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Journal of Water and Health Dec 2019The relationship between naturally fluoridated groundwater and dental fluorosis has received large attention from researchers around the world. Despite recognition that... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The relationship between naturally fluoridated groundwater and dental fluorosis has received large attention from researchers around the world. Despite recognition that several factors influence this relationship, there is a lack of systematic studies analyzing the heterogeneity of these results. To fill such a gap, this study performs a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand which factors influence this relationship and how. Selected studies were sampled between 2007 and 2017 from Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus using keywords and Boolean operators. Results of the systematic review show that dental fluorosis affects individuals of all ages, with the highest prevalence below 11, while the impact of other factors (gender, environmental conditions, diet and dental caries) was inconclusive. Meta-regression analysis, based on information collected through systematic review, indicates that both fluoride in drinking water and temperature influence dental fluorosis significantly and that these studies might be affected by publication bias. Findings show that fluoride negatively affects people's health in less developed countries. The conclusions discuss policy tools and technological innovations that could reduce fluoride levels below that of the World Health Organization (WHO) (<1.5 mg/L).
Topics: Dental Caries; Drinking Water; Fluorides; Fluorosis, Dental; Groundwater; Humans; Prevalence
PubMed: 31850893
DOI: 10.2166/wh.2019.300 -
Prevalence of poor sleep quality in the Ethiopian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung Jun 2020Only a limited amount of data is available from lower-income countries regarding the prevalence of poor quality of sleep. This meta-analysis of the scientific literature... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Only a limited amount of data is available from lower-income countries regarding the prevalence of poor quality of sleep. This meta-analysis of the scientific literature was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality in the Ethiopian population.
METHODS
The study protocol followed was the Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement.
RESULTS
The nine studies which met the inclusion criteria provided data based on a total of 9103 participants who were studied at various health and academic institutions. The incidences of self-reported poor sleep quality ranged from 26 to 66.2%. The pooled estimate of poor sleep quality was 53%.There was a high prevalence of reported poor quality of sleep among younger subjects and among those who were studied in community (noninstitutional) settings.
CONCLUSION
The pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality is quite high among Ethiopians.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries; Ethiopia; Humans; Middle Aged; Poverty; Sleep Wake Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 31183743
DOI: 10.1007/s11325-019-01871-x