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Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022This study aimed to evaluate the intervention effect of curcumin in myocardial infarction rodent models. A systematic retrieval of relevant studies on curcumin...
This study aimed to evaluate the intervention effect of curcumin in myocardial infarction rodent models. A systematic retrieval of relevant studies on curcumin intervention in rats or mice myocardial infarction models was conducted, and the data were extracted. The outcome indicators included biochemical blood indicators, such as creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as cardiac tissue structure indicators, such as left ventricular weight to body weight ratio (LVW/BW), apoptosis index, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), and myocardial infarction area, and hemodynamic indexes, such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise (+dp/dtmax), and maximum rate of left ventricular pressure decline (-dp/dtmax). These results were then analyzed by meta-analysis. Studies were evaluated for methodological quality using the syrcle's bias risk tool. A total of 24 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The quality assessment of included studies revealed that the evidence was low quality and none of studies was judged as having a low risk of bias across all domains. The results revealed that curcumin could reduce CK-MB, CK, LDH, and MDA levels. They also revealed that it could lower SBP, DBP, LVEDP, LVW/BW, apoptosis index, LVEDD, LVESD, and myocardial infarction area and increase LVEF, LVFS, +dp/dtmax, and-dp/dtmax. However, it had no significant impact on the heart rate and the levels of SOD in the models. Curcumin alleviates myocardial injury and oxidative stress in myocardial infarction rodent models in terms of blood biochemistry indicators, improves the diastolic and systolic capacity of the ventricle in terms of hemodynamic indexes, and reduces the necrosis and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in terms of tissue structure. The methodological quality of the studies was low and additional research is warranted.
PubMed: 36330084
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.999386 -
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular... Mar 2023Inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) activity has been long considered as the main diagnostic method of organophosphate (OP) and carbamate pesticides poisoning; however,... (Review)
Review
Inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) activity has been long considered as the main diagnostic method of organophosphate (OP) and carbamate pesticides poisoning; however, it has been shown that ChE activity may also be altered due to exposure to other non-organophosphorus toxicants and variety of different medical conditions. Hence, to avoid misdiagnosis, we aimed to systematically review available documents to look for additional biomarkers of OP and carbamate poisoning. The electronic databases in addition to Google scholar were searched for eligible articles on March 2022 using "organophosphate," "carbamate," and "biomarker" including all their similar terms. After collecting the relevant documents, the data were extracted and described qualitatively. In total, data of 66 articles from 51 human and 15 animal studies were extracted. Findings demonstrated that enzymes such as β-glucuronidase, neuropathy target esterase, amylase, and lipase, in addition to hematological indicators such as CBC, CRP, lactate dehydrogenase, and CPK have high sensitivity and accuracy in the diagnosis of OP poisoning. Findings suggest that using various markers for diagnosis of OP intoxication is helpful for appropriate management, and early identifying the patients at risk of death. The suggested biomarkers also help to avoid misdiagnosis of OP poisoning with other similar conditions.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Pesticides; Organophosphates; Organophosphate Poisoning; Carbamates; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36524544
DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23285 -
Journal of Thoracic Disease Dec 2020Since December 2019, the pneumonia cases infected with 2019 novel coronavirus have appeared, posing a critical threat to global health. In this study, we performed a... (Review)
Review
Since December 2019, the pneumonia cases infected with 2019 novel coronavirus have appeared, posing a critical threat to global health. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to discover the different clinical characteristics between severe and non-severe patients with COVID-19 to find the potential risk factors and predictors of this disease's severity, as well as to serve as a guidance for subsequent epidemic prevention and control work. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase and other databases were searched to collect studies on the difference of clinical characteristics of severe and non-severe patients. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software, and the funnel plots could be made to evaluate the publication bias. P>0.05 means no statistical significance. Furthermore, a meta-regression analysis was performed by using Stata 15.0 to find the potential factors of the high degree of heterogeneity (I>50%). Sixteen studies have been included, with 1,172 severe patients and 2,803 non-severe patients. Compared with non-severe patients, severe patients were more likely to have the symptoms of dyspnea, hemoptysis, and the complications of ARDS, shock, secondary infection, acute kidney injury, and acute cardiac injury. Interestingly, the former smokers were more prevalent in severe cases as compared to non-severe cases, but there was no difference between the two groups of 'current smokers'. Except for chronic liver disease and chronic kidney disease, the underlying comorbidities of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), malignancy, cerebrovascular disease, and HIV can make the disease worse. In terms of laboratory indicators, the decreased lymphocyte and platelet count, and the increased levels of white blood cell (WBC), D-dimer, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and C-reactive protein were more prevalent in severe patients. Meta-regression analysis showed that patient age, gender, and proportion of severe cases did not significantly impact on the outcomes of any clinical indexes that showed high degree of heterogeneity in the meta-analysis. In conclusion, the severity of COVID-19 could be evaluated by, radiologic finding, some symptoms like dyspnea and hemoptysis, some laboratory indicators, and smoking history, especially the ex-smokers. Compared with non-severe patients, severe patients were more likely to have complications and comorbidities including hypertension, cardiovascular disease etc., which were the risk factors for the disease to be severer, but the chronic liver disease and chronic kidney disease were not associated the severity of COVID-19 in China.
PubMed: 33447431
DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-1743 -
Journal of Medical Virology Apr 2021Previous studies reported the positive viral RNA among coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) recovered patients. This study aimed to summarize the current evidence of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Previous studies reported the positive viral RNA among coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) recovered patients. This study aimed to summarize the current evidence of factors associated with the risk of disease recurrence. PubMed and Embase were searched until September 2020 to identify studies assessing characteristics of recurrence and nonrecurrence subjects after discharge. Random-effect meta-analysis was used to pool estimates of odds ratio (OR) or weighted mean difference (WMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across studies. Meta-analysis data were available for age, sex, hospital duration, disease severity, seven comorbidities, five symptoms, five indexes of blood routine, nine indexes of blood biochemistry, four treatment therapies, two antibodies, and history of high-risk contact. Among them, hospital duration of recurrence cases was significantly shorter than nonrecurrence subjects (WMD, -1.55 days; 95% CI, -2.66 to -0.45). Fatigue, positive Immunoglobulin M (IgM), and positive IgG were associated with an increased risk of recurrence cases, with ORs and 95% CIs of 4.06 (1.14-14.4), 2.95 (1.15-7.61), and 3.45 (1.58-7.54), respectively. In contrast, the odds of recurrence cases were observed to significantly lower in subjects with elevated lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein, low lymphocyte count, steroid and arbidol use, with ORs (95% CIs) of 1.08 (0.27-4.37), 0.49 (0.27-0.97), 0.64 (0.42-0.97), 0.48 (0.25-0.96), and 0.48 (0.25-0.92), respectively. This study provided up-to-date evidence of several clinical and epidemiological characteristics in the association with COVID-19 recurrence cases. Further in-depth analyses for the causal effect of factors on re-positive viral RNA are needed for the management of discharged patients with COVID-19.
Topics: C-Reactive Protein; COVID-19; COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing; Databases, Factual; False Negative Reactions; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; RNA, Viral; Recurrence; SARS-CoV-2; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 33135788
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26648 -
The Journal of Infection Oct 2020Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic. This systematic review compares mortality risk factors including clinical, demographic and laboratory features of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic. This systematic review compares mortality risk factors including clinical, demographic and laboratory features of COVID-19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). The aim is to provide new strategies for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis, using five databases to compare the predictors of death for COVID-19, SARS and MERS. A random-effects model meta-analysis calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
RESULTS
845 articles up through 11/4/2020 were retrieved, but only 28 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that males had a higher likelihood of death than females (OR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.56-2.13). Age (OR = 7.86, 95% CI 5.46-11.29), diabetes comorbidity (OR = 3.73, 95% CI 2.35-5.90), chronic lung disease (OR = 3.43, 95% CI 1.80-6.52) and hypertension (OR = 3.38, 95% CI 2.45-4.67) were the mortality risk factors. The laboratory indicators lactic dehydrogenase (OR = 37.52, 95% CI 24.68-57.03), C-reactive protein (OR = 12.11, 95% CI 5.24-27.98), and neutrophils (OR = 17.56, 95% CI 10.67-28.90) had stronger correlations with COVID-19 mortality than with SARS or MERS mortality. Consolidation and ground-glass opacity imaging features were similar among COVID-19, SARS, and MERS patients.
CONCLUSIONS
COVID-19's mortality factors are similar to those of SARS and MERS. Age and laboratory indicators could be effective predictors of COVID-19 mortality outcomes.
Topics: Betacoronavirus; C-Reactive Protein; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Hypertension; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; Neutrophils; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Risk Factors; Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; Sex Factors
PubMed: 32634459
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.002 -
Frontiers in Global Women's Health 2021Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need for further research on its manifestation in pregnant women, since they are particularly prone to respiratory pathogens,...
Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need for further research on its manifestation in pregnant women, since they are particularly prone to respiratory pathogens, like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), due to physiological changes during pregnancy. Its effects on infants born to mothers with COVID-19 are also not well-studied, and more evidence is needed on vertical transmission of the disease from mother to infant and on the transmission of IgG/IgM antibodies between mother and infant. We aim to systematically review and evaluate the effects of COVID-19 among SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant women in late pregnancy and neonates with SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant mothers using blood assays to find indicators of maternal and neonatal complications. We searched for original published articles in Google Scholar, Medline (PubMed), and Embase databases to identify articles in the English language from December 2019 to July 20, 2020. Duplicate entries were searched by their titles, authors, date of publication, and Digital Object Identifier. The selected studies were included based on patient pregnancy on admission, pregnant mothers with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 virus, maternal/neonatal complications, and blood test results. We excluded duplicate studies, articles where full text was not available, other languages than English, opinions, and perspectives. The meta-analysis using the Generalized Linear Mixed model was conducted using the "meta" and "metaprop" packages in R code. Of the 1,642 studies assessed for eligibility, 29 studies (375 mothers and neonates) were included. Preterm birth rate was 34.2%, and cesarean section rate was 82.7%. Maternal laboratory findings found elevated neutrophils (71.4%; 95% CI: 38.5-90.9), elevated CRP (67.7%; 95%: 50.6-81.1), and low hemoglobin (57.3%; 95% CI: 26.0-87.8). We found platelet count, lactate dehydrogenase, and procalcitonin to be less strongly correlated with preterm birth than between high neutrophil counts ( = 0.0007), low hemoglobin ( = 0.0188), and risk of preterm birth. There is little evidence for vertical transmission. Elevated procalcitonin levels (23.2%; 95% CI: 8.4-49.8) are observed in infants born to mothers with COVID-19, which could indicate risk for neonatal sepsis. These infants may gain passive immunity to COVID-19 through antibody transfer via placenta. These results can guide current obstetrical care during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
PubMed: 34816200
DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2021.647072 -
Journal of Oral Biology and... 2023Tobacco and smoke associated with tobacco comprises of a mixture of more than 9500 chemical compounds, most of which have been identified as harmful. Two of the most... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Tobacco and smoke associated with tobacco comprises of a mixture of more than 9500 chemical compounds, most of which have been identified as harmful. Two of the most potent carcinogens found in cigarette smoke are N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The most commonly used method to detect and monitor nicotine addiction is via serum cotinine levels. Though considered the gold standard, there is a decline in preventive screening and diagnostic testing due to the fear of pain from invasive testing.
DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION
A structured literature search was performed using the search engines PubMed and Google scholar following the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. The titles and abstracts were retrieved and analysed, followed by full-text relevant data extraction in addition to a risk-of-bias analysis.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
A total of 37 studies were included in the systematic review. Salivary cotinine levels were compared between smokers and non-smokers, cigarette smokers and water pipe smokers, water pipe smokers and non-smokers. Lactate dehydrogenase salivary levels were compared between smokers and non-smokers, and salivary thiocyanate were compared between smokers and non-smokers.
CONCLUSIONS
Identifying biomarkers with high performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity will contribute to accelerating future research in this domain.
PubMed: 38028231
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.10.003 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022Saliva is a useful biomarker for diagnosing oral health conditions, including periodontal disease (PD). Smoking is a risk factor for PD. The aim of this systematic... (Review)
Review
Saliva is a useful biomarker for diagnosing oral health conditions, including periodontal disease (PD). Smoking is a risk factor for PD. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the salivary biomarkers associated with PD based on smoking status. A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane, SCOPUS, and Web of Sciences databases was conducted up to 1 January 2021 using key terms relevant to the topic of our research and Cochrane methodology and improved with searching a gray literature resource. The methodological quality of all included studies was assessed with the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. Seven studies were included. Smokers had increased levels of malondialdehyde, sialic acid, salivary cortisol, salivary interleukin 1β, albumin, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP), and the pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), as well as decreased levels of superoxide dismutase, activity of lactate dehydrogenase, activity of enzyme activity of β-glucuronidase, uric acid, matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8)/TIMP-1 ratio, and combinations of MMP-8 and ICTP. However, mixed results were observed some studies in detecting glutathione peroxidase, MMP-8, and MMP-14. The results were interpreted with caution because of limitations in the number of included studies and the study design. Some salivary biomarkers are potentially useful in combination or alone for diagnosing PD. Methodological and systematic studies are needed to develop more effective biomarkers.
Topics: Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; Periodontal Diseases; Saliva; Biomarkers; Smoking
PubMed: 36361498
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114619 -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Jun 2022This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prognostic performance of elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients with COVID-19. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prognostic performance of elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients with COVID-19.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase and EuropePMC on 19 November 2020. The outcome of interest was composite poor outcome, defined as a combined endpoint of mortality, severity, need for invasive mechanical ventilation and need for intensive care unit care. Severity followed the included studies' criteria.
RESULTS
There are 10 399 patients from 21 studies. Elevated LDH was present in 44% (34%-53%) of the patients. Meta-regression analysis showed that diabetes was correlated with elevated LDH (OR 1.01 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.02), p=0.038), but not age (p=0.710), male (p=0.068) and hypertension (p=0.969). Meta-analysis showed that elevated LDH was associated with composite poor outcome (OR 5.33 (95% CI 3.90 to 7.31), p<0.001; I: 77.5%). Subgroup analysis showed that elevated LDH increased mortality (OR 4.22 (95% CI 2.49 to 7.14), p<0.001; I: 89%). Elevated LDH has a sensitivity of 0.74 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.85), specificity of 0.69 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.78), positive likelihood ratio of 2.4 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.9), negative likelihood ratio of 0.38 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.55), diagnostic OR of 6 (95% CI 4 to 9) and area under curve of 0.77 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.80). Elevated LDH would indicate a 44% posterior probability and non-elevated LDH would in indicate 11% posterior probability for poor prognosis. Meta-regression analysis showed that age, male, hypertension and diabetes did not contribute to the heterogeneity of the analyses.
CONCLUSION
LDH was associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42020221594.
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hypertension; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactate Dehydrogenases; Male; Prognosis
PubMed: 33452143
DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139542 -
Current Opinion in Cardiology May 2021Preventive cardiology has an important role to play in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Preventive cardiology has an important role to play in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been observed to have a greater mortality impact on subgroups of people in the population who are deemed to be at higher medical disease risk. Individuals with cardiovascular disorders are one such COVID-19-associated high-mortality risk group.
RECENT FINDINGS
Evidence is accumulating that COVID-19 infection may worsen an individual's future cardiovascular health, and, preinfection/postinfection cardiovascular evaluation may be warranted to determine if progressive cardiovascular damage has occurred because of COVID-19 infection. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, focusing on the association between COVID-19 severity and cardiac-specific biomarkers, including N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), troponin T (TnT)/troponin I (TnI), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase, and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB). TnT had the highest odds ratio or OR (11.83) indicating the greatest association with COVID-19 severity, followed by NT-proBNP (7.57), TnI (6.32), LDH (4.79), D-dimer (4.10), creatine kinase (3.43), and CK-MB (3.35). All of the biomarkers studied were significantly correlated with COVID-19 severity including severe symptoms, ICU care, and mortality (P < 0.0001, except P < 0.01 for CK-MB).
SUMMARY
COVID-19 infection results in short-term and long-term disease risk that may involve adverse cardiovascular health issues including heart failure. Cardiac-specific biomarkers appear to identify a subset of COVID-19 patients who have the highest risk of an adverse medical outcome. Preventive cardiology has an important role to play in the COVID-19 pandemic.The risk/benefit analysis of maintaining or eliminating the use of the angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) medications deserves further investigation.
Topics: Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Biomarkers; COVID-19; Humans; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33709980
DOI: 10.1097/HCO.0000000000000851