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Journal of International Society of... 2021The important cause of chronic gingivitis was proved to be dental plaque, which is a well-organized biofilm. However, self-care efforts or mechanical control of dental... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The important cause of chronic gingivitis was proved to be dental plaque, which is a well-organized biofilm. However, self-care efforts or mechanical control of dental plaque by toothbrushing was important; these alone will not be enough to prevent gingivitis.
AIM
The aim of the present systematic review was to compare the effectiveness of herbal and conventional toothpastes on reduction of dental plaque and gingivitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data from original scientific papers published in PubMed, Cochrane, Lilacs, and Google Scholar were taken for review up to November 2020. Randomized controlled trials and clinical trials compare the effectiveness of herbal and non-herbal toothpastes on reduction of dental plaque and gingivitis. Articles published in English language only were included. References from the identified publications were manually searched to identify additional relevant articles. Seven publications fulfilled all the inclusion criteria and were finally selected for systematic review. Outcome measurements for gingivitis were gingival index and dental plaque index.
RESULTS
As all the studies were randomized controlled trials, level of evidence was II. Among all studies, green tea dentifrice toothpastes showed significant reduction when compared with conventional dentifrice, and ayurvedic toothpaste and Carica papaya leaf extract were also effective.
CONCLUSION
Herbal toothpaste seems to be powerful similar to non-herbal toothpaste; however, it is no longer extra superior to fluoride toothpaste. Further, long-term randomized studies of >6 months are needed to investigate the beneficial effects of intervention alone.
PubMed: 35036369
DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_171_21 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Aug 2023Brushing with dentifrice is the most commonly used denture cleaning method. However, it can result in the mass loss of acrylic resin and an increase in surface... (Review)
Review
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Brushing with dentifrice is the most commonly used denture cleaning method. However, it can result in the mass loss of acrylic resin and an increase in surface roughness, which favors the adherence of microorganisms.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies was to assess the influence of simulated brushing by using dentifrices and water on surface roughness and the mass loss of acrylic resins.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Embase, Open Gray, and Google Scholar databases in September 2022. The study selection process, data extraction, and risk of bias analysis were performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The protocol of this systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework (DOI number 10.17605/OSF.IO/QD4GH). Meta-analysis was performed by using a random effects model (α=.05) in the RevMan (Cochrane Collaboration) software program.
RESULTS
A total of 14 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 2 studies in the quantitative synthesis. The manual toothbrush was the most analyzed (n=9), followed by the electric toothbrush (n=5) and denture brush (n=1). Denture base resin (n=8) was evaluated more than acrylic resin for the abrasiveness of toothpaste (n=6). Most studies used conventional toothpaste (n=12), whereas 6 used specific dentifrices. The period of brushing corresponding to 1 year was the most predominant (n=6). Surface roughness (n=13) was evaluated more than mass loss (n=4). In general, dentifrices resulted in greater surface roughness than water. According to meta-analysis results, brushing by using dentifrices reported higher mass loss values than brushing with distilled water (P<.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Brushing acrylic resins with dentifrice was more abrasive than brushing with water.
PubMed: 37612194
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.06.027 -
International Journal of Paediatric... Jul 2022To summarize the information on the effectiveness of community water fluoridation (CWF) on the reduction of dental caries in the context of the wide use of fluoridated... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
To summarize the information on the effectiveness of community water fluoridation (CWF) on the reduction of dental caries in the context of the wide use of fluoridated toothpaste in Brazil.
DESIGN
A systematic review was conducted regarding the effect of CWF based on studies with Brazilian population groups using the following electronic databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, and SCOPUS. The literature search was conducted up to August 2019. Studies that compared caries experience in at least two areas, one fluoridated and the other non-fluoridated, by mean dmft/DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) index or caries prevalence (caries vs. caries-free) were included. Considering the beginning of widespread use of fluoride dentifrice and the time for producing dental caries decline, studies published before 1995 were excluded. Descriptive analysis and meta-analyses were carried out. The effect size was measured by mean difference for dmft and DMFT ± SD and odds ratios on a logarithmic scale for caries prevalence.
RESULTS
Of the 574 studies retrieved, 16 and 10 were included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis, respectively. Fluoridated areas exhibited lower mean dmft/DMFT than non-fluoridated areas did. The mean difference in the dmft between non-fluoridated and fluoridated areas was -2.28 (95% CI -3.26; -1.30) for children aged 5-8 years and -1.12 (95% CI -1.93; -0.32) for those aged 3-12 years; the mean difference in the DMFT was -0.61 (95% CI -0.80; -0.42) for the children aged between 7 and 12 years. The caries prevalence was 1.4 times and 57% lower, respectively, at primary and permanent dentition in fluoridated areas. Heterogeneity was observed in all age groups, ranging from 77.6% to 98.2%.
CONCLUSION
Community water fluoridation remains effective in preventing dental caries in children younger than 13 years, even with the widespread use of fluoridated toothpaste.
Topics: Child; DMF Index; Dental Caries; Fluoridation; Fluorides; Humans; Prevalence; Toothpastes
PubMed: 34564916
DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12928 -
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor... 2020Activated charcoal-based whitening dentifrices claim to whiten teeth. Scientific evidence for the actual whitening effect, however, is still limited. A search in PubMed...
Activated charcoal-based whitening dentifrices claim to whiten teeth. Scientific evidence for the actual whitening effect, however, is still limited. A search in PubMed shows one randomized controlled double blinded in vitro study in which the'Black is White Curaprox® dentifrice is less effective in reducing extrinsic staining than other whitening dentifrices. One systematic literature review and one review article concluded there is insufficient scientific evidence to substantiate the cosmetic benefits of charcoal-based dentifrices.
Topics: Dentifrices; Humans; Silicon Dioxide; Sodium Fluoride; Tooth Bleaching; Tooth Discoloration
PubMed: 32840494
DOI: 10.5177/ntvt.2020.07/08.20020 -
F1000Research 2022: Whitening toothpastes exert a whitening effect on teeth through higher surface cleaning effectiveness resulting from the abrasive properties of the paste or specific... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
: Whitening toothpastes exert a whitening effect on teeth through higher surface cleaning effectiveness resulting from the abrasive properties of the paste or specific chemical components. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conceptualized to examine the relationship between whitening toothpastes and surface roughness as well as microhardness of human teeth and to clarify the evidence base available around this relationship by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in this topic area, looking at randomized control trials. : Criteria for including studies in the review were done based on population, intervention, comparison, outcomes and study and studies were identified from electronic databases. Covidence® was used for data screening and data extraction. The CONSORT tool was used for checking relevant content and methodology used in each of the papers reviewed. Systematic review was done followed by meta-analysis, using Review Manager. : A total of 125 articles were obtained on key word search. After duplicate removal and title screening, 17 articles were eligible for full text review. Finally, 7 studies were included for systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on 4 studies. The forest plot for surface roughness showed that that the meta-analytic effect was statistically significant with surface roughness value being higher in the intervention group. The forest plot for microhardness showed that the meta-analytic effect was statistically significant with the microhardness value being lesser in the intervention group. : Although whitening toothpastes typically can lighten tooth color by about one or two shades, there is some evidence to show that these toothpastes also affect the mineral content of teeth by increasing surface roughness and reducing microhardness. More evidence and further research are needed to identify the type of whitening agent which will whiten the tooth effectively while maintaining the integrity of the tooth structure.
Topics: Humans; Tooth; Tooth Bleaching; Toothpastes
PubMed: 35265322
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.76180.3 -
Heliyon Dec 2019The aim of the present systematic review was to examine the scientific evidence for the efficacy of stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF) dentifrice in relation to dental... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present systematic review was to examine the scientific evidence for the efficacy of stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF) dentifrice in relation to dental calculus, dental plaque, gingivitis, halitosis and staining.
DATA AND SOURCES
Medline OVID, Embase.com, and the Cochrane Library were searched from database inception until June 2017. Six researchers independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality. A meta-analysis of the 6-month gingivitis studies was done. Risk of bias was estimated using a checklist from the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment (SBU, 2018).
STUDY SELECTION
Two studies on dental calculus, 21 on dental plaque and gingivitis, 4 on halitosis, and 5 on stain met the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was high for the studies on dental calculus, halitosis, and stain, and varied for the dental plaque and gingivitis studies. Significant reductions in dental calculus and in halitosis were reported for the SnF dentifrice; no differences in stain reduction were noted. A meta-analysis on gingivitis found better results for the SnF dentifrice compared to other dentifrices, though the results of the individual trials in the meta-analyses showed a substantial heterogeneity.
CONCLUSIONS
The present review found that stabilized SnF toothpaste had a positive effect on the reduction of dental calculus build-up, dental plaque, gingivitis, stain and halitosis. A tendency towards a more pronounced effect than using toothpastes not containing SnF2 was found. However, a new generation of well conducted randomized trials are needed to further support these findings.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Adding a SnF toothpaste to the daily oral care routine is an easy strategy that may have multiple oral health benefits.
PubMed: 31872105
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02850 -
International Journal of Paediatric... Sep 2023Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases among preschool children globally. Different preventive agents and combinations have been studied. However,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases among preschool children globally. Different preventive agents and combinations have been studied. However, the rank of the effectiveness of clinical interventions is equivocal.
AIM
To summarize and rank the effectiveness of clinical interventions using different agents for primary prevention of early childhood caries (ECC).
DESIGN
Two reviewers independently searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library to identify randomized controlled trials with at least 12-month follow-up. The network meta-analysis (NMA) on different agents was based on a random-effects model and frequentist approach. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% CI of the caries increment were calculated in terms of either dmft or dmfs and used in the NMA. Caries incidences at the child level were compared using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI. The effectiveness of the agents was ranked using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA).
RESULTS
After screening 3807 publications and selection, the NMA finally included 33 trials. These trials used either a single or combination of agents such as fluorides, chlorhexidine, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, probiotics, xylitol, and triclosan. Compared with control, fluoride foam (FF; SMD -0.69, 95% CI: -1.06, -0.32) and fluoride salt (F salt; SMD -0.66, 95% CI: -1.20, -0.13) were effective in preventing caries increment. Probiotic milk plus low fluoride toothpaste (PMLFTP; OR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.77), FF (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.63), fluoride varnish (FV; OR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.81), and fluoride varnish plus high fluoride toothpaste (FVHFTP; OR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.93) were effectively preventing caries incidence. According to the SUCRA, FF ranked first in preventing caries increment, whereas PMLFTP ranked first in preventing caries incidence.
CONCLUSION
Fluoride foam, F salt, PMLFTP, FV, and FVHFTP all effectively reduce caries increment or caries incidence in preschool children, but the evidence indicates low degree of certainty. Considering the relatively small number of studies, confidence in the findings, and limitations in the study, clinical practitioners and readers should exercise caution when interpreting the NMA results.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Humans; Dental Caries; Fluorides; Cariostatic Agents; Fluorides, Topical; Network Meta-Analysis; Toothpastes; Dental Caries Susceptibility
PubMed: 36718540
DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13055 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022The use of herbal products in oral cavity has shown an increased popularity and potential benefits due to their additional anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The use of herbal products in oral cavity has shown an increased popularity and potential benefits due to their additional anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties as well as the lack of side effects related to their use.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the clinical effectiveness of herbal dental products (mouthwash, dentifrice, gel) when compared to conventional products or placebo in periodontitis patients.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic review with 22 studies was carried out using MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases in addition to hand searches. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effect of any herbal dental product and compared it with conventional products or placebo in periodontitis patients and published up to March 2022, were screened.
RESULTS
Herbal products used as adjuncts to scaling and root planing (SRP) or supragingival debridement (SPD) led to superior clinical outcomes than placebo or no adjuncts (8 studies). In conjunction with SRP, these products showed comparable outcomes with chlorhexidine (6 studies) or better (4 studies). When used as adjuncts to SPD, herbal oral care products demonstrated comparable outcomes with chlorhexidine and conventional products (4 studies).
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this systematic review, herbal oral care products may play a key role in the management of periodontal disease. Further well-designed studies are needed to establish their efficacy.
Topics: Chlorhexidine; Chronic Periodontitis; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Root Planing; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36011693
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610061 -
Journal of Dental Research May 2020The goal of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to compare the relative effects of toothpaste formulations for dentin hypersensitivity (DH), tested in...
The goal of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to compare the relative effects of toothpaste formulations for dentin hypersensitivity (DH), tested in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We searched 7 databases to February 2019. Paired reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and performed risk of bias assessment. The outcome of interest was painful response measured through tactile, cold, and air stimuli. We conducted a random-effects Bayesian network meta-analysis using standardized mean difference (SMD) and their credible intervals (CIs) as the measure of effect for each pain stimuli. We assessed certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. We included 125 RCTs (12,541 patients). For tactile stimulus, the following active ingredients showed large beneficial effects compared to fluoride with moderate certainty of evidence (SMD; 95% CI): potassium + stannous fluoride (SnF) (3.05; 1.69-4.41), calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSP) (2.14; 0.75-3.53), SnF (2.02; 1.06-2.99), potassium + hydroxyapatite (2.47; 0.3-4.64), strontium (1.43; 0.46-2.41), and potassium (1.23; 0.48-1.98). For cold stimulus, CSP showed large beneficial effects compared to fluoride (3.93; 0.34-7.53) with moderate certainty; for air stimulus, arginine (2.22; 1.45-2.99), potassium + hydroxyapatite (2.44; 0.33-4.55), potassium + SnF (2.28; 0.87-3.69), CSP (1.98; 0.99-2.98), and SnF (1.9; 1.03-2.77) showed large beneficial effects compared to fluoride with moderate to high certainty. Most toothpaste formulations showed evidence of superiority against placebo or fluorides (amine fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, or sodium fluoride). CSP was most beneficial for all 3 stimuli with high to moderate certainty. SnF alone and potassium combined with SnF or hydroxyapatite were beneficial for tactile and air stimulus with high to moderate certainty. Arginine was beneficial for air stimulus, and strontium and potassium were beneficial for tactile stimulus, with moderate certainty.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; Dentin Desensitizing Agents; Dentin Sensitivity; Double-Blind Method; Fluorides; Humans; Network Meta-Analysis; Phosphates; Sodium Fluoride; Toothpastes; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32037944
DOI: 10.1177/0022034520903036 -
The Journal of Evidence-based Dental... Jun 2022Previous studies demonstrated a dose-dependent efficacy of sodium bicarbonate when added to dentifrices for the mechanical control of dental biofilm. The present... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Previous studies demonstrated a dose-dependent efficacy of sodium bicarbonate when added to dentifrices for the mechanical control of dental biofilm. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a 67% sodium bicarbonate-based toothpaste for gingival health parameters improvement in subjects with gingivitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic search on MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), was performed using a combination of keywords, followed by a hand search on pertinent Journals. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective comparative studies in English language were included. There was no publication date and language restriction. The data regarding gingival, bleeding, and plaque index were extracted from the selected studies. Included studies underwent risk-of-bias assessment. When at least 3 studies reporting the same outcome were found, a meta-analysis was undertaken, to estimate the combined effect. Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) was also performed to evaluate the power of the meta-analysis for primary outcomes.
RESULTS
The search strategy yielded 83 articles. After screening, 7 RCTs were included. Three were at high risk, one at moderate risk, and 3 at low risk-of-bias. Significant improvement of gingival index, bleeding index, and plaque index was observed in patients using 67% sodium bicarbonate toothpaste as compared with control subjects. TSA showed sufficient power for modified Gingival index and bleeding scores.
CONCLUSIONS
The clinical use of 67% sodium bicarbonate toothpaste can improve periodontal health in patients with gingivitis.
Topics: Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Double-Blind Method; Gingivitis; Humans; Sodium Bicarbonate; Toothpastes
PubMed: 35718441
DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2022.101709