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Journal of Advanced Nursing Jul 2020To provide insights into how workplace violence has an impact on nurses and to inform human resource management about developing comprehensive strategies to manage and... (Review)
Review
AIM
To provide insights into how workplace violence has an impact on nurses and to inform human resource management about developing comprehensive strategies to manage and mitigate violence.
DESIGN
A systematic review of the literature to appraise contemporary studies, source data and synthesize findings for human resource management to implement practices to mitigate violence against nurses in the healthcare sector.
DATA SOURCES
Searches were conducted using ProQuest, Business Source Complete (EBSCO), Emerald Insight, PsycINFO (ProQuest), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Our search was delimited to refereed journal articles and government reports over the last 15 years from 2004-2019 and included a total of 71 articles.
REVIEW METHODS
The research team systematically reviewed each article and relative reports, eliminating any not considered relevant to nurses. This systematic review is associated with and reflects contemporary issues around nurses, violence, and human resource management practice.
RESULTS
In the studies we found high incidents of violence against nurses in the workplace. However, human resource management fundamentally services as an administrator, managing compliance and does not do enough to methodically mitigate and manage acts of violence in the workplace and its effects on nurses' mental health.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review contributes to the literature on violence in health care and proposes that human resource management must explore and implement practices towards mitigating violence against nurses.
IMPACT
This systematic review will influence how human resource management currently manages violence against nurses and the increasing number of persons requiring health care due to the ageing population and decline in the number of nurses. It will also have an impact on action research to engage in a cycle of continuous improvement that supports eliminating violence against nurses (and all others) in the healthcare sector.
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Humans; Nurses; Workforce; Workplace; Workplace Violence
PubMed: 32175613
DOI: 10.1111/jan.14352 -
The Journal of Nursing Education Jul 2021Burnout, depression, and suicide among health care professionals and learners have reached a rampant level. This systematic review aimed to synthesize literature...
BACKGROUND
Burnout, depression, and suicide among health care professionals and learners have reached a rampant level. This systematic review aimed to synthesize literature findings of nursing student burnout and its impact on psychological well-being and academic performance.
METHOD
This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and included data-based studies on nursing student burnout published in peer-reviewed journals between January 2015 and January 2020.
RESULTS
This review included 17 articles. Four major themes were identified: 1) a negative relationship between burnout and student self-concept, 2) a negative association between burnout and student engagement, 3) risk factors contributing to student burnout, and 4) interventions to mitigate student burnout. Promoting positive self-concept, engagement, and resilience may alleviate student academic burnout.
CONCLUSION
Student burnout has negative influences on health and academics, and interventions to mitigate burnout should be considered early in nursing programs. Nurse educators can create an engaging learning environment to build resilience and reduce burnout. .
Topics: Academic Success; Burnout, Professional; Burnout, Psychological; Faculty, Nursing; Humans; Resilience, Psychological; Students, Nursing
PubMed: 34232812
DOI: 10.3928/01484834-20210616-02 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Oct 2022Therapeutic taping may be a useful modality in relieving pain, improving strength, and restoring the function of patients with De Quervain's Disease (DQD). Evidence on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Therapeutic taping may be a useful modality in relieving pain, improving strength, and restoring the function of patients with De Quervain's Disease (DQD). Evidence on the effectiveness of therapeutic taping for DQD patients in mitigating its clinical signs and symptoms is not established. However, reviews report Kinesio Taping effects on musculoskeletal pains not specific to DQD.
METHODS
The study followed the guideline statement of the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Two researchers (RD and SN) searched the electronic databases and hand-searched for relevant journals. The relevant articles were selected using keywords found in titles and abstracts and, consequently, full-text manuscripts. A third researcher (VCDIII) resolved the disagreements between the two researchers. They used Review Manager 5.4 for risk of bias assessment and meta-analysis. Data were pooled to determine the therapeutic taping's overall effect. Heterogeneity was assessed by Higgin's (I) statistic. The random-effects model was used if heterogeneity was high (>60%). The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Approach determined the certainty of evidence.
RESULTS
Seven high-risk of bias clinical-controlled trials comprising 241 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The reported outcome measures were the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, Patient-Rated Wrist/Hand Examination for Function and Power, and precision grip strength using a hand-held dynamometer and pinch gauge. Therapeutic taping did not improve the pain, power grip, grip strength, and function of participants with DQD (p > 0.05). Therapeutic taping compared to other physical therapy interventions did not reduce the VAS scores of 241 participants with DQD [SMD (95% CI) = -1.08 (-2.55,0.39), p = 0.15]. Kinesio taping with low-level laser therapy compared to ultrasound and exercise did not improve the function of 60 participants with DQD [SMD (95% CI) = 0.56 (-4.71,3.60), p = 0.79]. Therapeutic taping compared to ultrasound and Mulligan Pain Releasing Phenomenon did not improve the power grip strength of 50 participants with DQD [SMD (95% CI) = 1.24 (-0.83,3.31), p = 0.24]. Therapeutic taping was not better than phonophoresis in improving the precision grip strength of 50 participants with DQD [SMD (95% CI) = 0.43 (-1.95,2.80), p = 0.72].
CONCLUSIONS
There is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of therapeutic taping in treating patients with DQD. Therapeutic taping was no better than other treatment modalities in mitigating the clinical signs and symptoms of DQD (p > 0.05). Therapeutic taping did not affect wrist pain, handgrip, pincer strength, and function of participants with DQD (p > 0.05).
Topics: Athletic Tape; De Quervain Disease; Hand Strength; Humans; Musculoskeletal Pain; Pain Measurement
PubMed: 36180153
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.05.004 -
Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social... Jun 2022During the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, playing video games has been much more than just a pastime. Studies suggested that video games for many individuals... (Review)
Review
The Effects of Playing Video Games on Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Loneliness, and Gaming Disorder During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic: PRISMA Systematic Review.
During the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, playing video games has been much more than just a pastime. Studies suggested that video games for many individuals have helped to cope with such difficult life experience. However, other research indicates that gaming may have had harmful effects. Within this context, this systematic review aimed to describe the literature on the effects of video games during the early stages of the COVID-19 crisis on stress, anxiety, depression, loneliness, and gaming disorder (GD), examining the study characteristics and outcomes. A systematic search of the literature was made following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. It was preregistered in the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (INPLASY)-INPLASY202180053. The search databases were PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Medline. The search string was: [("video game*") OR ("computer game*") OR ("gaming")] AND [("COVID-19")]. Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Four research explored the effects of playing video games during the COVID-19 pandemic on stress, anxiety, and depression. Four studies investigated loneliness, while 18 research investigated game disorder. Video games, especially augmented reality and online multiplayer ones, mitigated stress, anxiety, depression, and loneliness among adolescents and young adults during stay-at-home restrictions. However, in the case of at-risk individuals (i.e., particularly male youths), playing video games had detrimental effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Anxiety; Behavior, Addictive; COVID-19; Depression; Humans; Loneliness; Male; Pandemics; Video Games; Young Adult
PubMed: 35639118
DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2021.0252 -
Joint Commission Journal on Quality and... Sep 2020Medication administration errors (MAEs) are a critical patient safety issue. Nurses are often responsible for administering medication to patients, thus their... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Medication administration errors (MAEs) are a critical patient safety issue. Nurses are often responsible for administering medication to patients, thus their perceptions of causes of errors can provide valuable guidance for the development of interventions aimed to mitigate errors. Quantitative research can overlook less overt causes; therefore, a qualitative systematic review was conducted to present a synthesis of qualitative evidence of nurses' perceived causes of MAEs.
METHODS
Publications from 2000 to February 2019 were searched using four electronic databases. Inclusion criteria were articles that (1) presented results from studies that used a qualitative or mixed methods design, (2) reported qualitative data on nurses' perceived causes of MAEs in health care settings, and (3) were published in the English language. Sixteen individual articles satisfied the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality of each article was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. Thematic analysis of the data was performed. Perceived causes of errors were labeled as knowledge-based, personal, and contextual factors.
RESULTS
The primary knowledge-based factor was lack of medication knowledge. Personal factors included fatigue and complacency. Contextual factors included heavy workloads and interruptions. Contextual factors were reported in all the studies reviewed and were often interconnected with personal and knowledge-based factors.
CONCLUSION
Causes of MAEs are perceived by nurses to be multifactorial and interconnected and often stem from systems issues. Multifactorial interventions aimed at mitigating medication errors are required with an emphasis on systems changes. Findings in this review can be used to guide efforts aimed at identifying and modifying factors contributing to MAEs.
PubMed: 33153914
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2020.09.010 -
Journal of Patient Safety Jan 2022"Failure to rescue" (FTR) is the failure to prevent a death resulting from a complication of medical care or from a complication of underlying illness or surgery. There...
OBJECTIVES
"Failure to rescue" (FTR) is the failure to prevent a death resulting from a complication of medical care or from a complication of underlying illness or surgery. There is a growing body of evidence that identifies causes and interventions that may improve institutional FTR rates. Why do patients "fail to rescue" after complications in hospital? What clinically relevant interventions have been shown to improve organizational fail to rescue rates? Can successful rescue methods be classified into a simple strategy?
METHODS
A systematic review was performed and the following electronic databases searched between January 1, 2006, to February 12, 2018: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and BNI databases. All studies that explored an intervention to improve failure to rescue in the adult population were considered.
RESULTS
The search returned 1486 articles. Eight hundred forty-two abstracts were reviewed leaving 52 articles for full assessment. Articles were classified into 3 strategic arms (recognize, relay, and react) incorporating 6 areas of intervention with specific recommendations.
CONCLUSIONS
Complications occur consistently within healthcare organizations. They represent a huge burden on patients, clinicians, and healthcare systems. Organizations vary in their ability to manage such events. Failure to rescue is a measure of institutional competence in this context. We propose "The 3 Rs of Failure to Rescue" of recognize, relay, and react and hope that this serves as a valuable framework for understanding the phases where failure of patient salvage may occur. Future efforts at mitigating the differences in outcome from complication management between units may benefit from incorporating this proposed framework into institutional quality improvement.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Quality Improvement
PubMed: 32453105
DOI: 10.1097/PTS.0000000000000720 -
Life Sciences Aug 2023Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) is a wave of pathologic neuronal dysfunction that spreads through cerebral gray matter, causing neurologic disturbance in... (Review)
Review
AIMS
Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) is a wave of pathologic neuronal dysfunction that spreads through cerebral gray matter, causing neurologic disturbance in migraine and promoting lesion development in acute brain injury. Pharmacologic interventions have been found to be effective in migraine with aura, but their efficacy in acutely injured brains may be limited. This necessitates the assessment of possible adjunctive treatments, such as nonpharmacologic methods. This review aims to summarize currently available nonpharmacological techniques for modulating CSDs, present their mechanisms of action, and provide insight and future directions for CSD treatment.
MAIN METHODS
A systematic literature review was performed, generating 22 articles across 3 decades. Relevant data is broken down according to method of treatment.
KEY FINDINGS
Both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions can mitigate the pathological impact of CSDs via shared molecular mechanisms, including modulating K/Ca/Na/Cl ion channels and NMDA, GABA, serotonin, and CGRP ligand-based receptors and decreasing microglial activation. Preclinical evidence suggests that nonpharmacologic interventions, including neuromodulation, physical exercise, therapeutic hypothermia, and lifestyle changes can also target unique mechanisms, such as increasing adrenergic tone and myelination and modulating membrane fluidity, which may lend broader modulatory effects. Collectively, these mechanisms increase the electrical initiation threshold, increase CSD latency, slow CSD velocity, and decrease CSD amplitude and duration.
SIGNIFICANCE
Given the harmful consequences of CSDs, limitations of current pharmacological interventions to inhibit CSDs in acutely injured brains, and translational potentials of nonpharmacologic interventions to modulate CSDs, further assessment of nonpharmacologic modalities and their mechanisms to mitigate CSD-related neurologic dysfunction is warranted.
Topics: Humans; Cortical Spreading Depression; Migraine Disorders; Serotonin; Neurons; Brain Injuries
PubMed: 37302793
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121833 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Aug 2022Dog ownership and dog walking brings various health benefits for urban dwellers, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, but trigger a number of controversies. Dog parks... (Review)
Review
Dog ownership and dog walking brings various health benefits for urban dwellers, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, but trigger a number of controversies. Dog parks have become increasingly significant public resources in the pandemic to support these benefits while facing intense conflicts. To develop effective dog parks in urban settings, growing numbers of scholars have provided insights into the design and management strategies for addressing the benefits and conflicts. The objective of this study is to synthesize and analyze various aspects of dog park design and management and to assess identified strategies for enhancing their benefits while mitigating their drawbacks. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic study was conducted to synthesize the benefits, conflicts, and management strategies of dog parks, supported by Citespace. Benefits and conflicts in dog park design and management have been synthesized and organized according to their frequency of presence and the statistical results. We analyzed and assessed existing design and management strategies. Through this systematic study, we discovered the need obtain o po experimental evidence on effective dog park design and management to enhance their benefits while mitigating their sources of conflict and limitations in the intensity of park visitors' physical activity in off-leash areas. Guidelines for the design and management strategies for effective dog parks were made to enhance their benefits while alleviating conflicts in the future development of sustainable dog parks that promote healthy relationships between canines and residents in urban built environments.
PubMed: 36077971
DOI: 10.3390/ani12172251 -
The British Journal of Surgery May 2023Although numerous studies have established cognitive biases as contributors to surgical adverse events, their prevalence and impact in surgery are unknown. This review... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Although numerous studies have established cognitive biases as contributors to surgical adverse events, their prevalence and impact in surgery are unknown. This review aimed to describe types of cognitive bias in surgery, their impact on surgical performance and patient outcomes, their source, and the mitigation strategies used to reduce their effect.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted on 9 April and 6 December 2021 using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Included studies investigated how cognitive biases affect surgery and the mitigation strategies used to combat their impact. The National Institutes of Health tools were used to assess study quality. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify themes of cognitive bias impact on surgical performance.
RESULTS
Thirty-nine studies were included, comprising 6514 surgeons and over 200 000 patients. Thirty-one types of cognitive bias were identified, with overconfidence, anchoring, and confirmation bias the most common. Cognitive biases differentially influenced six themes of surgical performance. For example, overconfidence bias associated with inaccurate perceptions of ability, whereas anchoring bias associated with inaccurate risk-benefit estimations and not considering alternative options. Anchoring and confirmation biases associated with actual patient harm, such as never events. No studies investigated cognitive bias source or mitigation strategies.
CONCLUSION
Cognitive biases have a negative impact on surgical performance and patient outcomes across all points of surgical care. This review highlights the scarcity of research investigating the sources that give rise to cognitive biases in surgery and the mitigation strategies that target these factors.
Topics: United States; Humans; Bias; Cognition
PubMed: 36752583
DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znad004 -
Pain Jul 2021We report a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that assessed the antinociceptive efficacy of cannabinoids, cannabis-based medicines, and endocannabinoid... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Systematic review and meta-analysis of cannabinoids, cannabis-based medicines, and endocannabinoid system modulators tested for antinociceptive effects in animal models of injury-related or pathological persistent pain.
We report a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that assessed the antinociceptive efficacy of cannabinoids, cannabis-based medicines, and endocannabinoid system modulators on pain-associated behavioural outcomes in animal models of pathological or injury-related persistent pain. In April 2019, we systematically searched 3 online databases and used crowd science and machine learning to identify studies for inclusion. We calculated a standardised mean difference effect size for each comparison and performed a random-effects meta-analysis. We assessed the impact of study design characteristics and reporting of mitigations to reduce the risk of bias. We meta-analysed 374 studies in which 171 interventions were assessed for antinociceptive efficacy in rodent models of pathological or injury-related pain. Most experiments were conducted in male animals (86%). Antinociceptive efficacy was most frequently measured by attenuation of hypersensitivity to evoked limb withdrawal. Selective cannabinoid type 1, cannabinoid type 2, nonselective cannabinoid receptor agonists (including delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha agonists (predominantly palmitoylethanolamide) significantly attenuated pain-associated behaviours in a broad range of inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors, monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors, and cannabidiol significantly attenuated pain-associated behaviours in neuropathic pain models but yielded mixed results in inflammatory pain models. The reporting of criteria to reduce the risk of bias was low; therefore, the studies have an unclear risk of bias. The value of future studies could be enhanced by improving the reporting of methodological criteria, the clinical relevance of the models, and behavioural assessments. Notwithstanding, the evidence supports the hypothesis of cannabinoid-induced analgesia.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Cannabinoids; Cannabis; Endocannabinoids; Male; Models, Animal; Neuralgia
PubMed: 33729209
DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002269