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Clinical Psychology Review Jul 2021The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the role of emotion (dys)regulation in gambling disorder (GD). PsycINFO,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the role of emotion (dys)regulation in gambling disorder (GD). PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed were systematically searched for articles published until November 3, 2020. Forty-nine studies were considered for the systematic review; of these, 38 comprising 5242 participants met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Associations were found between GD and specific emotion regulation (ER) deficits, namely (1) nonacceptance of negative emotional states, (2) difficulties in maintaining goal-directed behaviors when faced with intense emotional contexts, (3) lack of clarity about emotional states (poor emotional awareness), (4) low impulse control in reaction to negative emotional states, and (5) difficulties in accessing adaptive ER strategies. We furthermore found that GD is associated with a tendency for emotional suppression, which is known as a maladaptive ER strategy and linked with reduced mindfulness abilities. Additional moderator analyses were conducted regarding age, gender, type of instrument used to measure GD, clinical status of the samples, and quality of the studies. Overall, the data demonstrated consistent and significant associations between GD and ER. This systematic review and meta-analysis mostly supports the conceptualization of GD as an addictive disorder characterized by ER deficits and stresses the need to develop interventions in ER deficits that are tailored to the specificities of GD.
Topics: Behavior, Addictive; Emotional Regulation; Emotions; Gambling; Humans; Mindfulness
PubMed: 34022642
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102037 -
PloS One 2021Hypertension is a major health problem in Ghana, being a leading cause of admissions and deaths in the country. In the context of a changing food and health policy... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Hypertension is a major health problem in Ghana, being a leading cause of admissions and deaths in the country. In the context of a changing food and health policy environment, we undertook a systematic review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020177174) and a meta-analysis of the prevalence of adult hypertension, and its awareness and control in Ghana.
METHODS
We searched major databases including PubMed, Embase as well as Google Scholar and online digital collections of public universities of Ghana to locate relevant published and unpublished community-based articles up till April 2020.
FINDINGS
Eighty-five articles involving 82,045 apparently-healthy subjects aged 15-100 years were analyzed. In individual studies, the prevalence of hypertension, defined in most cases as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg, ranged from 2.8% to 67.5%. The pooled prevalence from the meta-analysis was 27.0% (95% CI 24.0%-30.0%), being twice as high in the coastal (28%, 95% CI: 24.0%-31.0%) and middle geo-ecological belts (29%, 95% CI: 25.0%-33.0%) as in the northern belt (13%, 95% CI: 7.0%-21.0%). The prevalence was similar by sex, urban-rural residence or peer-review status of the included studies. It did not appear to vary over the study year period 1976-2019. Of the subjects with hypertension, only 35% (95% CI: 29.0%-41.0%) were aware of it, 22% (95% CI: 16.0%-29.0%) were on treatment and 6.0% (95% CI: 3.0%-10.0%) had their blood pressure controlled. Sensitivity analyses corroborated the robust estimates. There was, however, high heterogeneity (I2 = 98.7%) across the studies which was partly explained by prevalent obesity in the subjects.
CONCLUSION
More than one in four adults in Ghana have hypertension. This high prevalence has persisted for decades and is similar in rural and urban populations. With the low awareness and poor control of hypertension, greater investments in cardiovascular health are required if Ghana is to meet the global target for hypertension.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Awareness; Female; Ghana; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Prevalence; Rural Population; Sex Factors
PubMed: 33667277
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248137 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Nov 2020Suicide risk screening in healthcare settings plays a significant role in suicide prevention. Healthcare staff who are poorly informed about self-harm and suicide risk... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Suicide risk screening in healthcare settings plays a significant role in suicide prevention. Healthcare staff who are poorly informed about self-harm and suicide risk are less likely to identify and subsequently screen at-risk individuals. This mixed-method systematic review aimed to appraise and synthesise evidence from studies that explored and promoted healthcare staff's knowledge and awareness of suicide and self-harm risk in healthcare settings.
METHODS
Electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, APA PsycARTICLES, Psychology and behavioural Science Collection, ERIC, and SocINDEX), the Cochrane Library, and various grey literature databases were searched for relevant studies. The level of evidence and methodological quality of the included studies were assessed.
RESULTS
Eighteen empirical studies were included. Levels of knowledge about suicide and self-harm risk varied significantly across the reviewed studies. Face-to-face group training and educational programmes, digital or online educational programmes, and an educational poster campaign were amongst the strategies used to promote awareness of suicide and self-harm risk, with the majority marginally succeeding in doing so.
LIMITATIONS
The reviewed studies were heterogeneous in terms of design, interventions, and outcome measures which made it difficult to make comparisons. The overall level of scientific evidence was classified as being relatively low. The lack of blinding and lack of a control group were amongst the limitations for experimental studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Long-term, routine face-to-face group training programmes should be established to educate healthcare staff about suicide risk across all professions and in specific patient groups.
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Health Facilities; Humans; Self-Injurious Behavior; Suicide Prevention
PubMed: 32739708
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.113 -
Breast Cancer (Dove Medical Press) 2023Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer worldwide, and second most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Early detection of BC... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer worldwide, and second most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Early detection of BC significantly improves prognosis; thus, awareness is an important aspect of BC morbidity and survival as well as the economic burden. This systematic review aimed to explore awareness of BC among women in Saudi Arabia.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A systematic search was performed using Medline, Scopus, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and Google Scholar for all cross-sectional studies conducted in Saudi Arabia, published after the year 2000 and in English. The quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the AXIS tool.
RESULTS
The total number of included articles after full-text assessment was 13 articles that were conducted between 2005 and 2022. The sample size of all the articles was 7,562 women. All the studies categorized BC awareness into low, moderate, and high groups. The level of low awareness among women reached 66.3% (n=2808), 13.5% (n=570) had moderate awareness levels, and 20.2% (n=858) had high awareness levels. Furthermore, 59.4% (n=1446) of the participants did not perform breast self-examination (BSE) regularly.
CONCLUSION
The level of awareness and knowledge regarding BC and BSE was significantly low among women in Saudi Arabia, as all included studies except one have indicated. We highly recommend and urge the implementation of effective special programs and campaigns to raise awareness regarding BC and integrating BSE into school health programs dedicated to women living in Saudi Arabia.
PubMed: 38111500
DOI: 10.2147/BCTT.S426079 -
Journal of Nutrition Education and... Aug 2023The aims of this systematic review were 2-fold: (1) evaluate the effect of vitamin D educational interventions on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentration in...
INTRODUCTION
The aims of this systematic review were 2-fold: (1) evaluate the effect of vitamin D educational interventions on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentration in adolescents (aged 10-19 years) and adults, and (2) assess the association between serum 25-OHD concentration and vitamin D knowledge, awareness of vitamin D deficiency risk, and attitudes toward behaviors associated with acquiring vitamin D.
METHODS
Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched for studies reporting associations between serum 25-OHD concentration and vitamin D knowledge, awareness, and attitudes. Results were summarized narratively. Effect sizes were calculated when data were available.
RESULTS
Eight studies reported experimental effects (2 randomized controlled trials, 1 cluster randomized trial, 4 quasi-experiments, 1 clinical audit), and 14 reported cross-sectional associations. Seven of 8 interventions reported no effect of educational interventions on serum 25-OHD concentration. A slight majority (53%; κ = 19) of studies reported statistically significant associations between serum 25-OHD concentration and vitamin D knowledge and attitudes.
IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
The few educational interventions employed to increase serum 25-OHD concentration lack effectiveness. Future studies may use randomized controlled trial designs, enroll those at risk for vitamin D insufficiency and underrepresented in the literature, increase the salience of the information to the target population, and include safe sun exposure recommendations.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Cross-Sectional Studies; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins; Attitude; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37389497
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.04.010 -
Iranian Journal of Public Health May 2024We aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge, awareness, and perceptions regarding osteoporosis (OP) and risk factors in China. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
We aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge, awareness, and perceptions regarding osteoporosis (OP) and risk factors in China.
METHODS
The databases of PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of science, VIP, and CNKI were searched for papers published before December 2022 using Chinese and English keywords and their combinations: "knowledge", "osteoporosis", "risk factor", "bone health", "perception", "awareness". The levels of knowledge, awareness, and perception about OP, as well as risk factors, clinical symptoms, and health information sources were narratively synthesized.
RESULTS
Sixteen papers were finally included for analysis. Participants all showed poor levels of knowledge and perception regarding osteoporosis and risk factors. Investigation of clinical symptoms was rarely involved in the included studies due to the asymptomatic features of OP. The findings also suggest a strong association between poor level of knowledge regarding OP and educational attainment, type of participant, and gender. The majority of participants are increasingly turning to the Internet and social media to access information about OP.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this paper provide useful information for intervention providers to prevent and control OP and encourage them to carry out health promotion campaigns to enhance knowledge and awareness of OP.
PubMed: 38912142
DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i5.15581 -
International Journal of Pediatric... Nov 2021The management of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can be challenging in the pediatric population. It is of utmost importance to keep in mind various management... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The management of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can be challenging in the pediatric population. It is of utmost importance to keep in mind various management options as these lesions can have disastrous outcomes. This is a systematic review of the treatment AVMs describing the current practices so that practitioners can be aware of what is currently reported in the literature. The challenges of AVM management can be mitigated when approaching these patients through a multidisciplinary team-based approach.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was performed using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to gain insight into pediatric mandibular AVMs. Demographics, arterial involvement, clinical symptoms, imaging, treatment, complications, follow-up, and outcomes were reviewed.
RESULTS
63 articles were included in the systematic review with 106 distinct cases. The age range was from 3 to 17 years with a mean of 12 years. 51% of the patients were female. The most common clinical presentation was emergency hemorrhage (37.4%), swelling or edema (33.0%), and persistent bleeding (31.9%). The most common CT findings were osteolytic changes and radiolucencies (60.8%). With regards to treatment, 56.6% of patients had embolization alone and 34.9% were treated with embolization in combination with other surgical treatments. Of the patients who had surgical resection of the lesion, 50% had resection followed by reconstruction, 23.7% had curettage of the lesion, and 13.2% had resection/curettage then immediate reimplantation of the mandible segment. The most common complications after intervention included bleeding in 17.9% of patients and infection in 8.3% of patients. 89.5% of patients were clinically cured without recurrence at follow-up.
CONCLUSION
Diagnosing AVMs can be difficult as they have variable clinical and radiographical presentations. Although rare, because of risk of massive hemorrhage, it is important for healthcare professionals to be aware of this pathology. Many surgical techniques, routes of embolization, embolic material, and other experimental therapies have been described and this review shows that the most cases had embolization as a part of the treatment. The role of therapies targeted at the molecular level still needs to be further explored.
Topics: Adolescent; Arteriovenous Malformations; Child; Child, Preschool; Embolization, Therapeutic; Female; Humans; Mandible; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34673419
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110942 -
Journal of Education and Health... 2021Oral health practitioners are at the frontline of infection, particularly with respiratory viruses such as the novel coronavirus. Knowledge, awareness, and attitude of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Oral health practitioners are at the frontline of infection, particularly with respiratory viruses such as the novel coronavirus. Knowledge, awareness, and attitude of these workers are considered important in preventing and controlling the outbreak. This study aims to review the literature to provide a better understanding of the status of dentists and other oral health practitioners' knowledge, attitude, and awareness about COVID-19.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted through Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest up to May 6, 2020. All the knowledge, attitude, and practice studies on oral health workers about respiratory contagious outbreak the same as severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and COVID-19 were included in the meta-analysis.
RESULTS
A total of eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis. 85.5% of the dentists and oral health practitioners had a high level of awareness about virus transmission modes (95% confidence interval [CI]: 78.6%-92.4%; < 0.001). 80.7% of the oral health practitioners gave right answers to the questions related to virus transmission modes (95% CI: 69.9%-91.4%; < 0.001), and 79.9% of the dentists had a positive attitude about virus transmission modes (95% CI: 66.4%-93.4%; < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis shows that the level of dentists and oral health practitioners' knowledge, awareness, and attitude was relatively high about the respiratory contagious diseases as well as COVID-19. The present results can shed further light for policymakers to support the best evidence medical education for all health-care workers the same as oral health practitioners. Preventing the dissemination of misinformation along with preparing comprehensive guidelines can be considered by the oral health policymakers, particularly in the more infected regions.
PubMed: 33688548
DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_939_20 -
BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care Jun 2023One of the barriers to the integration of palliative care within the process of patient care and treatment is the lack of awareness of patients about palliative care. In...
BACKGROUND
One of the barriers to the integration of palliative care within the process of patient care and treatment is the lack of awareness of patients about palliative care. In order to develop efficient resources to improve patient awareness, comprehensive information is required to determine the specific aspects of palliative care where a paucity of evidence on patient awareness exists. This review aims to synthesise evidence from previous studies in order to provide a comprehensive information set about the current state of patient awareness of palliative care.
METHODS
In this systematic literature review, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Magiran, Scientific Information Database(SID) and Islamic Science Citation (ISC) were searched to identify articles published between 2000 and 2021 that considered patients' awareness of palliative care.
RESULTS
Of the 5347 articles found, 22 studies were retained after quality evaluation; three full-text articles were excluded. Nineteen articles are included in this review. More than half of the patients did not have any information about palliative care or hospice care. Some patients accurately defined hospice care and palliative care; other patients had misunderstandings about palliative care. Patients had limited information about pastoral care, social care and bereavement care. Patients' awareness about individuals or centres providing palliative care or hospice care was limited. Video presentation and distribution of information at the community level indicated that this method would be beneficial in increasing the awareness.
CONCLUSION
The review points to the need for patient education programmes and interventional studies to increase patients' awareness.
Topics: Humans; Palliative Care; Hospice Care; Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing; Patients
PubMed: 34635546
DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2021-003072 -
Appetite Mar 2022Concerns about animal welfare and sustainable meat production are growing among consumers. The awareness of carbon emissions linked to livestock and ethical concerns... (Review)
Review
Concerns about animal welfare and sustainable meat production are growing among consumers. The awareness of carbon emissions linked to livestock and ethical concerns have triggered interest in more sustainable meat alternatives, among which cultured meat (also known as laboratory grown meat) is a recent entry. Like any new food, the ultimate success of cultured meat depends on consumer acceptance. This study analyses the peer-reviewed literature on consumer attitudes towards cultured meat to synthesize the existing evidence and identify priorities for future research. A systematic literature review was undertaken using the Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus databases over 2008-2020, resulting in a final number of 43 articles meeting our selection criteria. The most important factors influencing consumer acceptance/rejection of cultured meat include public awareness, perceived naturalness, and food-related risk perception. Ethical and environmental concerns prompted consumers to be willing to pay a premium price for purchasing meat substitutes, but not necessarily cultured meat. Also, food neophobia and uncertainties about safety and health seem to be important barriers to uptake of this technology. Availability of other alternatives such as plant-based meat substitutes and product features, such as price and sensory appeal, are considered determinants of consumer reception of this technology. The effect of demographic factors is mixed. More research on the interrelationships between livestock production, food security, and alternative meat products is recommended.
Topics: Animals; Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder; Consumer Behavior; Food Preferences; Humans; Meat; Meat Products
PubMed: 34863794
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105829