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BMC Oral Health Jul 2022Before the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination fixed orthodontic devices, such as brackets and wires, cause challenges not only for the orthodontist but also...
BACKGROUND
Before the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination fixed orthodontic devices, such as brackets and wires, cause challenges not only for the orthodontist but also for the radiologist. Essentially, the MRI-safe scan of the fixed orthodontic tools requires a proper guideline in clinical practice. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to examine all aspects of MRI-safe scan, including artifact, thermal, and debonding effects, to identify any existing gaps in knowledge in this regard and develop an evidence-based protocol.
METHODS
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement was used in this study. The clinical question in "PIO" format was: "Does MRI examination influence the temperature of the orthodontic devices, the size of artifacts, and the debonding force in patients who have fixed orthodontic bracket and/or wire?" The search process was carried out in PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The search resulted in 1310 articles. After selection according to the eligibility criteria, 18 studies were analyzed by two reviewers. The risk of bias was determined using the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool.
RESULTS
Out of the eligible 18 studies, 10 articles examined the heating effect, 6 were about the debonding effect, and 11 measured the size of artifact regarding brackets and wires. Considering the quality assessment, the overall levels of evidence were high and medium. The published studies showed that heating and debonding effects during MRI exposure were not hazardous for patients. As some wires revealed higher temperature changes, it is suggested to remove the wire or insert a spacer between the appliances and the oral mucosa. Based on the material, ceramic and plastic brackets caused no relevant artifact and were MRI-safe. Stainless steel brackets and wires resulted in susceptibility artifacts in the orofacial region and could cause distortion in the frontal lobe, orbits, and pituitary gland. The retainer wires showed no relevant artifact.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the thermal and debonding effects of the fixed orthodontic brackets and wires were irrelevant or resoluble; however, the size of the artifacts was clinically relevant and determined most significantly the feasibility of fixed brackets and wires in MRI examination.
Topics: Artifacts; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Orthodontic Brackets; Orthodontic Wires; Stainless Steel
PubMed: 35854295
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02317-9 -
Cephalalgia : An International Journal... Feb 2023Migraine is a highly prevalent primary headache disorder. Despite a high burden of disease, key disease mechanisms are not entirely understood. Functional magnetic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Migraine is a highly prevalent primary headache disorder. Despite a high burden of disease, key disease mechanisms are not entirely understood. Functional magnetic resonance imaging is an imaging method using the blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal, which has been increasingly used in migraine research over recent years. This systematic review summarizes recent findings employing functional magnetic resonance imaging for the investigation of migraine.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic search and selection of functional magnetic resonance imaging applications in migraine from April 2014 to December 2021 (PubMed and references of identified articles according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines). Methodological details and main findings were extracted and synthesized.
RESULTS
Out of 224 articles identified, 114 were included after selection. Repeatedly emerging structures of interest included the insula, brainstem, limbic system, hypothalamus, thalamus, and functional networks. Assessment of functional brain changes in response to treatment is emerging, and machine learning has been used to investigate potential functional magnetic resonance imaging-based markers of migraine.
CONCLUSIONS
A wide variety of functional magnetic resonance imaging-based metrics were found altered across the brain for heterogeneous migraine cohorts, partially correlating with clinical parameters and supporting the concept to conceive migraine as a brain state. However, a majority of findings from previous studies have not been replicated, and studies varied considerably regarding image acquisition and analyses techniques. Thus, while functional magnetic resonance imaging appears to have the potential to advance our understanding of migraine pathophysiology, replication of findings in large representative datasets and precise, standardized reporting of clinical data would likely benefit the field and further increase the value of observations.
Topics: Humans; Migraine Disorders; Brain; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Brain Mapping; Hypothalamus
PubMed: 36751858
DOI: 10.1177/03331024221128278 -
Neuromodulation : Journal of the... Jun 2022Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is often used in clinical practice and research protocols for adults with neuropsychiatric disorders. There are substantial knowledge gaps... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is often used in clinical practice and research protocols for adults with neuropsychiatric disorders. There are substantial knowledge gaps related to the application of TBS in children and adolescents. This systematic review examined the safety and tolerability of TBS in children and adolescents.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review of human TBS studies in children and adolescents was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The following inclusion criteria were applied: 1) articles in English language only; 2) studies that included child and adolescent participants (up to 21 years of age); 3) studies that administered intermittent TBS or continuous TBS or both to participants; 4) studies that had an outcome measure; and 5) availability of full text material. The primary outcome measures were tolerability and safety. When feasible, the clinical effects were reviewed.
RESULTS
Twenty relevant articles met the criteria for inclusion. The reported adverse events were mild and similar to what is noted in adult studies. The most common symptom was headache. One case report described a seizure induced by TBS. Collectively, the studies were heterogeneous but the methodologic quality of randomized trials was high.
CONCLUSIONS
TBS interventions in children may have similar safety, tolerability, and feasibility as compared to adults. However, long-term, follow-up studies of TBS are lacking. Future dose-ranging studies with systematic assessment of adverse events will be important in the translation of findings with TBS from adults to youth.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Follow-Up Studies; Headache; Humans; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
PubMed: 35670061
DOI: 10.1111/ner.13455 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2021Magnetic control systems of micro-robots have recently blossomed as one of the most thrilling areas in the field of medical treatment. For the sake of learning how to...
Magnetic control systems of micro-robots have recently blossomed as one of the most thrilling areas in the field of medical treatment. For the sake of learning how to apply relevant technologies in medical services, we systematically review pioneering works published in the past and divide magnetic control systems into three categories: stationary electromagnet control systems, permanent magnet control systems and mobile electromagnet control systems. Based on this, we ulteriorly analyze and illustrate their respective strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, aiming at surmounting the instability of magnetic control system, we utilize SolidWorks2020 software to partially modify the SAMM system to make its final overall thickness attain 111 mm, which is capable to control and observe the motion of the micro-robot under the microscope system in an even better fashion. Ultimately, we emphasize the challenges and open problems that urgently need to be settled, and summarize the direction of development in this field, which plays a momentous role in the wide and safe application of magnetic control systems of micro-robots in clinic.
PubMed: 34512256
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.736730 -
Brain Imaging and Behavior Jun 2022Functional neuroimaging modalities have enhanced our understanding of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) underlying neural mechanisms. Due to its non-invasive, sensitive... (Review)
Review
Functional neuroimaging modalities have enhanced our understanding of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) underlying neural mechanisms. Due to its non-invasive, sensitive and analytical nature, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides valuable insights into relevant functional brain networks and their segregation and integration properties. We systematically reviewed the contribution of resting-state and task-based fMRI to the current understanding of the pathophysiology and the patterns of seizure propagation in JME Altogether, despite some discrepancies, functional findings suggest that corticothalamo-striato-cerebellar network along with default-mode network and salience network are the most affected networks in patients with JME. However, further studies are required to investigate the association between JME's main deficiencies, e.g., motor and cognitive deficiencies and fMRI findings. Moreover, simultaneous electroencephalography-fMRI (EEG-fMRI) studies indicate that alterations of these networks play a role in seizure modulation but fall short of identifying a causal relationship between altered functional properties and seizure propagation. This review highlights the complex pathophysiology of JME, which necessitates the design of more personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in this group.
Topics: Brain; Electroencephalography; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile; Seizures
PubMed: 34786666
DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00595-5 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Jun 2021Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been used for various pathologies associated with bone marrow oedema (BME). However, it is still not clear whether ESWT may... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been used for various pathologies associated with bone marrow oedema (BME). However, it is still not clear whether ESWT may be favourable in the treatment of BME. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of ESWT for the treatment of BME.
METHODS
MEDLINE was searched for relevant literature with no time constraints. Both randomized and non-randomized trials were included. Case reports and conference abstracts were excluded. Titles and abstracts were screened and full-text articles of included studies were retrieved. Data on the effect of ESWT on pain, function, and the BME area on magnet resonance imaging were extracted.
RESULTS
Pain, function, and magnet resonance imaging results all improved across the studies - regardless of whether it was a randomized or non-randomized study. This effect was consistent across multiple pathologies such as osteonecrosis of the femoral head, BME associated with knee osteoarthritis, Kienböck's disease, and osteitis pubis. The meta-analysis showed that pain (after 1 month: weighted mean difference (WMD) = - 2.23, 95% CI - 2.58 to - 1.88, P < 0.0001; after 3-6 month: WMD = - 1.72, 95% CI - 2.52 to - 0.92, P < 0.00001) and function (after 1 month: WMD = - 1.59, 95% CI - 2.04 to - 1.14, P < 0.0001; after 3-6 month: WMD = - 2.06, 95% CI - 3.16 to - 0.96, P = 0.0002; after ≥ 12 month: WMD = - 1.20, 95% CI - 1.83 to - 0.56, P = 0.0002) was reduced in terms of ESWT treatment compared to a control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the available evidence, ESWT may be an adequate option for conservative therapy in pathologies involving BME.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO, CRD42021201719 . Registered 23 December 2020.
Topics: Bone Diseases; Bone Marrow; Conservative Treatment; Edema; Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy; Female; Femur Head Necrosis; Humans; Male; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34107978
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02484-5 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Jun 2022A systematic review of the effect of different overdenture attachments with different loading protocols on peri-implant health is lacking. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Effect of 2-implant mandibular overdenture with different attachments and loading protocols on peri-implant health and prosthetic complications: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
A systematic review of the effect of different overdenture attachments with different loading protocols on peri-implant health is lacking.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of different overdenture attachments with delayed or immediately loaded 2-implant-retained mandibular overdentures on peri-implant tissue health.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A comprehensive search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library was conducted to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The outcomes were marginal bone loss, probing depth, plaque index, bleeding on probing, implant survival rate, and prosthetic complications. The Bayesian network meta-analysis accompanied by a random effect model and 95% credible intervals was calculated.
RESULTS
Sixteen RCT (n=599 participants receiving 1198 dental implants) were included. Five common overdenture attachment systems with delayed or immediate loading were compared. The difference in marginal bone loss and probing depth was not statistically significant when comparing different overdenture attachments with different loading protocols. The rank probability test showed that bar+ immediate loading ranked highest (63.8%) in terms of marginal bone loss, whereas ball+ delayed loading (73.3%) ranked highest in terms of probing depth. The implant survival rate was 100% for the LOCATOR+ delayed loading, resilient telescopic+ delayed loading, and magnet+ immediate loading; however, bar+ delayed loading, ball+ delayed loading, magnet+ delayed loading, LOCATOR+ immediate loading, ball+ immediate loading, and bar+ immediate loading had survival rates of 99.1%, 98.8%, 96.0%, 94.7%, 93.1%, and 91.2%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
All types of overdenture attachment with immediate loading or delayed loading had a similar effect on peri-implant health. Bar+ immediate loading was associated with the least marginal bone loss, whereas ball+ delayed loading showed the least probing depth.
Topics: Dental Implants; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Denture, Overlay; Humans; Immediate Dental Implant Loading; Jaw, Edentulous; Mandible; Network Meta-Analysis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33546861
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.12.016 -
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences May 2023A third of people suffering from major depressive disorder do not experience a significant improvement in their symptoms even after adequate treatment with two different... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
A third of people suffering from major depressive disorder do not experience a significant improvement in their symptoms even after adequate treatment with two different antidepressant medications. This common condition, termed treatment-resistant depression (TRD), severely affects the quality of life of millions of people worldwide, causing long-lasting interpersonal problems and social costs. Given its epidemiological and clinical relevance and the little consensus on whether the neurobiological underpinnings of TRD differ from treatment-sensitive depression (TSD), we sought to highlight the convergent morphometric and functional neuroimaging correlates of TRD.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed the published literature on structural and resting-state functional neuroimaging of TRD compared to TSD and healthy controls (HC) and performed exploratory coordinate-based meta-analyses (CBMA) of significant results separately for each modality and multimodally ("all-effects"). CBMAs were also performed for each direction and combining both directions of group contrasts.
RESULTS
Out of the initial 1929 studies, only eight involving 555 participants (189 patients with TRD, 156 with TSD, and 210 HC) were included. In all-effects CBMA, precentral/superior frontal gyrus showed a significant difference between TRD and HC. Functional and structural imaging meta-analyses did not yield statistically significant results. A marginally significant cluster of altered intrinsic activity was found between TRD and HC in the cerebellum/pons.
CONCLUSIONS
Frontal, cerebellar, and brainstem functions can be involved in the pathophysiology of TRD. However, the design and heterogeneity of the (scarce) published literature hinder the generalizability of the findings.
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Depression; Quality of Life; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 36641802
DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13530 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Sep 2022Although mandibular implant-supported overdentures have been highly recommended as a treatment option, a consensus on the type of attachment systems that can be used to... (Review)
Review
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Although mandibular implant-supported overdentures have been highly recommended as a treatment option, a consensus on the type of attachment systems that can be used to increase implant and prostheses survivability is lacking.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare different types of attachments for retention by investigating outcome measures such as implant and prosthesis survival rates and biological and prosthesis complications in participants with a mandibular implant-supported overdenture.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The search was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Scopus databases by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria and registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021253566). An analysis of association was conducted between different attachment systems and implant and overdenture survival rates in randomized controlled clinical trials.
RESULTS
The initial search indicated 477 studies, of which 25 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included for analysis. A total of 2154 implants and 737 overdentures were analyzed in the meta-analysis. The main results indicated the failure rate for dental implants to be 2.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 3.2) and overdentures 4.2% (95% CI, 1.6 to 10.5), respectively. With regard to different attachment systems, a similar failure rate was identified with bar-type retention (7.7% to 95% CI, 3.0 to 18.1), magnetic retention systems (7.6% to 95% CI, 2.2 to 22.7), and ball-type retention (6.8% to 95% CI, 3.0 to 14.3). No significant difference was found in biological complications for splinted and unsplinted implant overdentures (P=.902). Regarding prosthetic complications, the most favorable groups were LOCATOR attachments followed by telescopic and Conus, bar, and ball attachments. Magnet attachments had higher prosthetic complications (7.4 times) than the other attachments.
CONCLUSIONS
Implants and implant-supported mandibular overdentures showed a high survival rate irrespective of the attachment system used. Splinting implants did not significantly affect the rate of biological complications. Prosthetic complications were most common for magnet and least common for LOCATOR attachments.
PubMed: 36115712
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.08.004 -
Neurosurgical Review Apr 2022Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) of the brain allows quantitative measurement of tissue mechanics. Multiple studies are exploring possible applications in normal... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) of the brain allows quantitative measurement of tissue mechanics. Multiple studies are exploring possible applications in normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) in clinical and paraclinical contexts. This is of great interest in neurological surgery due to challenges related to diagnosis and prediction of treatment effects. In this scoping review, we present a topical overview and discuss the current literature, with particular attention to clinical implications and current challenges.
METHODS
The protocol was based on the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. After a systematic database search (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science), the articles were screened for relevance. Thirty articles were subject to detailed screening, and key technical and clinical data items were extracted. The inclusion criteria included the use of MRE on human subjects with NPH.
RESULTS
Seven articles were included in the final study. These studies had various objectives including the role of MRE in the assessment of regional elastic changes in NPH, shunt effect, and evaluation of NPH symptoms. MRE revealed patterns of mechanical changes in NPH that differed from other dementias. Regional MRE changes were associated with specific NPH signs and symptoms. Neurosurgical shunting caused partial normalization in tissue scaffold parameters. The studies were highly heterogeneous in technical aspects and design.
CONCLUSION
MRE studies in NPH are still limited by few participants, variable cohorts, inconsistent methodologies, and technical challenges, but the approach shows great potential for future clinical application.
Topics: Brain; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Humans; Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 34687356
DOI: 10.1007/s10143-021-01669-0