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Indoor Air Nov 2022The burden of disease attributed to the indoor exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO ), nitrogen dioxide (NO ), ozone (O ), and carbon monoxide (CO) is not clear, and the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The burden of disease attributed to the indoor exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO ), nitrogen dioxide (NO ), ozone (O ), and carbon monoxide (CO) is not clear, and the quantitative concentration-response relationship is a prerequisite. This is a systematic review to summarize the quantitative concentration-response relationships by screening and analyzing the polled effects of population-based epidemiological studies. After collecting literature published between 1980 and 2019, a total of 19 health outcomes in 101 studies with 182 health risk estimates were recruited. By meta-analysis, the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis and Egger's test for publication bias, the robust and reliable effects were found for SO (per 10 μg/m ) with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) (pooled relative risks [RRs] 1.016, 95% CI: 1.012-1.021) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (RR 1.012, 95%CI: 007-1.018), respectively. NO (per 10 μg/m ) had the pooled RRs for childhood asthma, preterm birth, lung cancer, diabetes, and COPD by 1.134 (1.084-1.186), 1.079 (1.007-1.157), 1.055 (1.010-1.101), 1.019 (1.009-1.029), and 1.016 (1.012-1.120), respectively. CO (per 1 mg/m ) was significantly associated with Parkinson's disease (RR 1.574, 95% CI: 1.069-2.317) and CVD (RR 1.024, 95% CI: 1.011-1.038). No robust effects were observed for O . This study provided evidence and basis for further estimation of the health burden attributable to the four gaseous pollutants.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Child; Nitrogen Dioxide; Carbon Monoxide; Sulfur Dioxide; Ozone; Air Pollution; Air Pollutants; Environmental Exposure; Premature Birth; Air Pollution, Indoor; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Cardiovascular Diseases; Sulfur
PubMed: 36437665
DOI: 10.1111/ina.13170 -
Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics 2023This study aimed to update the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and gastric cancer (GC). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
This study aimed to update the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and gastric cancer (GC).
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from 1990 to December 2021 to identify prospective studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were summarized to validate the relationship between H. pylori infection and GC.
RESULTS
Including 27 studies, findings indicated a strong link between H. pylori and non-cardia gastric cancer (NCGC) in both Europe/North America (OR=5.37, 95%CI:4.39-6.57) and Asia (OR = 2.50, 95%CI:1.89-3.32), and a positive association with cardia gastric cancer (CGC) in Asia (OR = 1.74, 95%CI:1.38-2.19), but an inverse association in European/American populations (OR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.51 to 0.79). Furthermore, the strength of association was greater in studies that detected H. pylori by immunoblotting versus ELISA, and also in studies testing for H. pylori detection further back in time prior to cancer diagnosis (Ptrend<0.05). Approximately 79% of NCGC in Asia and 87% in Europe/North America, along with 62% of CGC in Asia, could be attributable to H. pylori infection.
CONCLUSIONS
The meta-analysis supports the significant attributable risk of H. pylori infection for GC and underscores the potential impact of targeting H. pylori in GC prevention programs.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION
CRD42021274120.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Cardia; Helicobacter pylori; Prospective Studies; Helicobacter Infections; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37905778
DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2277377 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jul 2021Social functioning impairment has been described in several psychiatric illness, including depressive disorders. It is associated with a deterioration in global... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Social functioning impairment has been described in several psychiatric illness, including depressive disorders. It is associated with a deterioration in global functioning and quality of life, thus there is a growing interest in psychosocial functioning remediation interventions. This systematic review aims to review all psychotherapeutic, pharmacological and biological social functioning interventions in depressive disorders.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus from the first articles to 2019 following the PRISMA guidelines. 72 original papers were extracted from an initial number of 1827, based on the selected eligibility criteria.
RESULTS
A growing body of research was observed in the last 10 years, with most studies showing a low level of scientific evidence. The main diagnosis found was major depressive disorder and the principal social cognition domains assessed were emotional processing and attributional style. The type of intervention most found was the pharmacological one, followed by psychotherapeutic interventions classified as "non-specific. The efficacy of treatments showed an improvement in depressive symptoms and positive results for emotional processing and attributional style.
LIMITATIONS
Because there is a lack of well-controlled designs and really few interventions focusing on its remediation, and low homogeneity on the assessment of social aspects across, a comparison of results and the extraction of general conclusions is quite difficult.
CONCLUSIONS
Although a promising body of literature has been developed in recent years on the improvement of psychosocial functioning in patients with depressive disorders, more studies are needed to clarify relevant aspects in this area.
Topics: Cognition; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Quality of Life; Social Perception
PubMed: 33991945
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.052 -
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 2023to analyze the concept of "early diagnosis of HIV/Aids infection" in light of Walker and Avant's conceptual analysis model.
OBJECTIVES
to analyze the concept of "early diagnosis of HIV/Aids infection" in light of Walker and Avant's conceptual analysis model.
METHODS
concept analysis study based on the framework proposed by Walker and Avant, instrumented by a scoping review conducted in April 2022, following the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute and checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. The search was made in eight data sources, obtaining sixteen articles.
RESULTS
the study found homosexual intercourses, early examination, anti-HIV antibodies, CD4 count, and sexually transmitted infection as the main attributes of the concept. As antecedents: information, risky behavior, unprotected sexual relations, prevention, and access to the service. As main consequences: antiretroviral treatment, seroconversion, transmission, and consultations.
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
the study approached the circumstantial situations of the theme, its attributes, antecedents, and consequences, qualifying the work process based on knowledge of nursing practice.
Topics: Humans; Concept Formation; Early Diagnosis; HIV Infections; Risk-Taking; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 37556698
DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0565 -
Patient Education and Counseling Jul 2023Trust is an essential part of the physician-patient relationship. Yet physicians' perspectives in physician-patient trust has always been ignored, and the concept has... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Trust is an essential part of the physician-patient relationship. Yet physicians' perspectives in physician-patient trust has always been ignored, and the concept has not yet been clearly defined and analyzed. This study explores the conceptual understanding of physicians' trust in patients in the context of healthcare and clinical practice and provides a theoretical frameworks foundation for practitioners and researchers.
METHODS
Seven databases were systematically searched for relevant studies, including Pubmed, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang and Weipu. Walker and Avant's approach to concept analysis was performed to extract the concept attributes, antecedents, consequences, and define empirical referents.
RESULTS
Of the 8028 articles identified, 43 met the inclusion criteria. Five core attributes were identified: (a) Interaction and support; (b) Confidence and expectation in building trust; (c) Motivation for medical treatment; (d) Socially and medically epistemic competence of patients; (e) Self-reported accuracy. Antecedents were divided into a physician-patient relationship and the social context of medicine. Consequences included treatment outcomes, patient outcomes, and treatment efficiency for physicians and patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings offer insights into refining the concept of trust. By collaborating across healthcare trusts, we can contribute to the development of theoretical models and empirical research. This concept analysis serves as a foundation to develop instruments to measure the concept and highlight the need to design a qualitative study and enhancement strategy for physician trust in patients.
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
Trust in Physicians' perspectives is an essential part of the physician-patient relationship. Establishing and strengthening physicians' trust in patients is significant to healthcare and clinical practice. Concept analysis of physicians' trust in patients will give policymakers a more evident concept and understanding of the importance of the trust improvement strategy and guide healthcare managers to improve theoretical development.
Topics: Humans; Physician-Patient Relations; Physicians; Qualitative Research; Self Report
PubMed: 37030060
DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107709 -
JMIR Human Factors Dec 2023Humans currently dominate decision-making in both clinical health services and complex health services such as health policy and health regulation. Many assumptions... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Humans currently dominate decision-making in both clinical health services and complex health services such as health policy and health regulation. Many assumptions inherent in health service models today are underpinned by Ramsey's Expected Utility Theory, a prominent theory in the field of economics that is rooted in rationality. Rational, evidence-based metrics currently dominate the culture of decision-making in health policy and regulation. However, as the COVID-19 pandemic has shown, rational metrics alone may not suffice in making better policy and regulatory decisions. There are ethical and moral considerations and other complex factors that cannot be reduced to evidence-based rationality alone. Therefore, this scoping review was undertaken to identify and map the attributes that influence human decision-making in complex health services.
OBJECTIVE
The objective is to identify and map the attributes that influence human decision-making in complex health services that have been reported in the peer-reviewed literature.
METHODS
This scoping review was designed to answer the following research question: what attributes have been reported in the literature that influence human decision-making in complex health services? A clear, reproducible methodology is provided. It is reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) standards and a recognized framework. As the topic of interest merited broad review to scope and understand literature from a holistic viewpoint, a scoping review of literature was appropriate here. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed, and a database search undertaken within 4 search systems-ProQuest, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science.
RESULTS
The results span 46 years, from 1976 to 2022. A total of 167 papers were identified. After removing duplicates, 81 papers remained. Of these, 77 papers were excluded based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The remaining 4 papers were found to be relevant. Citation tracking was undertaken, identifying 4 more relevant papers. Thus, a total of 8 papers were included. These papers were reviewed in detail to identify the human attributes mentioned and count the frequency of mentions. A thematic analysis was conducted to identify the themes.
CONCLUSIONS
The results highlight key themes that underline the complex and nuanced nature of human decision-making. The results suggest that rationality is entrenched and may influence the lexicon of our thinking about decision-making. The results also highlight the counter narrative of decision-making underpinned by uniquely human attributes. This may have ramifications for decision-making in complex health services today. The review itself takes a rational approach, and the methods used were suited to this.
INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/42353.
Topics: Humans; Pandemics; Benchmarking; COVID-19; Health Policy; Health Services
PubMed: 38117553
DOI: 10.2196/46490 -
Central Asian Journal of Global Health 2020Psychological aspects are important issues in patients that will have significant effects on disease progression. A new and important psychological concern is... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Psychological aspects are important issues in patients that will have significant effects on disease progression. A new and important psychological concern is self-blame. This review was performed with the aim of systematic review on studies around patient's self-blame.
METHODS
This is a systematic review using international databases including PubMed (since 1950), Scopus (since 2004), Web ofSciences (since 1900), and ProQuest (since 1938) and Irani an databases including SID (since 2004) and Magiran (since 2001). Mesh terms including "patient," "regret," and "guilt" and non-Mesh terms including "self-blame attribution," "characterological self-blame," "behavioral self-blame," and "blame" were used in Iranian and international databases with OR and AND operators.
RESULTS
The review yielded 59 articles; 15 articles were included in the present study. The ages of patients ranged from 29-68.4 years. Most of studies (86.6%) had cross-sectional design and use characterological self-blame and behavioral self-blame variablesfor assessing self-blame attributions. The results showed that in most studies, a significant relationship among self-blame and psychological distress, anxiety, and depression were reported.
CONCLUSIONS
A significant relation was reported between self-blaming and the degree of distress, anxiety, and depression in patients in most of the studies.
PubMed: 35866087
DOI: 10.5195/cajgh.2020.419 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2023Metacognition is the ability to reflect on one's own cognitive processes, monitor and regulate them to enhance mental performance. Social cognition involves the capacity...
INTRODUCTION
Metacognition is the ability to reflect on one's own cognitive processes, monitor and regulate them to enhance mental performance. Social cognition involves the capacity to perceive and respond to social cues from others. The study of metacognition and social cognition is an expanding research field in psychiatry. Both domains are related to neurocognition, symptoms and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia. Understanding the relationship between social cognition and metacognition may be pivotal for enhancing the treatment of cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia.
METHODS
We conducted a PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis on quantitative studies comparing metacognition to social cognitive outcomes in adult outpatients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Reports were retrieved from the Medline, ScienceDirect and PsycINFO databases up to July 13th, 2023. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane tool.
RESULTS
Our review included 1,036 participants across 17 reports, with 12 reports included in the meta-analysis. We found a significant positive correlation ( = 0.28, 95% CI: [0.14, 0.41]) between social cognition and metacognition. Subgroup analyses indicated that metacognition was specifically associated with theory of mind, attribution, and emotion processing. Different patterns of correlations were observed according to the assessment of metacognition and its subdimensions.
CONCLUSION
Despite discrepancies among the included studies, no publication bias was detected. The results suggest that metacognition and social cognition are distinct but related constructs. Those processes should be assessed and treated together, along with neurocognition, in schizophrenia.
PubMed: 38188042
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1285993 -
Cureus Sep 2023This systematic review aimed to synthesize and analyze a collection of studies focused on comparing conventional veneers (CVs) and minimal or no-preparation veneers... (Review)
Review
This systematic review aimed to synthesize and analyze a collection of studies focused on comparing conventional veneers (CVs) and minimal or no-preparation veneers (MPVs) within the domain of prosthodontics. The review sought to explore various attributes, techniques, outcomes, and considerations associated with these two approaches. The key aspects investigated included esthetics, longevity, periodontal health, patient satisfaction, structural influences such as microleakage and marginal fit, cement thickness, and color stability. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to the present date. Studies meeting specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for review. Studies pertaining to various methodologies were identified initially as part of the strategy and bias assessment was performed to determine the credibility of their assessments before inclusion in this review. Four comparative assessments gleaned from the selected studies provided a comprehensive overview of the strengths and limitations associated with CVs and MPVs. MPVs demonstrated advantages such as enhanced survival rates and extended mean success periods, implying their potential as viable long-term restorative options. Meticulous patient management and optimal preparation techniques emerged as crucial factors influencing successful outcomes. Structural attributes, including microleakage and marginal fit, varied depending on the preparation techniques employed. Moreover, considerations related to color changes in veneers underscored the intricate interplay between material properties and fabrication methods. The insights underscore the significance of patient-centric care, precision preparation methodologies, and material choices in guiding successful outcomes. However, the diverse methodologies and constraints of certain studies warrant careful interpretation. This study accentuates the potential for future research directions, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the advancement of evidence-based practices within veneer dentistry.
PubMed: 37799216
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44638 -
JAMA Surgery Dec 2023Morbidity and mortality conferences (MMCs) are thought to advance trainee education, quality improvement (QI), and faculty development. However, there is considerable...
IMPORTANCE
Morbidity and mortality conferences (MMCs) are thought to advance trainee education, quality improvement (QI), and faculty development. However, there is considerable variability with regard to their completion.
OBJECTIVE
To compile and analyze the literature describing the format, design, and other attributes of MMCs that appear to best advance their stated objectives related to QI and practitioner education.
EVIDENCE REVIEW
For this systematic review, a literature search with terms combining conference and QI or morbidity and mortality was performed in January 2022, using the PubMed, Embase, and ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) databases with no date restrictions. Included studies were published in English and described surgical or nonsurgical MMCs with explicit reference to quality or system improvement, education, professional development, or patient outcomes; these studies were classified by design as survey based, intervention based, or other methodologies. For survey-based studies, positively and negatively regarded attributes of conference design, format, and completion were extracted. For intervention-based studies, details of the intervention and their impact on stated MMC objectives were abstracted. Principal study findings were summarized for the other group. Study quality was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI). Abstract screening, full-text review, and data extraction and analysis were completed between January 2022 and December 2022.
FINDINGS
A total of 59 studies met appropriateness for study inclusion. The mean MERSQI score for the included studies was 6.7 (range, 5.0-9.5) of a maximum possible 18, which implied that the studies were of average quality. The evidence suggested that preparation and postconference follow-up regarding QI initiatives are equally as important as both (1) succinctly presenting case details, opportunities for improvement, and educational topics and (2) creating a constructive space for accountability, engagement, and multistakeholder discussion.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
These findings suggest that the published literature on MMCs provides substantial insight into the optimal format, design, and related attributes of an effective MMC. This systematic review provides a road map for surgical departments to improve MMCs in order to align their format and design with their principal objectives related to practitioner and trainee education, error prevention, and QI.
Topics: Humans; Morbidity; Quality Improvement; Congresses as Topic; Mortality
PubMed: 37851458
DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2023.4672