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Nutrients Jan 2022The gut microbiota is a key factor in the correct development of the gastrointestinal immune system. Studies have found differences between the gut microbiota of...
The gut microbiota is a key factor in the correct development of the gastrointestinal immune system. Studies have found differences between the gut microbiota of newborns delivered by cesarean section compared to those vaginally delivered. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of ingestion of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics during pregnancy and/or lactation on the development of the gut microbiota of the C-section newborns. We selected experimental studies in online databases from their inception to October 2021. Of the 83 records screened, 12 met the inclusion criteria. The probiotics used belonged to the genera , , , and , or a combination of those, with dosages varying between 2 × 10 and 9 × 10 CFU per day, and were consumed during pregnancy and/or lactation. Probiotic strains were combined with galacto-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides, or bovine milk-derived oligosaccharides in the synbiotic formulas. Probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic interventions led to beneficial gut microbiota in cesarean-delivered newborns, closer to that in vaginally delivered newborns, especially regarding colonization. This effect was more evident in breastfed infants. The studies indicate that this beneficial effect is achieved when the interventions begin soon after birth, especially the restoration of bifidobacterial population. Changes in the infant microbial ecosystem due to the interventions seem to continue after the end of the intervention in most of the studies. More interventional studies are needed to elucidate the optimal synbiotic combinations and the most effective strains and doses for achieving the optimal gut microbiota colonization of C-section newborns.
Topics: Bifidobacterium; Breast Feeding; Cesarean Section; Ecosystem; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lactation; Lactobacillus; Male; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Prebiotics; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Probiotics; Synbiotics
PubMed: 35057522
DOI: 10.3390/nu14020341 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Jan 2024Dietary approaches are recommended for the management of chronic constipation. Until now, there has been no systematic review and meta-analysis on foods, drinks and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Dietary approaches are recommended for the management of chronic constipation. Until now, there has been no systematic review and meta-analysis on foods, drinks and diets in constipation.
AIMS
To investigate the effect of foods, drinks and diets on response to treatment, stool output, gut transit time, symptoms, quality of life, adverse events and compliance in adults with chronic constipation via a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
Studies were identified using electronic databases (12th July 2023). Intervention trials (randomised controlled trials [RCTs], non-randomised, uncontrolled) were included. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane 2.0 (RCTs) or JBI Critical Appraisal (uncontrolled trials). Data from RCTs only were synthesised using risk ratios (RRs), mean differences (MDs), standardised mean differences (95% CI) using random-effects.
RESULTS
We included 23 studies (17 RCTs, 6 uncontrolled; 1714 participants): kiwifruit (n = 7), high-mineral water (n = 4), prunes (n = 2), rye bread (n = 2), mango, fig, cereal, oat bran, yoghurt, water supplementation, prune juice, high-fibre diet, no-fibre diet (n = 1). Fruits resulted in higher stool frequency than psyllium (MD: +0.36 bowel movements [BM]/week, [0.25-0.48], n = 232), kiwifruits in particular (MD: +0.36 BM/week, [0.24-0.48], n = 192); there was no difference for prunes compared with psyllium. Rye bread resulted in higher stool frequency than white bread (MD: +0.43 BM/week, [0.03-0.83], n = 48). High-mineral water resulted in higher response to treatment than low-mineral water (RR: 1.47, [1.20-1.81], n = 539).
CONCLUSIONS
Fruits and rye bread may improve certain constipation-related outcomes. There is a scarcity of evidence on foods, drinks and diets in constipation and further RCTs are needed.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Psyllium; Constipation; Dietary Fiber; Diet; Mineral Waters
PubMed: 37905980
DOI: 10.1111/apt.17782 -
Food & Nutrition Research 2023While dietary fiber intake is low in many children, the current trend to plant-based diets is associated with higher fiber intake in children raised on these diets. As... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
While dietary fiber intake is low in many children, the current trend to plant-based diets is associated with higher fiber intake in children raised on these diets. As older reports indicate that diets providing high fiber intake in children 0-5 years may affect growth, iron status and bowel function, we summarized the available evidence in this systematic review.
OBJECTIVE
To identify, critically appraise, and synthesize evidence on the effect of high fiber intake on growth, iron and bowel function in children 0-5 years, with relevance to the Nordic and Baltic countries.
METHODS
Following a pre-registered protocol, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central of Controlled Trials, and Scopus for clinical trials and prospective cohort studies published until November 2021. Two reviewers independently screened retrieved literature, extracted relevant data, and performed risk of bias assessment. Outcomes were growth, iron metabolism and bowel function in children 0-5 years. We narratively described findings from studies that met inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
From 5,644 identified records, five articles met the inclusion criteria. Two RCTs had an overall moderate risk of bias, while the three observational studies had serious risk. Overall, we found no robust association between high intake of dietary fiber and growth. In the RCTs, higher intake of fiber had a positive effect on bowel movements and constipation. No studies on fiber intake and iron status were identified.The certainty of the overall evidence was inconclusive for growth and bowel function, while no assessment was made for iron status.
CONCLUSION
We found no clear association between high intake of dietary fiber and growth or bowel function in young children living in affluent countries, albeit with only a limited number of studies. There is a lack of studies investigating health effects of high fiber intake in small children.
PubMed: 37050923
DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.9011 -
Nutritional Neuroscience Feb 2023Findings of previous studies on relationship between dietary fiber intake and depression were inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis on the association of dietary... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Findings of previous studies on relationship between dietary fiber intake and depression were inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis on the association of dietary fiber intake with depression and anxiety in epidemiologic studies.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases, up to May 2021. Data from 18 publications (12 cross-sectional, five cohort and one case-control studies) on dietary fiber consumption in relation to depression or anxiety were included. For depression, fifteen studies were conducted on adults and three others on adolescents. Anxiety was not included in the analysis, due to insufficient eligible studies.
RESULTS
Total dietary fiber intake was associated with a 10% lower odds of depression (OR = 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86, 0.95) in adults and a 57% lower odds (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.59) in adolescents. Dose-response meta-analysis revealed an inverse linear association between total dietary fiber intake and odd of depression in adults; such that each 5-g increase in total dietary fiber intake was associated with a 5% reduction in risk of depression (OR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.94, 0.97). An inverse significant association was observed between intake of fiber from vegetables (OR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.82) and soluble fiber (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.91) and odds of depression. However, cereal fiber, fiber from fruits and insoluble fiber were marginally associated with a reduction in having depression.
CONCLUSIONS
High intake of dietary fiber was protectively associated with depression in adults, in a dose-response fashion.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Risk Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Fruit; Dietary Fiber
PubMed: 36692989
DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2021.2020403 -
Nutrients May 2023Dietary fiber (DF) consumption has been associated with improved glycemic control in epidemiological and long-term interventional studies. However, its acute effects are... (Review)
Review
Dietary fiber (DF) consumption has been associated with improved glycemic control in epidemiological and long-term interventional studies. However, its acute effects are not yet clear. This systematic review aims to elucidate the postprandial effects of DF in starchy products on glycemia and insulinemia. An electronic search of databases was conducted, and forty-one records met the inclusion criteria and underwent a risk-of-bias assessment. It was shown that soluble DF does not clearly affect glycemia in individuals with normal weight, while resistant starch may be more effective in flattening glycemic responses. Concerning insulinemia, both soluble DF and resistant starch have mixed results, with either favorable or no effects. Data on insoluble DF and glucose metabolism are scarce. The same mixed results for glycemia can be seen in healthy volunteers with overweight/obesity, while resistant starch seems to improve insulinemic responses. Finally, more studies need to examine the acute effects of DF in starchy foods on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in individuals facing glucose abnormalities. Additionally, more studies are needed to prove whether ingesting high-fiber carbohydrate-containing products per se can result in blunted glycemic and insulinemic responses and which DF type and amount are more effective.
Topics: Humans; Blood Glucose; Dietary Carbohydrates; Insulin; Resistant Starch; Cross-Over Studies; Glucose; Dietary Fiber; Postprandial Period; Glycemic Index
PubMed: 37242267
DOI: 10.3390/nu15102383 -
Neurogastroenterology and Motility Jan 2024Numerous individual and environmental factors including diet may play an important role in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It is unclear to what... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Numerous individual and environmental factors including diet may play an important role in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It is unclear to what degree dietary intake is affected in individuals with IBS. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize dietary intake of adults with IBS and to compare dietary intake between adults with IBS and non-IBS controls.
METHODS
Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched through February 2023 for clinical trials and observational studies measuring usual diet in adults with IBS. Pooled weighted averages were estimated for total energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient data. Mean differences (MD) in nutrient intake were estimated for adults with IBS versus non-IBS controls using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by the inconsistency index (I2).
KEY RESULTS
Sixty-three full-text articles were included in the review of which 29 studies included both IBS and control subjects. Nutrients not meeting the recommended intake level for any dietary reference values in the IBS population were fiber and vitamin D. Meta-regression by female proportion was positively correlated with total fat intake and negatively correlated with carbohydrate intake. Comparisons between participants with IBS and controls showed significantly lower fiber intake in participants with IBS with high heterogeneity (MD: -1.8; 95% CI: -3.0, -0.6; I2 = 85%).
CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES
This review suggests that fiber and vitamin D intake is suboptimal in IBS; however, overall dietary intake does not appear to be comprised. Causes and consequences of reduced fiber in IBS deserve further study. Results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that fiber and vitamin D intake is suboptimal in IBS. However, overall intake of other macro- and micronutrients does not appear to be compromised. Causes and consequences of reduced fiber and Vitamin D intake in IBS deserve further study.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Diet; Eating; Energy Intake; Vitamin D
PubMed: 37897138
DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14698 -
Food Science & Nutrition Nov 2023This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis examined the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following dietary fiber intake. Relevant... (Review)
Review
This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis examined the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following dietary fiber intake. Relevant articles were retrieved from a variety of databases, including Scopus, Embase, and Medline, until March 2023. Spirometry was the most frequently used method for determining the presence of COPD. Based on the search, there were a total of 213,912 participants across five separate studies. Random effects model was used to combine the data and a dose-response analysis was further conducted. Five distinct cohort studies were identified. Based on highest versus lowest analysis, there was an inverse correlation between the intake of total fiber (RR, 0.72; 95%, CI: 0.64-0.80), cereal fiber (RR: 0.76, 95% CI 0.68, 0.86), and fruit fiber (RR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.83). Although this result was not significant for vegetable fiber (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.84-1.07). Dose-response analysis revealed that daily increase of 10 g of total dietary fiber, cereal fiber, or fruit fiber reduced the risk of COPD by 26%, 21%, and 37%, respectively. The ROBINS-E tool classified all cohort studies as having a moderate risk of bias. Total fiber, cereal fiber, and fruit fiber intake were found to have low credibility using the NutriGrade tool. Additionally, there is a lack of scientific evidence supporting the use of vegetable fiber. Larger, more comprehensive studies are required to confirm these findings.
PubMed: 37970426
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3640 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of a tooth in the oral cavity. The relationship between dietary fiber and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of a tooth in the oral cavity. The relationship between dietary fiber and periodontitis is poorly understood. The objective of this systematic review is to investigate if an intake of dietary fiber modulates periodontal disease in animal models and any concomitant effects on systemic inflammation, microbiota and their metabolites.
METHODS
Animal studies using periodontitis models with any form of fiber intervention were included. Studies with comorbidities that were mutually inclusive with periodontitis and animals with physiological conditions were excluded. Search strategy with MeSH and free-text search terms were finalized and performed on the 22nd of September 2021.CINAHL Complete, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SciVerse Scopus® and Web of Science Core Collection databases were used to identify studies. SYRCLE's risk of bias tool and CAMARADES were used for quality assessment. Results were synthesized utilizing Covidence© web-based platform software to remove duplicates, and the remaining studies were manually filtered.
RESULTS
A total of 7,141 articles were retrieved from all databases. Out of 24 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, four studies ( = 4) were included. Four studies involved the use of -(1,3/1,6)-glucan ( = 3) and mannan oligosaccharide ( = 1) at differing dosages for different study durations. All studies utilized a ligature-induced model of periodontitis in rats, either Wistar ( = 3) or Sprague-Dawley ( = 1). A dose-dependent relationship between the increased fiber intake and decrease in alveolar bone loss and pro-inflammatory markers was observed.
CONCLUSION
The number of included studies is limited and narrow in scope. They highlight the importance of pre-clinical trials in this field with broader dietary fiber intervention groups before proceeding to clinical trials. The use of dietary fiber as an intervention shows promise in the reduction of inflammatory conditions like periodontitis. However, further research is required to delineate the relationship between diet and its effects on microbiota and their metabolites such as short chain fatty acids in animal models of periodontitis.
PubMed: 36998913
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1130153 -
European Journal of Nutrition Jun 2021It is unclear how dietary intake influences the ovarian cancer. The present paper sets out to systematically review and meta-analyze research on dietary intake to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
It is unclear how dietary intake influences the ovarian cancer. The present paper sets out to systematically review and meta-analyze research on dietary intake to identify cases having high- or low-risk ovarian cancer.
METHODS
Scopus, PubMed, and Wiley Online Libraries were searched up to the date November 24, 2019. Two reviewers were requested to independently extract study characteristics and to assess the bias and applicability risks with reference to the study inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were performed to specify the relationship between dietary intake and the risk of ovarian cancer identifying 97 cohort studies.
RESULTS
No significant association was found between dietary intake and risk of ovarian cancer. The results of subgroup analyses indicated that green leafy vegetables (RR = 0.91, 95%, 0.85-0.98), allium vegetables (RR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.64-0.96), fiber (RR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.81-0.98), flavonoids (RR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.78-0.89) and green tea (RR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.49-0.76) intake could significantly reduce ovarian cancer risk. Total fat (RR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.18), saturated fat (RR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.22), saturated fatty acid (RR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.36), cholesterol (RR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.22) and retinol (RR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.00-1.30) intake could significantly increase ovarian cancer risk. In addition, acrylamide, nitrate, water disinfectants and polychlorinated biphenyls were significantly associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer.
CONCLUSION
These results could support recommendations to green leafy vegetables, allium vegetables, fiber, flavonoids and green tea intake for ovarian cancer prevention.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Eating; Female; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Risk; Risk Factors; Vegetables
PubMed: 32661683
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02332-y