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Trauma, Violence & Abuse Apr 2023Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a clinical and social problem globally, especially in the Middle East. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of IPV and its types... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a clinical and social problem globally, especially in the Middle East. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of IPV and its types against women in the Middle East region.
METHOD
PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched in January 2020. From 1995 to 2020, all studies performed in the Middle East, investigating at least one type of abuse against women and written in English, entered the study. All included studies were appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist, which was adapted for prevalence studies. The random effect model of meta-analysis was performed using the Mantel-Haenszel method by comprehensive meta-analysis software. Each type of abuse as event rate with 95% CI was calculated for each variable. Heterogeneity was investigated using the statistic test.
RESULTS
Fifty-five studies encompassing 138,692 participants were included in our meta-analysis. The rate of overall abuse was 26.3 ( = 55, 95% CI: [15.8, 40.5], = .002). The highest rate of abuse in the included studies was reported for psychological abuse 48.6% ( = 46, 95% CI: [39.8, 57.5], = .758). The rate of abuse for physical, economical, sexual, and injury were 28.4% ( = 53, 95% CI: [22.1, 35.7], = .0001), 19% ( = 10, 95% CI: [9.8, 33.7], = .0001), 18.5% ( = 45, 95% CI: [13.6, 24.6], = .0001), and 18.4% ( = 5, 95% CI: [7.1, 40.2], = 0.008), respectively. The overall abuse reported by World Health Organization Multi-Country Domestic Violence (DV)Questionnaire was 25.7% ( = 17, 95% CI: [18.4, 34.7], = .0001). This value was 41.8% ( = 11, 95% CI: [29.7, 55], = .223) for the Conflict Tactics Scale Questionnaire.
CONCLUSION
Although this review highlights the lack of or insufficient IPV data in some contexts and inconsistencies in defining and measuring IPV among studies, the evidence shows that a moderate to high pattern of abuse has been observed in the study population. Due to this region's unique cultural-religious characteristics, it is urgent to reduce this phenomenon.
Topics: Humans; Female; Intimate Partner Violence; Domestic Violence; Prevalence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Middle East
PubMed: 34382453
DOI: 10.1177/15248380211036060 -
Journal of Gambling Studies Jun 2023Gambling disorder is a common and problematic behavioral disorder associated with depression, substance abuse, domestic violence, bankruptcy, and high suicide rates. In... (Review)
Review
Gambling disorder is a common and problematic behavioral disorder associated with depression, substance abuse, domestic violence, bankruptcy, and high suicide rates. In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), pathological gambling was renamed "gambling disorder" and moved to the Substance-Related and Addiction Disorders chapter to acknowledge that research suggests that pathological gambling and alcohol and drug addiction are related. Therefore, this paper provides a systematic review of risk factors for gambling disorder. Systematic searches of EBSCO, PubMed, and Web of Science identified 33 records that met study inclusion criteria. A revised study acknowledges as risk factors for developing/maintaining a gambling disorder being a single young male, or married for less than 5 years, living alone, having a poor education, and struggling financially.
Topics: Humans; Male; Gambling; Comorbidity; Substance-Related Disorders; Behavior, Addictive; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36884150
DOI: 10.1007/s10899-023-10195-1 -
Sexual Medicine Reviews Oct 2022Childhood maltreatment (CM) is an interpersonal trauma reported by 35% to 40% of individuals in population-based studies in North America. It refers to physical, sexual,... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Childhood maltreatment (CM) is an interpersonal trauma reported by 35% to 40% of individuals in population-based studies in North America. It refers to physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, as well as physical and emotional neglect. Although there is a growing body of cross-sectional work focusing on associations between CM and sexual health, most studies have ignored the broader relationship context in which sexuality is experienced.
OBJECTIVES
The current review sought to systematically and critically appraise all studies that reported on the association between CM and couples' sexual health, to inform clinical care and recommendations for research.
METHODS
The electronic literature search was conducted using PubMed, PsycNET (PsycINFO, PsychArticles), Medline, CINAHL, and Eric for peer-reviewed journal articles published before September 2021. Eligible studies had to report on the association between any form of CM and any dimension of sexual health in couples or individuals in a romantic relationship.
RESULTS
In total, 13 studies (18 articles) were included in this systematic review: 4 studies pertained to clinical couples and 9, to community couples; 2 studies used a longitudinal design and 11, a cross-sectional design; 3 studies examined CM as a whole, 2 studies examined multiple subtypes of CM separately, 1 study examined both CM as a whole and its subtypes separately, whereas the other 7 studies focused on childhood sexual abuse. Results indicated that studies using valid measures of sexual health outcomes found significant associations between CM and worse outcomes - including declines over time - in both clinical and community samples. Mediators and moderators of these associations were also identified.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings provide preliminary support for the role of CM in couples' sexual health. There is a need for future longitudinal studies involving both members of the couple, valid and multidimensional measures of sexual health, and potential mediators and moderators. Bergeron S, Bigras N, Vaillancourt-Morel M-P. Child Maltreatment and Couples' Sexual Health: A Systematic Review. Sex Med Rev 2022;10:567-582.
Topics: Child; Child Abuse; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Health
PubMed: 36028437
DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2022.04.002 -
Sao Paulo Medical Journal = Revista... 2023Specific types of violence such as intimate partner sexual violence and intimate partner homicide occur more frequently in rural areas.
BACKGROUND
Specific types of violence such as intimate partner sexual violence and intimate partner homicide occur more frequently in rural areas.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the knowledge and attitudes of rural healthcare providers regarding cases of domestic violence against women.
DESIGN AND SETTING
Systematic review developed at Universidade Federal de Uberlândia.
METHODS
We conducted an electronic search of six databases, which only included observational studies, regardless of the year, language, or country of publication, except for studies that used secondary data and were exclusively qualitative. Two reviewers performed the selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using a specific Joanna Briggs Institute tool.
RESULTS
Six studies met the inclusion criteria. All the studies had a low risk of bias. Approximately 38% of these professionals identified injuries caused by violence in patients. When asked about knowing the correct attitude to take in cases of confirmed violence, between 12% and 64% of rural healthcare providers answered positively; most of them would refer to specialized institutions and promote victim empowerment and counseling. The number of professionals with an educational background in the field ranged from 16% to 98%.
CONCLUSIONS
The evident disparity across studies shows that some professionals have suboptimal knowledge and require training to adopt the correct attitude when identifying female victims of domestic violence in clinical practice.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
This systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework Database under the registration http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/B7Q6S.
Topics: Humans; Female; Domestic Violence; Health Personnel; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 38055422
DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0682.R1.180723 -
Childhood abuse and neglect, and mortality risk in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Child Abuse & Neglect Dec 2022Research findings on the relationship between childhood abuse and neglect (CAN) and mortality risk in adulthood are inconsistent. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Research findings on the relationship between childhood abuse and neglect (CAN) and mortality risk in adulthood are inconsistent.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between CAN and mortality risk in adulthood.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
Six databases were searched up to November 2021 for studies reporting adult mortality outcomes associated with childhood physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect and/or emotional neglect. When feasible, results were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, involving 265,858 individuals. Abuse included physical (4/9), sexual (2/9), emotional (2/9), combined physical or sexual (2/9) and combined abuse and neglect (4/9). Only one study reported neglect separately. Three studies that examined the association between combined childhood abuse and neglect and mortality showed a pooled HR of 1.86 (95 % CI = 1.26-2.73, I = 81 %). Specific types of abuse (physical, emotional, sexual) were unrelated to mortality risk, but subgroup analyses suggested that physical and emotional abuse were associated with greater mortality risk among women. There was high heterogeneity (I of >75 %) between estimates for almost all predictors.
CONCLUSIONS
Research suggests an association between CAN and adult mortality risk. However, more research is needed to address several limitations within the literature. These include standardising measures of CAN, representative sampling from vulnerable populations and differing geographical regions, and more detailed examination of the multi-faceted experience of abuse and neglect in childhood.
Topics: Adult; Child; Female; Humans; Child Abuse
PubMed: 36244209
DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105922 -
Nursing For Women's Health Dec 2023To explore and synthesize women's experiences of interpersonal violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To explore and synthesize women's experiences of interpersonal violence during the COVID-19 pandemic.
DATA SOURCES
The MEDLINE, Ovid, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched to identify articles published between December 2019 and November 2022.
STUDY SELECTION
Seventeen peer-reviewed studies were included, for a total of 2,046 women.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data were extracted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
DATA SYNTHESIS
COVID-19 brought many challenges for women experiencing interpersonal violence. Women reported worsening of abuse during the pandemic. The pandemic led to severe economic challenges, which eventually precipitated more abuse. Additionally, women experienced mental health distress from social isolation and increased surveillance and control from their abusive partners. Several factors affected their ability to access health care and support services; these included limited availability of services, fear of contracting the virus, and an abusive partner who restricted their movement outside the home.
CONCLUSION
The pandemic presented multiple challenges and additional stressors for women who experienced interpersonal violence during pandemic-related restrictions on services, gatherings, and work and school outside of the home. The findings from this review signify the need to raise public awareness about violence against women and to plan for coordinated efforts to decrease violence against women and address victims' needs in the event of future pandemics or other public health emergencies.
Topics: Female; Humans; Spouse Abuse; Pandemics; COVID-19; Mental Disorders; Violence; Intimate Partner Violence
PubMed: 37866396
DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2023.07.003 -
Trauma, Violence & Abuse Jan 2024This systematic review sought to describe the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization among immigrants in the United States (U.S.) and the prevalence... (Review)
Review
This systematic review sought to describe the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization among immigrants in the United States (U.S.) and the prevalence of IPV perpetration among immigrants in the U.S. PsycInfo, PubMed, Global Health and Scopus databases were searched for peer-reviewed literature that quantitatively examined IPV in relation to immigration. Twenty-four articles were included in the final review. Past-year IPV victimization rates among immigrants ranged from 3.8% to 46.9% and lifetime IPV victimization rates ranged from 13.9% to 93%; past-year IPV perpetration rates ranged from 3.0% to 24.8% and the one lifetime IPV perpetration rate was 12.8%. Estimates varied widely by country of origin, type of violence measured, and measure used to quantify IPV. Reliance on small convenience samples is problematic when trying to determine the true prevalence of IPV among immigrants. Epidemiological research is needed to improve the accuracy and representativeness of findings.
Topics: Humans; United States; Emigration and Immigration; Intimate Partner Violence; Crime Victims; Emigrants and Immigrants; Bullying
PubMed: 37078533
DOI: 10.1177/15248380231165690 -
Trauma, Violence & Abuse Jan 2024Coercive control (CC) is a core facet of intimate partner violence (IPV) and involves asserting power, dominance, and control over another person. Although the adverse... (Review)
Review
Coercive control (CC) is a core facet of intimate partner violence (IPV) and involves asserting power, dominance, and control over another person. Although the adverse impacts of childhood exposure to interparental IPV have been well documented, the outcomes of childhood exposure to interparental CC have not been systematically examined. This study aimed to address this gap by reviewing available empirical evidence on interparental CC and child and family outcomes. Articles were identified by searching electronic databases using keywords relating to CC, children and parents, and child wellbeing outcomes. The final review included 51 studies that reported on adverse outcomes pertaining to parenting and family relationships ( = 29), child internalizing and externalizing problems ( = 7), social-emotional development ( = 5), and physical/health development ( = 17). Specifically, studies reported that CC was associated with increased parental psychopathology, poorer family functioning, harsher parenting and higher levels of child abuse, strained parent-child relationships, children used as tools and co-victims of CC, increased risk of child internalizing and externalizing problems, limited socializing opportunities, increased bullying, poorer perinatal outcomes, limited access to healthcare, and increased risk of child mortality. Evidence identified CC as a unique contributor to adverse child wellbeing outcomes, independent of exposure to IPV more broadly. Results indicated that the impacts of childhood exposure to CC are complex, far reaching, and, in some cases, devastating. The limitations of the findings, as well as implications for practice, policy, and research are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Child; Domestic Violence; Child Abuse; Coercion; Parents; Intimate Partner Violence
PubMed: 36573654
DOI: 10.1177/15248380221139243 -
Examining Technology-Facilitated Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review of Journal Articles.Trauma, Violence & Abuse Jul 2023As intimate partner violence in a cyber world is increasing, scholars have started to pay attention to this phenomenon. This study aims to provide a systematic review of... (Review)
Review
As intimate partner violence in a cyber world is increasing, scholars have started to pay attention to this phenomenon. This study aims to provide a systematic review of empirical studies in the technology-facilitated intimate partner violence (TFIPV) field. We analyzed 31 studies that examined direct TFIPV perpetration and/or victimization experiences identified from four of the largest databases (i.e., Web of Science, PsyInfo, PubMed, and SCOPUS). We found that most studies recruited adolescents or young adults (i.e., college students) and used a very diverse range of terminologies that describe similar phenomena but are not based on validated instruments. We discuss the implications of our findings and suggestions that can enhance the field's rigor and guide future research.
Topics: Adolescent; Young Adult; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Crime Victims; Students; Bullying
PubMed: 35105223
DOI: 10.1177/15248380211061402 -
Medicine, Conflict, and Survival Mar 2023Suicide is the third-leading cause of death globally, predominantly among youth. We aimed at reviewing the available published literature and some reports about suicide,... (Review)
Review
Suicide is the third-leading cause of death globally, predominantly among youth. We aimed at reviewing the available published literature and some reports about suicide, in an attempt to unveil aspects of this mental health problem in Iraq. Articles about suicide in Arab/Middle Eastern countries were also included to compare those populations of a similar race and religion. The estimated suicide rate in Iraq is 1.7/100000 population (mostly among youth), which is still lower than in western countries. However, underreporting is the reason actual numbers are not known and many who attempt suicide do not report it and so hide their intent to die. The most common method of suicide is self-hanging, followed by firearms, self-burning, and self-poisoning. Suicide and suicidality in Iraq are on the increase even though it is believed to be underreported. Many socio-demographic, psychological and environmental factors predispose to ideation, attempts, and completed suicides despite the religious and social taboos. Young females are more represented in suicide attempts and ideation using potentially lethal methods like self-burning as a consequence of higher rates of depression, community and domestic violence. A key component in suicide prevention is improving the accessibility and quality of mental and social health care services.
Topics: Female; Adolescent; Humans; Iraq; Suicide; Suicide, Attempted; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide Prevention
PubMed: 36721333
DOI: 10.1080/13623699.2023.2170580