marginal effects of astaxanthin on reduction in total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure, and a significant attenuating effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Further robust evidence is needed to examine the effects of astaxanthin in adults at risk of MetS.
Topics: Adult; Cholesterol; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Risk Factors; Xanthophylls
PubMed: 35631193
DOI: 10.3390/nu14102050 -
Free Radical Biology & Medicine Aug 2021Obesity is a major risk factor for several diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The use of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Obesity is a major risk factor for several diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The use of natural products, such as astaxanthin (ASX), a potent antioxidant compound produced by the freshwater green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis, has gained particular interest to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, and to improve redox status, often associated with obesity. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to comprehensively examine the effects of ASX in animal models of diet induced obesity-associated diseases in order to inform the design of future human clinical studies for ASX use as supplement or nutraceutical.
METHODS
Cinahl, Cochraine, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for English-language manuscripts published between January 2000 and April 2020 using the following key words: astaxanthin, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, NAFLD and metabolic.
RESULTS
Seventeen eligible articles, corresponding to 21 animal studies, were included in the final quantitative analysis. ASX, at different concentrations and administered for different length of time, induced a significant reduction in adipose tissue weight (P = 0.05) and systolic blood pressure (P < 0.0001) in control animals. In animal models of T2D, ASX significantly reduced serum glucose levels (P = 0.04); whereas it improved several disease biomarkers in the blood (e.g. cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT and AST, P < 0.10), and reduced liver (P = 0.0002) and body weight (P = 0.11), in animal models of NAFLD.
CONCLUSIONS
Supplementation of ASX in the diet has positive effects on symptoms associated with obesity related diseases in animals, by having lipid-lowering, hypo-insulin and hypoglycaemic capacity, protecting organs from oxidative stress and mitigating the immune system, as suggested in this review.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Models, Animal; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Obesity; Xanthophylls
PubMed: 33974978
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.008