-
Biofouling Oct 2020The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to pool the data on Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in immune response genes associated with dental... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to pool the data on Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in immune response genes associated with dental caries. Nineteen studies were included in the review and 18 in the meta-analysis. Twenty-two SNPs were evaluated, which are linked to six different genes (, , , , and ). Most SNPs (81.8%) are related to the possible functional impact on protein coding. The gene was associated with caries experience in the analysis of the homozygote (OR = 2.12 CI95%[1.12-3.99]) and heterozygote (OR = 2.22 CI95%[1.44-3.44]) genotypes. The gene was associated according to an analysis of the heterozygous genotype (OR = 1.83 CI95%[1.08-3.09]). Thus, SNPs related to immune response genes are linked to the phenotype of caries experience. Although the meta-analysis showed that the genes and were associated with caries, these results should be interpreted with caution due to the quality of the evidence.
Topics: Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Genotype; Humans; Immunity; Mannose-Binding Protein-Associated Serine Proteases; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; beta-Defensins
PubMed: 33327793
DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1856821 -
BMC Medical Genetics Sep 2019Rotator cuff disease is a widespread musculoskeletal pathology and a major cause of shoulder pain. Studies on familial predisposition suggest that genetic plays a role... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Rotator cuff disease is a widespread musculoskeletal pathology and a major cause of shoulder pain. Studies on familial predisposition suggest that genetic plays a role in the pathogenesis of rotator cuff disease. Several genes are responsible for rotator cuff disease. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review on genetic association between rotator cuff disease and genes variations.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was performed, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase and Google Scholar databases were searched comprehensively using the keywords: "Rotator cuff", "Gene", "Genetic", "Predisposition", "Single-nucleotide polymorphism" and "Genome-wide association".
RESULTS
8 studies investigating genes variations associated with rotator cuff tears were included in this review. 6 studies were case-control studies on candidate genes and 2 studies were GWASs. A significant association between SNPs and rotator cuff disease was found for DEFB1, FGFR1, FGFR3, ESRRB, FGF10, MMP-1, TNC, FCRL3, SASH1, SAP30BP, rs71404070 located next to cadherin8. Contradictory results were reported for MMP-3.
CONCLUSION
Further investigations are warranted to identify complete genetic profiles of rotator cuff disease and to clarify the complex interaction between genes, encoded proteins and environment. This may lead to individualized strategies for prevention and treatment of rotator cuff disease.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level IV, Systematic Review.
Topics: Cadherins; Databases, Factual; Fibroblast Growth Factor 10; Genetic Variation; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; Nuclear Proteins; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Immunologic; Rotator Cuff; Rotator Cuff Injuries; Tenascin; Transcription Factors; Tumor Suppressor Proteins; beta-Defensins
PubMed: 31477042
DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0883-y -
Digestion 2021The need for noninvasive markers of disease activity is mandatory in the assessment of Crohn's disease (CD). The most widely fecal biomarker in CD, despite several...
INTRODUCTION
The need for noninvasive markers of disease activity is mandatory in the assessment of Crohn's disease (CD). The most widely fecal biomarker in CD, despite several limits, is fecal calprotectin. This review aims to elucidate the role, if any, of all other fecal biomarkers, as alternative tools for assessing clinical and endoscopic disease activity, and predict capsule endoscopy findings, response to therapy, disease relapse, and postoperative recurrence. These fecal biomarkers included lactoferrin, S100A12, high mobility group box 1, neopterin, polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase, fecal hemoglobin, alpha1-antitrypsin, lysozyme, human beta-defensin-2, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, matrix metalloproteinase-9, chitinase 3-like-1, M2-pyruvate kinase, myeloperoxidase, and eosinophil proteins.
METHODS
A systematic electronic search in the medical literature was performed up to April 2020. Seventy eligible studies were identified out of 859 citations. Data were grouped according to the assessment of clinical and endoscopic disease activity, capsule endoscopy findings, response to therapy, prediction of relapse, and postoperative recurrence.
RESULTS
The overall correlation between lactoferrin and clinical indexes is poor, while performance is good with endoscopic scores. Lactoferrin seems to represent a reasonably good surrogate marker of response to therapy and to be potentially useful in identifying patients at high risk for endoscopic relapse or postoperative recurrence. The evaluation of the performance of all other fecal markers is limited by the lack of adequate data.
CONCLUSIONS
None of the fecal markers so far represents an acceptable alternative to calprotectin in clinical practice. Fecal lactoferrin is the only possible exception, but a more extensive investigation is still required.
Topics: Biomarkers; Crohn Disease; Feces; Humans; Lactoferrin; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 34518458
DOI: 10.1159/000518419 -
JBJS Reviews Mar 2023Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication after total joint arthroplasty (TJA), with treatment failure occurring in 12% to 28% after 2-stage... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication after total joint arthroplasty (TJA), with treatment failure occurring in 12% to 28% after 2-stage revision. It is vital to identify diagnostic tools indicative of persistent infection or treatment failure after 2-stage revision for PJI.
METHODS
The Cochrane Library, PubMed (MEDLINE), and EMBASE were searched for randomized controlled trials and comparative observational studies published before October 3, 2021, which evaluated the utility of serum/plasma biomarkers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], fibrinogen, D-dimer), synovial biomarkers (white blood cell [WBC] count, neutrophil percentage [PMN %], alpha-defensin [AD], leukocyte esterase [LE]), tissue frozen section, tissue culture, synovial fluid culture, or sonicated spacer fluid culture indicative of persistent infection before the second stage of 2-stage revision for PJI or treatment failure after 2-stage revision for PJI.
RESULTS
A total of 47 studies including 6,605 diagnostic tests among 3,781 2-stage revisions for PJI were analyzed. Among those cases, 723 (19.1%) experienced persistent infection or treatment failure. Synovial LE (sensitivity 0.25 [0.10-0.47], specificity 0.99 [0.93-1.00], positive likelihood ratio 14.0 [1.45-135.58]) and serum IL-6 (sensitivity 0.52 [0.33-0.70], specificity 0.92 [0.85-0.96], positive likelihood ratio 7.90 [0.86-72.61]) had the highest diagnostic accuracy. However, no biomarker was associated with a clinically useful negative likelihood ratio. In subgroup analysis, synovial PMN %, synovial fluid culture, serum ESR, and serum CRP had limited utility for detecting persistent infection before reimplantation (positive likelihood ratios ranging 2.33-3.74; negative likelihood ratios ranging 0.31-0.9) and no utility for predicting failure after the second stage of 2-stage revision.
CONCLUSIONS
Synovial WBC count, synovial PMN %, synovial fluid culture, serum ESR, and serum CRP have modest sensitivity and specificity for predicting persistent infection during the second stage of 2-stage revision, suggesting some combination of these diagnostic tests might be useful before reimplantation. No biomarker or culture accurately predicted treatment failure after reimplantation.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Topics: Humans; Interleukin-6; Persistent Infection; Arthroplasty; Replantation; Biomarkers; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Prosthesis-Related Infections
PubMed: 36947634
DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.22.00201