-
International Journal For Vitamin and... Jun 2023This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of chromium supplementation on oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD),... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of chromium supplementation on oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), catalase (CAT), nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and protein carbonyl. Relevant studies, published from inception until July 2019, were searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar. All randomized clinical trials investigating the effect of chromium supplementation on oxidative stress were included. Out of 252 citations, 10 trials that enrolled 595 subjects were included. Chromium supplementation resulted in a significant increase in GSH (WMD: 64.79 mg/dl, 95% CI: 22.43 to 107.15; P=0.003) but no significant change in MDA, TAS, TBARS levels, SOD, CAT levels and GPX. Chromium picolinate supplementation resulted in a significant increase in TAC while failing to have a significant effect on NO. Moreover, both chromium picolinate and chromium dinicocysteinate supplementation reduced protein carbonyl levels. Overall, this meta-analysis demonstrated that chromium supplementation increased GSH without any significant changes in the mean of GPX, MDA, TAS, TBARS, CAT and SOD.
Topics: Antioxidants; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Oxidative Stress; Biomarkers; Glutathione Peroxidase; Dietary Supplements; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 34013788
DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000706 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2023We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate observational studies assessing the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate observational studies assessing the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the risk of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity in the general population. We searched the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and ISI Web of Science from inception until December 2020. Data were extracted from 12 studies (nine cross-sectional and three cohort studies). Odds ratio (OR) were pooled using a random-effects model. UPF consumption was associated with an increased risk of obesity (OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.36, 1.77; I = 55%), overweight (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.63; I = 73%), and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.68; I = 62%). Furthermore, every 10% increase of UPF consumption in daily calorie intake was associated with a 7%, a 6%, and a 5% higher risk of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity, respectively. Dose-response meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies showed a positive linear association between UPF consumption and abdominal obesity. There was also a positive linear association between UPF consumption and risk of overweight/obesity in the analysis of cross-sectional studies and a positive monotonic association in the analysis of cohort studies. Our study suggests that UPF consumption is associated with an increased risk of excess weight or abdominal obesity.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Obesity, Abdominal; Cross-Sectional Studies; Food, Processed; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 34190668
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1946005 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Sep 2023Evidence is uncertain about the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and health outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Serum 25(OH)D Concentration, Vitamin D Supplementation, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes or Prediabetes: a Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.
BACKGROUND
Evidence is uncertain about the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and health outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to assess the association between vitamin D status and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes.
METHODS
We did a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, and Web of Science until May 2022. We selected 1) cohort studies investigating the association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and mortality or cardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes and 2) randomized trials of vitamin D supplementation in these patients. We used random-effects pairwise meta-analyses to calculate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS
21 cohort studies and 6 randomized trials were included. Compared with sufficient vitamin D status (≥50 nmol/L), the RR of all-cause mortality was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.49; n = 11 studies, GRADE = moderate) for vitamin D insufficiency (25 to <50 nmol/L), and 1.58 (1.33, 1.83; n = 16, GRADE = moderate) for deficiency (<25 nmol/L). Similar findings were observed for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity but not for cancer mortality. The certainty of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. Dose-response meta-analyses indicated nonlinear associations, with the lowest risk at 25(OH)D ∼60 nmol/L for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Supplementation with vitamin D did not reduce the risk of all-cause mortality (RR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.79, 1.16; risk difference per 1000 patients: 3 fewer, 95% CI: 16 fewer, 12 more; n = 6 trials with 7316 participants; GRADE = low) or the risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity (very low- to low-certainty evidence).
CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are associated with a higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes. Vitamin D deficiency should be corrected in patients with type 2 diabetes to reach normal serum 25(OH)D concentrations, preferably 60 nmol/L.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
This systemic review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022326429 (=https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=326429).
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prediabetic State; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37467897
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.07.012 -
Public Health Nutrition Jul 2023This systematic review aimed to summarise the level of quality and accuracy of nutrition-related information on websites and social media and determine if quality and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aimed to summarise the level of quality and accuracy of nutrition-related information on websites and social media and determine if quality and accuracy varied between websites and social media or publishers of information.
DESIGN
This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021224277). CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health and Academic Search Complete were systematically searched on 15 January 2021 to identify content analysis studies, published in English after 1989, that evaluated the quality and/or accuracy of nutrition-related information published on websites or social media. A coding framework was used to classify studies' findings about information quality and/or accuracy as poor, good, moderate or varied. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist was used to assess the risk of bias.
SETTING
N/A.
PARTICIPANTS
N/A.
RESULTS
From 10 482 articles retrieved, sixty-four were included. Most studies evaluated information from websites ( 53, 82·8 %). Similar numbers of studies assessed quality ( 41, 64·1 %) and accuracy ( 47, 73·4 %). Almost half of the studies reported that quality ( 20, 48·8 %) or accuracy ( 23, 48·9 %) was low. Quality and accuracy of information were similar on social media and websites, however, varied between information publishers. High risk of bias in sample selection and quality or accuracy evaluations was a common limitation.
CONCLUSION
Online nutrition-related information is often inaccurate and of low quality. Consumers seeking information online are at risk of being misinformed. More action is needed to improve the public's eHealth and media literacy and the reliability of online nutrition-related information.
Topics: Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 37138366
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980023000873 -
Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of frailty: A systematic review and dose response meta-analysis.Ageing Research Reviews Nov 2021This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted to summarize available findings on the association between fruits and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted to summarize available findings on the association between fruits and vegetables (FVs) consumption and risk of frailty.
METHODS
Online databases including Medline, Scopus, and Embase were searched to detect related publications up to February 2021. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two investigators working in parallel. In most included studies, frailty was defined according to the Fried criteria. Overall, 14 articles with 18,616 subjects with frailty and 101,969 controls were included. To combined data, a random effect model was used. Dose-response associations were also evaluated.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies (10 cohorts and four cross-sectional) were included. Pooled effect size for the highest versus lowest category of FVs consumption showed an inverse association with risk of frailty (RR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.50-0.84; I = 81%, n = 7). Every one serving (200 g) per day increment in FVs intake was associated with a 14% lower risk of frailty. The risk of frailty decreased linearly up to FVs consumption of 3.5 servings/d, with flattening the curve at higher intake. Pooled analysis regarding fruits and vegetables separately did not indicate a significant association with the risk of frailty. Indeed, the results of the meta-analysis correspond only to the cohort studies. Based on the NutriGrade score, the quality of evidence for a protective effect of FV on frailty was "moderate".
CONCLUSIONS
FVs consumption was associated with a decreased risk of frailty. Further large-scale prospective cohort studies are needed to reach more confident conclusions.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Frailty; Fruit; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Vegetables
PubMed: 34534684
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101460 -
Journal of Human Nutrition and... Feb 2022A suitably prepared and qualified nutrition and dietetics workforce is part of the solution to combating the burden of disease. Competency-based assessment is a key part... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
A suitably prepared and qualified nutrition and dietetics workforce is part of the solution to combating the burden of disease. Competency-based assessment is a key part of the education of future workforces. Although there has been recent attention on competency-based assessment in dietetics, there is little exploration of competency-based education for the preparation of nutritionists. The present study aimed to understand how competency-based assessment is implemented and evaluated in nutrition education.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines. Four databases were initially searched in February 2020 using key words related to competenc* in combination with nutrition or dietetic and their synonyms. An updated search was completed again in March 2021. Studies that met eligibility criteria where the focus was on nutrition and involved a method of competency-based assessment were synthesised narratively.
RESULTS
From a total of 6262 titles and abstracts, six studies on competency assessment in nutrition education were identified. The assessments focused on the development of key skills, including motivational interviewing and nutrition assessment, changes to knowledge and attitudes on food and culture, and self-perceived development of communication, collaboration, management, advocacy, scholarship and professional capabilities. No studies were found that assessed promotion of health and wellbeing or the food chain competencies.
CONCLUSIONS
The lack of research in competency-based assessment must be addressed to ensure we are effectively preparing future nutritionists for work such that they can impact health outcomes.
Topics: Counseling; Dietetics; Health Education; Humans; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; Nutritionists
PubMed: 34541713
DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12946 -
Surgery For Obesity and Related... Jan 2022Metabolic and bariatric surgery helps women achieve a healthier weight, reduce co-morbid conditions, increase fertility rates, and improve pregnancy outcomes compared... (Review)
Review
Metabolic and bariatric surgery helps women achieve a healthier weight, reduce co-morbid conditions, increase fertility rates, and improve pregnancy outcomes compared with counterparts who are obese. Breastfeeding is known to provide both infant and maternal health benefits as well. Less is known about the impact of bariatric surgery on breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to review the impact of bariatric surgery on breastfeeding following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed and Medline databases were searched using terms such as "bariatric surgery," "postnatal care," "lactation," and "breastfeeding." Reference lists were also used to find relevant articles. A total of 49 records were identified. Abstracts were screened, and 11 observational studies were identified after meeting inclusion criteria, which included the use of original research on breastfeeding and women who have had bariatric surgery. The available research shows that breast milk after bariatric surgery is adequate in nutrients and that no long-term effects were reported in cases studies when nutrient deficiencies were corrected. Limitations include observational study design and small sample sizes. This systematic review suggests that breastfeeding after bariatric surgery should be recommended along with monitoring and micronutrient supplementation. However, additional research and increased sample sizes are needed to further examine the relationship, and such studies should be conducted to strengthen the evidence and explore ways to improve breastfeeding rates in this population.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Infant; Observational Studies as Topic; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome
PubMed: 34563465
DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2021.08.021 -
Journal of Human Nutrition and... Dec 2023Dietitians (RDs) are well-positioned to promote sustainable food systems and diets. This research aims to review the literature for how RDs in Canada define... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dietitians (RDs) are well-positioned to promote sustainable food systems and diets. This research aims to review the literature for how RDs in Canada define sustainability and determine the types of relevant activities that exist in practice as described in published literature.
METHODS
Using standardised scoping review methods, researchers searched CINAHL, ACASP, PubMed and ENVCOM databases to identify peer-reviewed articles and conducted a grey literature search to locate other publications related to sustainability in Canadian dietetic practice. Qualitative, thematic coding methods were used to examine definitions and existing practice. The PRISMA extension for scoping reviews guided reporting.
RESULTS
The search resulted in 1059 documents and, after screening, 11 peer-reviewed and 16 grey literature documents remained. Ten unique definitions were used, the most common being Sustainable Diets. Definitions were multidimensional, including environmental, social, economic and health dimensions, and 31 unique subtopics. However, existing practice activities appear to reduce actions to one to two dimensions. Existing practice areas well-reflected include Food and Nutrition Expertise, Management and Leadership, Food Provision and Population Health Promotion. Notable gaps include action in Professionalism and Ethics and Nutrition Care.
CONCLUSIONS
No single definition supports all professional contexts, and agency in choice of language to define the work is helpful for contextual clarity. Strengthening practitioners' ability to analyse issues using systems thinking and applying this in practice will help to address challenges and reduce risks of trade-offs. Updates to competency standards that reflect the breadth of existing activities, as well as curricular supports or practice standards, are needed.
Topics: Humans; Dietetics; Canada; Health Promotion; Food
PubMed: 37565587
DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13227 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Despite the fact that obesity and overweight are serious major health problems worldwide, fighting against them is also considered a challenging issue. Several...
BACKGROUND
Despite the fact that obesity and overweight are serious major health problems worldwide, fighting against them is also considered a challenging issue. Several interventional studies have evaluated the potential weight-reduction effect of Tirzepatide. In order to obtain a better viewpoint from them, this study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of subcutaneous Tirzepatide on obesity and overweight.
METHODS
Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched using standard keywords to identify all controlled trials investigating the weight loss effects of Tirzepatide. Pooled weighted mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were achieved by random-effects model analysis for the best estimation of outcomes. The statistical heterogeneity and publication bias were determined using the Cochran's test and I statistics and using the funnel plot and Egger's test, respectively.
RESULTS
Twenty three treatments arm with 7062 participants' were included in this systematic review and meta-regression analysis. The pooled findings showed that Tirzepatide vs placebo significantly reduced body weight (weighted mean difference (WMD): -11.34 kg, 95% confidence interval (CI): -12.79 to -9.88, P< 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (WMD: -3.11 kg/m2, 95% CI: -4.36 to -1.86, P< 0.001), and waist circumference (WC) (WMD: -7.24 cm, 95% CI -10.12 to -4.36, P< 0.001). These reductions were even greater, especially with higher doses and duration of Tirzepatide.
CONCLUSIONS
Tirzepatide medication had significant effects on weight management with the reduction of body weight, BMI, and WC. Administration of Tirzepatide can be considered a therapeutic strategy for overweight or obese people.
Topics: Humans; Overweight; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Obesity; Body Weight; Regression Analysis
PubMed: 37621649
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1230206 -
Journal of Psychosomatic Research Nov 2021Self-compassion - the tendency or ability to treat oneself kindly in times of failure or distress - may be a natural fit to support individuals who struggle with weight... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Self-compassion - the tendency or ability to treat oneself kindly in times of failure or distress - may be a natural fit to support individuals who struggle with weight management. However, while self-compassion shows promise with improving health behaviours, the associations self-compassion has on weight management outcomes are unclear. The objective of this systematic review was three-fold: (1) to evaluate whether self-compassion interventions can increase individual self-compassion in the context of weight management, (2) to investigate if self-compassion interventions can improve weight management outcomes, defined as healthier eating, increased physical activity, or reduced weight and finally, (3) to explore whether these benefits can be sustained over the longer term.
METHODS
Following PRISMA guidelines, Scopus, PsycINFO, Medline, PubMed and Embase databases were searched. Studies including a measure of self-compassion and a self-compassion intervention reporting weight management outcomes were included. Studies in populations living with an eating disorder were excluded. The Quality Criteria Checklist from the American Dietetic Association was used to assess study quality. Prospero Registration #CRD42019146707.
RESULTS
Of the 9082 records screened, a total of 20 studies met inclusion criteria. Seventeen studies reported significant increases in self-compassion post-intervention. Improvements were also found for eating behaviours (15 of 18), physical activity behaviours (6 of 9), and weight loss (6 of 11). The majority of improvements were maintained at follow-up, except for physical activity behaviours (1 of 7).
CONCLUSION
Self-compassion interventions tailored to weight management outcomes demonstrate efficacy with increasing self-compassion post-intervention. Methodological weaknesses and questions about the maintenance of any improvements in weight management outcomes limit our ability to make strong conclusions. However, there is promise and clear relevance for including self-compassion interventions to enhance weight management outcomes; directions for improved intervention and study design are given.
Topics: Empathy; Exercise; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Weight Loss
PubMed: 34560404
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110617