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Journal of Dentistry Sep 2021(i) To undertake a comprehensive scoping review of the literature that addresses the research question 'What is the current state of environmental sustainability in... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
(i) To undertake a comprehensive scoping review of the literature that addresses the research question 'What is the current state of environmental sustainability in general dental practice?' (ii) To provide an effective baseline of data that will consider general awareness, barriers and challenges for the implementation of sustainable practice.
DATA & SOURCES
The scoping review was conducted for all published literature in the English language that addresses this topic up to the 31st April 2021. The method of the PRISMA-ScR (PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews) was followed. 128 papers included in this scoping review consisted of: Commentary [Letters, editorials, communication and opinion] (n = 39); Research (n = 60); Literature reviews (n = 25); Reports [Policy and legislation] (n = 4). Each included record was analysed for emerging themes that were further classified according to their general relevance. The scoping review is considered over two manuscripts, with this first paper focusing on awareness of the problem and barriers or challenges to the implementation of sustainable care.
CONCLUSIONS
Eight diverse but closely interlinked themes that influence the sustainability of oral health provision were identified: Environmental impacts (COe, air and water); Reduce, reuse, recycle and rethink; Policy and guidelines; Biomedical waste management; Plastics (SUPs); Procurement; Research & Education; Materials. Barriers to implementation were identified as: Lack of professional and public awareness; carbon emissions arising from patient and staff commute; challenges associated with the recovery and recycling of biomedical waste with a focus on SUPs; lack of knowledge and education into sustainable healthcare provision and; the challenges from the manufacturing, use and disposal of dental materials.
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Dentistry; Humans; Oral Health; Research Design; Research Report
PubMed: 34182058
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103735 -
Reviews on Environmental Health Dec 2021The objective of the study was to identify and analyse the research done on the occurrence of cancer among pesticide applicators by conducting a systematic review of the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The objective of the study was to identify and analyse the research done on the occurrence of cancer among pesticide applicators by conducting a systematic review of the scientific literature. PRISMA Guidelines was followed to conduct the study. Search was done in Scopus, PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases with search terms "PESTICIDE APPLICATORS", "CANCER" using Boolean operator "AND". Meta-analysis and review articles were excluded from the study. A total of 32 studies were identified among which the average sample size was found to be 60,521. Increased RRs/ORs and positive exposure-response relationships were observed for 31 pesticides. Organophosphate and organochlorine classes of pesticides were the most to be associated with cancer. Lung cancer was observed the most followed by prostate, multiple myeloma and colon cancers among pesticide applicators. It was concluded that there is an increased risk of cancer among the pesticide applicators, whereby which bringing into focus the need to educate and train the workers on following adequate safety measures and making them aware of the hazardous chemicals. Further evaluation on the carcinogenicity of pesticides is also required.
Topics: Agricultural Workers' Diseases; Hazardous Substances; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Occupational Exposure; Pesticides
PubMed: 34821114
DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0121 -
Diabetes Therapy : Research, Treatment... Sep 2020Unhealthy behaviors, such as energy-dense food choices and a sedentary lifestyle, both of which are established risk factors for diabetes, are common and increasing... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Unhealthy behaviors, such as energy-dense food choices and a sedentary lifestyle, both of which are established risk factors for diabetes, are common and increasing among Nepalese adults. Previous studies have reported a wide variation in the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes in Nepal, and thus a more reliable pooled estimate is needed. Furthermore, Nepal underwent federalization in 2015, and the province-specific prevalence, which is necessary for the de novo provincial government to formulate local health policies, is lacking. This study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current literature on various aspects of diabetes in Nepal, i.e., the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes as well as of the awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes in Nepal.
METHODS
This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched three electronic databases-PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science-using a comprehensive search strategy to identify eligible studies published up to April 2, 2020. Data on prevalence estimates of prediabetes and diabetes were extracted and pooled in a meta-analysis using a random effect model. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted to assess heterogeneity across the studies. The quality of included studies was assessed using the New Castle-Ottawa scale.
RESULTS
We included 14 eligible studies that comprised a total of 44,129 participants and 3517 diabetes cases. Half of the included studies had good quality. Overall, the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes was 9.2% (95% CI 6.6-12.6%) and 8.5% (95% CI 6.9-10.4%), respectively. Among the participants with diabetes, only 52.7% (95% CI 41.7-63.4%) were aware of their diabetes status, and 45.3% (95% CI 31.6-59.8%) were taking antidiabetic medications. Nearly one-third of those under antidiabetic treatment (36.7%; 95% CI 21.3-53.3%) had their blood glucose under control. The prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes gradually increased with increasing age and was more prevalent among males and urban residents. There was a wide variation in diabetes prevalence across the provinces in Nepal, the lowest 2% in Province 6 to the highest 10% in Province 3 and Province 4.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes was high in Nepal, while its awareness, treatment, and control were low. Our findings call for urgent nationwide public health action in Nepal.
PubMed: 32712902
DOI: 10.1007/s13300-020-00884-0 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Nov 2022Mind-body interventions have shown efficacy in many conditions that have psychosomatic mechanisms, as well as for other pathologies. The aim of this study was to assess... (Review)
Review
Mind-body interventions have shown efficacy in many conditions that have psychosomatic mechanisms, as well as for other pathologies. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of meditation/mindfulness at improving the symptoms severity, quality of life and other associated mood and mental conditions, measured in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A systematic review of randomized controlled trials in adult participants with IBS was conducted. Eight databases were searched for articles. We performed a meta-analysis evaluating the effects of meditation-based therapy on symptomatology, quality of life, anxiety and depression. Out of 604 articles screened, six were selected for quantitative review. The standardized mean difference (SMD) of the mindfulness group and the control group was of -36.95 (95% CI -74.61-0.7), = 0.054 regarding the IBS symptom score; of 12.58 (95% CI 4.42-20.74), = 0.003 regarding the IBS quality of life; SMD = 2.8 (95% CI 1.01-4.6), = 0.002 for spiritual scale; and of 15.49 (95% CI -28.43--2.55), = 0.019 regarding the pain score in IBS. Our study found that the quality of life and the spiritual scale scores (i.e., mindful awareness) were statistically significantly higher in the mindfulness group, while the pain score was statistically significantly lower in the mindfulness group.
PubMed: 36362745
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216516 -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Sep 2023Suggested anaesthetic dose ranges do not differ by sex, likely because of limited studies comparing sexes. Our objective was to systematically synthesise studies with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Suggested anaesthetic dose ranges do not differ by sex, likely because of limited studies comparing sexes. Our objective was to systematically synthesise studies with outcomes of unintended anaesthesia awareness under anaesthesia, intraoperative connected consciousness, time to emergence from anaesthesia, and dosing to achieve adequate depth of anaesthesia, and to compare between females and males.
METHODS
Studies were identified from MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane library databases until August 2, 2022. Controlled clinical trials (randomised/non-randomised) and prospective cohort studies that reported outcomes by sex were included. Results were synthesised by random effects meta-analysis where possible, or narrative form.
RESULTS
Of the 19 749 studies identified, 64 (98 243 participants; 53 143 females and 45 100 males) were eligible for inclusion, and 44 citations contributed to meta-analysis. Females had a higher incidence of awareness with postoperative recall (33 studies, odds ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.75) and connected consciousness during anaesthesia (three studies, OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.04-4.23) than males. Time to emergence was faster in females, including time to eye-opening (10 studies, mean difference -2.28 min, 95% CI -3.58 to -0.98), and time to response to command (six studies, mean difference -2.84 min, 95% CI -4.07 to -1.62). Data on depth of anaesthesia were heterogenous, limiting synthesis to a qualitative review which did not identify sex differences.
CONCLUSIONS
Female sex was associated with a greater incidence of awareness under general anaesthesia, and faster emergence from anaesthesia. These data suggest reappraisal of anaesthetic care, including whether similar drug dosing for females and males represents best care.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42022336087.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Prospective Studies; Anesthetics; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesiology
PubMed: 37453840
DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.06.042 -
Evidence-based Dentistry Sep 2022Introduction As an attempt to provide supporting evidence for the formulation of future educational strategies on knowledge translation, this systematic review assessed... (Review)
Review
Introduction As an attempt to provide supporting evidence for the formulation of future educational strategies on knowledge translation, this systematic review assessed and synthesised the available evidence related to the dentists' awareness, perceived and actual knowledge of evidence-based dentistry (EBD) principles, methods and practices.Methods Primary studies that considered dentists' reports collected from interviews, questionnaires, or conversation sessions were selected. Studies enrolling students, dental hygienists, or other health professionals were not included. Reviews, editorials, letters, study protocols, articles presenting knowledge translation strategies and initiatives, examples of EBD approaches to specific clinical questions, and guidelines focused on EBD implementation were also excluded. Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched. Grey literature was partially covered by the Google Scholar search and the reference lists of the pre-selected studies. The study search was concluded in February 2021. Descriptive data of the selected studies were synthesised, and the risk of bias was assessed according to the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies.Results Twenty-one articles were included. High percentages of dentists were aware of EBD. Variable proportions of professionals declared to have some understanding of EBD, although few presented actual knowledge of principles, methods and practices.Discussion Methodologically, most studies presented limitations regarding sample representativity, participation rates, detailing of the outcome measures, and validation of the assessment tools. Additionally, extensive overall ranges of responses were often observed across the studies, possibly as a result of heterogeneity across samples and assessment tools. The authors thus suggest developing valid questionnaires including all dimensions (awareness, perceived knowledge and actual knowledge) within an assessment tool. This would contribute to establishing knowledge translation strategies to overcome specific gaps in EBD knowledge.
PubMed: 36138157
DOI: 10.1038/s41432-022-0821-2 -
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2023Researchers have conducted a considerable number of epidemiological studies on dyslipidemia in China over recent years. Nevertheless, a representative study to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Researchers have conducted a considerable number of epidemiological studies on dyslipidemia in China over recent years. Nevertheless, a representative study to comprehensively appraise for the epidemiological status of dyslipidemia is still lacked. This meta-analysis is intended to explore the pooled prevalence, rates of awareness, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia among adults in Chinese Mainland.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review was performed on relevant cross-sectional studies published since January 2012 by searching six authoritative literature databases. Meta-analyses were conducted in included studies based on a random-effect model to summarize the epidemiological status of dyslipidemia in China. A potential source of heterogeneity was detected by subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Publication bias was assessed by 's test and funnel plots. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the study quality's influence on the pooled estimate of prevalence and rates of awareness, treatment, and control.
RESULTS
Forty-one original researches with a total of 1,310,402 Chinese participants were finally included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence, rates of awareness, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia were 42.1%, 18.2%, 11.6%, and 5.4%, respectively. With a pooled prevalence estimate at 24.5%, low HDL-C was the most prevalent among various dyslipidemia types, followed by hypertriglyceridemia (TG) (15.4%), hypercholesterolemia (TC) (8.3%), and high LDL-C (7.1%). The pooled prevalence of elevated serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] was 19.4%. By gender, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 47.3% in males and 38.8% in females. Subgroup analyses revealed that the prevalence in southern and urban areas were higher than their counterparts. Females and population in urban areas tended to possess higher rates of awareness, treatment, and control. Meta-regression analyses suggested that the year of screening influenced prevalence estimates for dyslipidemia. The impact of the study's quality on the pooled estimates is insignificant.
CONCLUSION
Our study suggested a severe epidemic situation of dyslipidemia among adults in Chinese Mainland. More importantly, the awareness, treatment, and control rates were extremely low, revealing that dyslipidemia is a grave health issue. Consequently, we should attach more importance to the management of dyslipidemia, especially in economically underdeveloped areas.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO [CRD42022366456].
PubMed: 37476570
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1186330 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2022Body image involves perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs concerning one's body, while body schema involves the sensorimotor capacities to control movement and posture. A... (Review)
Review
Body image involves perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs concerning one's body, while body schema involves the sensorimotor capacities to control movement and posture. A review study is needed to obtain sufficient data to determine the effect of body awareness on the normal development of children. This study is a systematic review of interventions related to body awareness among typically developing children. Studies focusing on interventions related to body awareness from 2010 to 2021 were analyzed and extracted from four major scientific databases, and the three that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Methods were analyzed by frequency, and the results were analyzed by calculating effect sizes. Two studies involved a nonrandomized two-group design and a single-case experimental study. Two studies targeted early childhood, and one study focused on middle childhood. This review indicates that determining the effectiveness of interventions related to body awareness is necessary for typically developing children because body awareness is a potential influencing factor in their development. Additional research is needed to determine the effectiveness of body awareness assessment tools and interventions.
Topics: Attitude; Awareness; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans
PubMed: 35897271
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158900 -
Health Promotion International Dec 2021Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death. Barriers to the early presentation for LC include lack of symptom awareness, symptom misappraisal, poor... (Review)
Review
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death. Barriers to the early presentation for LC include lack of symptom awareness, symptom misappraisal, poor relationship with doctors and lack of access to healthcare services. Addressing such barriers can help detect LC early. This systematic review describes the effect of recent interventions to improve LC awareness, help-seeking and early detection. This review was guided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, APA PsycARTICLES, APA PsycInfo and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection were searched. Sixteen studies were included. Knowledge of LC was successfully promoted in most studies using educational sessions and campaigns. LC screening uptake varied with most studies successfully reducing decision conflicts using decision aids. Large campaigns, including UK-based campaign 'Be Clear on Cancer', were instrumental in enhancing LC awareness, promoting help-seeking and yielding an increase in chest X-rays and a decrease in the number of individuals diagnosed with advanced LC. Multimodal public health interventions, such as educational campaigns are best suited to raise awareness, reduce barriers to help-seeking and help detect LC early. Future interventions ought to incorporate targeted information using educational resources, face-to-face counselling and video- and web-based decision aids.
Topics: Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Lung Neoplasms
PubMed: 33647930
DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab016 -
Cureus Dec 2022Child abuse represents a serious problem worldwide. In Arab countries, the problem is complicated because abuse may be perceived as a method of discipline. This review... (Review)
Review
Child abuse represents a serious problem worldwide. In Arab countries, the problem is complicated because abuse may be perceived as a method of discipline. This review aimed to describe awareness of the public in Saudi Arabia regarding child abuse. A search was performed in the databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Academic Search Complete (EBSCOhost), and Web of Science for articles published in English from the 1 of January, 2000, to the 14 of November, 2022. The search was conducted during the period from the 7 to the 14 of November 2022. The used search words were {"Child Abuse"} AND {"Saudi Arabia"} AND {"awareness"}. The risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the Risk of Bias Instrument for Cross-Sectional Surveys of Attitudes and Practices. Six studies were included in this review. Most studies had high ROB in recruiting the participants, designing the questionnaires, and stating the rate of response. The awareness regarding physical abuse seemed fair in most studies, but the awareness about shaken baby syndrome was poor. Also, there was a misconception about the parent's right to discipline their children through corporal punishment. Most participants did not perceive a need for establishing protective laws or programs. Public awareness about emotional abuse and neglect was lower than in cases of physical abuse. The overall knowledge about child abuse seems to be fair, but poor knowledge was observed in some forms, such as shaken baby syndrome. The public concepts about physical punishment and the need for protective laws and programs are also negative and require more efforts to alter them.
PubMed: 36654577
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32550