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Journal of Affective Disorders May 2023This review systematically examined the associations between chronic stress and hair cortisol concentration (HCC) in children, and the potential modification effects of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
This review systematically examined the associations between chronic stress and hair cortisol concentration (HCC) in children, and the potential modification effects of type, measurement period and scales of chronic stress, child age and sex, hair length and HCC measurement method, characteristics of study site, and congruence between time periods measured for chronic stress and HCC.
METHODS
Pubmed, Wed of Science, and APA PsycINFO were systematically searched for articles examining the association between chronic stress and HCC.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies from five countries with 1,455 participants were included in the systematic review and nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that chronic stress was associated with HCC (pooled-r = 0.09, 95 % CI: 0.03, 0.16). Stratified analyses revealed that type, measurement time and scales of chronic stress, hair length and measurement method of HCC, and the congruence between time periods measured for chronic stress and HCC modified such correlations. The positive correlations between chronic stress and HCC were significant for studies measuring chronic stress as stressful life events, assessing chronic stress within the past six months, extracting HCC from 1 cm, 3 cm, or 6 cm of hair, measuring HCC by LC-MS/MS, or having congruence between time periods measured for chronic stress and HCC. The potential modifying effects of sex and country developmental status could not be concluded due to the limited number of studies included.
CONCLUSIONS
Chronic stress was positively correlated with HCC, varying by characteristics and measurements of chronic stress and HCC. HCC could be a biomarker for chronic stress among children.
Topics: Humans; Child; Stress, Psychological; Hydrocortisone; Chromatography, Liquid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Hair
PubMed: 36868386
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.123 -
Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental Jan 2022The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to extensive development in many fields, including the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection by mass spectrometry. The aim of this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to extensive development in many fields, including the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection by mass spectrometry. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the accuracy of mass spectrometry diagnostic tests developed so far, across a wide range of biological matrices, and additionally to assess risks of bias and applicability in studies published to date.
METHOD
23 retrospective observational cohort studies were included in the systematic review using the PRISMA-DTA framework, with a total of 2858 COVID-19 positive participants and 2544 controls. Risks of bias and applicability were assessed via a QUADAS-2 questionnaire. A meta-analysis was also performed focusing on sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy and Youden's Index, in addition to assessing heterogeneity.
FINDINGS
Sensitivity averaged 0.87 in the studies reviewed herein (interquartile range 0.81-0.96) and specificity 0.88 (interquartile range 0.82-0.98), with an area under the receiver operating characteristic summary curve of 0.93. By subgroup, the best diagnostic results were achieved by viral proteomic analyses of nasopharyngeal swabs and metabolomic analyses of plasma and serum. The performance of other sampling matrices (breath, sebum, saliva) was less good, indicating that these protocols are currently insufficiently mature for clinical application.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates the potential for mass spectrometry and 'omics in achieving accurate test results for COVID-19 diagnosis, but also highlights the need for further work to optimize and harmonize practice across laboratories before these methods can be translated to clinical applications.
Topics: COVID-19; COVID-19 Testing; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 34715115
DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154922 -
Heliyon Jun 2020Quantitative proteomic workflow based on mass spectrometry (MS) is recently developed by the researchers to screen for biomarkers in periodontal diseases comprising... (Review)
Review
Quantitative proteomic workflow based on mass spectrometry (MS) is recently developed by the researchers to screen for biomarkers in periodontal diseases comprising periodontitis. Periodontitis is known for chronic inflammatory disease characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus, yet has a lack of clear pathobiology based on a discrepancy between specified categories and diagnostic vagueness. The objective of this review was to outlined the accessible information related to proteomics studies on periodontitis. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematical Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement guides to acquaint proteomic analysis on periodontal diseases was applied. Three databases were used in this study, such as Pubmed, ScienceDirect and Biomed Central from 2009 up to November 2019. Proteomics analysis platforms that used in the studies were outlined. Upregulated and downregulated proteins findings data were found, in which could be suitable as candidate biomarkers for this disease.
PubMed: 32529063
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04022 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Early detection of Mycoplasmal mastitis is greatly hampered by late seroconversion, slow growth of Mycoplasma organisms, intermittent shedding, and the high cost of... (Review)
Review
Early detection of Mycoplasmal mastitis is greatly hampered by late seroconversion, slow growth of Mycoplasma organisms, intermittent shedding, and the high cost of diagnostic tests. To improve future diagnostic development, examining the available techniques is necessary. Accordingly, the present study systematically reviewed diagnostic studies published between January 2000 and April 2023 utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. The protocol registration was performed according to the Open Science Framework (osf.io/ug79h), and the electronic search was conducted in the World Catalog, Mendeley, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Semantic Scholar, PubMed, Google Scholar, Prime Scholar, and PubMed Central databases using a Boolean operator and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the 1194 pieces of literature retrieved, 67 studies were included. Four broad categories of up to 16 diagnostic approaches were reported: microbial culture, serological, DNA-based, and mass spectrometry. Overall, DNA-based techniques were the most published (48.0%), with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) as the most promising user-friendly, equipment-free techniques. On the other hand, mass spectrometry was reported as the least utilized (2.9%) given the high equipment cost. Though costly and laboratory-allied, DNA-based techniques, particularly PCRs, were reported as the most rapid and specific approach.
PubMed: 37764986
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091178 -
Biomolecules & Therapeutics Nov 2021Researchers have endeavored to identify the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Though the pathogenesis of... (Review)
Review
Researchers have endeavored to identify the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Though the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases remains unknown, dysregulation of the immune system in the host gastrointestinal tract is believed to be the major causative factor. Omics is a powerful methodological tool that can reveal biochemical information stored in clinical samples. Lipidomics is a subset of omics that explores the lipid classes associated with inflammation. One objective of the present systematic review was to facilitate the identification of biochemical targets for use in future lipidomic studies on inflammatory bowel diseases. The use of high-resolution mass spectrometry to observe alterations in global lipidomics might help elucidate the immunoregulatory mechanisms involved in inflammatory bowel diseases and discover novel biomarkers for them. Assessment of the characteristics of previous clinical trials on inflammatory bowel diseases could help researchers design and establish patient selection and analytical method criteria for future studies on these conditions. In this study, we curated literature exclusively from four databases and extracted lipidomics-related data from literature, considering criteria. This paper suggests that the lipidomics approach toward research in inflammatory bowel diseases can clarify their pathogenesis and identify clinically valuable biomarkers to predict and monitor their progression.
PubMed: 34565718
DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.125 -
Clinical Endocrinology Apr 2023To explore the associations between endogenous testosterone blood concentrations and muscle mass, strength and performance in community dwelling women. DESIGN,...
OBJECTIVE
To explore the associations between endogenous testosterone blood concentrations and muscle mass, strength and performance in community dwelling women. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: Online databases, including Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science, were searched for observational studies, with at least 100 female participants, reporting associations between endogenous testosterone blood concentrations and muscle mass, strength and performance. The findings were synthesized in a narrative review. Heterogeneity in study design and analysis precluded a meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Of the 36 articles retrieved for full-text review, 10 met the inclusion criteria. Eight studies were cross-sectional, 1 longitudinal and 1 provided both cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Testosterone was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in two studies and by immunoassay in 8. An association between total testosterone and muscle mass, strength or performance in women was not found. The studies of calculated free or bioavailable testosterone and lean muscle mass reported a positive association, but no association was reported for muscle strength or performance. Each included study was limited by a high risk of bias in at least one assessed domain.
CONCLUSIONS
This review does not support an association between testosterone and muscle mass, strength or performance in women. This, together with the reported associations between free or bioavailable testosterone and muscle mass should be interpreted cautiously due to the predominant use of immunoassay and the inaccuracy of calculated variables. Additionally, biological significance of nonprotein bound testosterone has not been established. Further studies examining the relationship between precisely measured testosterone and muscle mass and function in women are required.
Topics: Observational Studies as Topic; Testosterone; Muscle Strength; Muscles; Postmenopause; Premenopause; Body Composition; Humans; Female
PubMed: 36585396
DOI: 10.1111/cen.14874 -
Microbial Biotechnology Oct 2022There was inconsistent evidence regarding the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for microorganism... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
There was inconsistent evidence regarding the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for microorganism identification with/without antibiotic stewardship team (AST) and the clinical outcome of patients with bloodstream infections (BSI). In a systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluated the effectiveness of rapid microbial identification by MALDI-TOF MS with and without AST on clinical outcomes. We searched PubMed and EMBASE databases from inception to 1 February 2022 to identify pre-post and parallel comparative studies that evaluated the use of MALDI-TOF MS for microorganism identification. Pooled effect estimates were derived using the random-effects model. Twenty-one studies with 14,515 patients were meta-analysed. Compared with conventional phenotypic methods, MALDI-TOF MS was associated with a 23% reduction in mortality (RR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.66; 0.90; I = 35.9%; 13 studies); 5.07-h reduction in time to effective antibiotic therapy (95% CI: -5.83; -4.31; I = 95.7%); 22.86-h reduction in time to identify microorganisms (95% CI: -23.99; -21.74; I = 91.6%); 0.73-day reduction in hospital stay (95% CI: -1.30; -0.16; I = 53.1%); and US$4140 saving in direct hospitalization cost (95% CI: $-8166.75; $-113.60; I = 66.1%). No significant heterogeneity sources were found, and no statistical evidence for publication bias was found. Rapid pathogen identification by MALDI-TOF MS with or without AST was associated with reduced mortality and improved outcomes of BSI, and may be cost-effective among patients with BSI.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Costs and Cost Analysis; Humans; Sepsis; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Time Factors
PubMed: 35921430
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14124 -
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and... Jun 2024Proliferating cancer cells shift their metabolism towards glycolysis, even in the presence of oxygen, to especially generate glycolytic intermediates as substrates for...
BACKGROUND
Proliferating cancer cells shift their metabolism towards glycolysis, even in the presence of oxygen, to especially generate glycolytic intermediates as substrates for anabolic reactions. We hypothesize that a similar metabolic remodelling occurs during skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
METHODS
We used mass spectrometry in hypertrophying C2C12 myotubes in vitro and plantaris mouse muscle in vivo and assessed metabolomic changes and the incorporation of the [U-C]glucose tracer. We performed enzyme inhibition of the key serine synthesis pathway enzyme phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (Phgdh) for further mechanistic analysis and conducted a systematic review to align any changes in metabolomics during muscle growth with published findings. Finally, the UK Biobank was used to link the findings to population level.
RESULTS
The metabolomics analysis in myotubes revealed insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)-induced altered metabolite concentrations in anabolic pathways such as pentose phosphate (ribose-5-phosphate/ribulose-5-phosphate: +40%; P = 0.01) and serine synthesis pathway (serine: -36.8%; P = 0.009). Like the hypertrophy stimulation with IGF-1 in myotubes in vitro, the concentration of the dipeptide l-carnosine was decreased by 26.6% (P = 0.001) during skeletal muscle growth in vivo. However, phosphorylated sugar (glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate or glucose-1-phosphate) decreased by 32.2% (P = 0.004) in the overloaded muscle in vivo while increasing in the IGF-1-stimulated myotubes in vitro. The systematic review revealed that 10 metabolites linked to muscle hypertrophy were directly associated with glycolysis and its interconnected anabolic pathways. We demonstrated that labelled carbon from [U-C]glucose is increasingly incorporated by ~13% (P = 0.001) into the non-essential amino acids in hypertrophying myotubes, which is accompanied by an increased depletion of media serine (P = 0.006). The inhibition of Phgdh suppressed muscle protein synthesis in growing myotubes by 58.1% (P < 0.001), highlighting the importance of the serine synthesis pathway for maintaining muscle size. Utilizing data from the UK Biobank (n = 450 243), we then discerned genetic variations linked to the serine synthesis pathway (PHGDH and PSPH) and to its downstream enzyme (SHMT1), revealing their association with appendicular lean mass in humans (P < 5.0e-8).
CONCLUSIONS
Understanding the mechanisms that regulate skeletal muscle mass will help in developing effective treatments for muscle weakness. Our results provide evidence for the metabolic rewiring of glycolytic intermediates into anabolic pathways during muscle growth, such as in serine synthesis.
Topics: Glucose; Muscle, Skeletal; Animals; Mice; Humans; Hypertrophy; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Metabolomics
PubMed: 38742477
DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13468 -
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry : PPB Nov 2023Microplastics (MPx) and nanoplastics (NPx) are increasingly accumulating in terrestrial ecosystems, heightening concerns about their potential adverse effects on human... (Review)
Review
Microplastics (MPx) and nanoplastics (NPx) are increasingly accumulating in terrestrial ecosystems, heightening concerns about their potential adverse effects on human health via the food chain. Techniques aimed at recovering the most challenging colloidal fractions of MPx and NPx, especially for analytical purposes, are limited. This systematic review emphasises the absence of a universal, efficient, and cost-effective analytical method as the primary hindrance to studying MPx and NPx in soil and plant samples. The study reveals that several methods, including density separation, organic matter removal, and filtration, are utilized to detect MPx or NPx in soil through vibrational spectroscopy and visual identification. Instruments such as Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (Py-GCMS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, and fluorescence microscopy are employed to identify MPx and NPx in plant tissue. In extraction procedures, organic solvents and sonication are used to isolate NPx from plant tissues, while Pyrolysis GC-MS quantifies the plastics. SEM and TEM serve to observe and characterize NPx within plant tissues. Additionally, FTIR and fluorescence microscopy are utilized to identify polymers of MPx and NPx based on their spectral characteristics and fluorescence signals. The findings from this review clarify the identification and quantification methods for MPx and NPx in soil and plant systems and provide a comprehensive methodology for assessing MPx/NPx in the environment.
Topics: Humans; Microplastics; Plastics; Soil; Ecosystem; Polymers; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 37918078
DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108132 -
Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) Sep 2023The opioid epidemic in the United States continues to result in an increasing number of deaths and is increasingly dominated by fentanyl and fentanyl analogs. As a... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The opioid epidemic in the United States continues to result in an increasing number of deaths and is increasingly dominated by fentanyl and fentanyl analogs. As a result, first responders are likely to come into contact with fentanyl-containing substances daily. Concerns persist regarding occupational exposure resulting in intoxication. We performed a systematic review to describe occupational illnesses from fentanyl and its analogs.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of the literature following the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to assess the danger of occupational exposure to fentanyl. The PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health databases were queried to identify occupational fentanyl exposures. Studies included were single case reports, case series, observational studies, controlled studies, and abstracts from scientific presentations. We reviewed articles meeting the eligibility criteria and abstracted outcome data. Outcomes included study design, number of study subjects and study demographics, description of exposure, personal protective equipment used, duration of symptoms, illness developed, medical evaluation performed, treatment provided, hospitalizations, deaths, drug testing performed, and any situation review performed to prevent illness, analytical confirmation of the identity of culprit agent, and concentrations of drug in serum/blood.
RESULTS
Our search yielded 454 citations after deduplication. After abstract and text review, 12 unique reports met the inclusion criteria. All identified studies were observational studies. Ten of the 12 were Health Hazard Evaluation reports from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; two reports describe the same exposure case. There were no reported instances of comprehensive drug testing using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in exposed first responders. Among first responders possibly exposed to fentanyl or fentanyl analogs, none were admitted to the hospital, and only three first responders received naloxone. The three officers who received naloxone lacked recommended personal protective equipment and had subjective improvement of symptoms following naloxone. There were no instances of severe respiratory depression requiring assisted ventilation or hospital admission. Among forensic laboratory technicians, only one instance of detectable concentrations of fentanyl in urine was reported, and there were no instances of symptomatic cases.
CONCLUSIONS
Among published reports of 27 first responders with symptoms after possible ambient fentanyl exposure, symptoms, recorded physical findings, and vital signs were inconsistent with acute opioid toxicity. Breaches in the recommended use of personal protective equipment appeared common. Only three persons received naloxone, although none had plausible effects of fentanyl. No suspected exposure to fentanyl led to hospitalization or death. Based on these low-quality data, there were no plausible opioid effects from ambient exposure to suspected fentanyl.
Topics: United States; Humans; Fentanyl; Analgesics, Opioid; Chromatography, Liquid; Databases, Factual; Naloxone
PubMed: 37988114
DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2023.2259087