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Environmental Science and Pollution... Nov 2023Energy companies are in the spotlight regarding the environmental pressure to address the current environmental issues by initiating the sets of social responsibilities.... (Review)
Review
Energy companies are in the spotlight regarding the environmental pressure to address the current environmental issues by initiating the sets of social responsibilities. Energy sector companies are actively adopting Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices to address the increased pressure and enablement to manage and prevent the risks of environmental impact at the same time concentrating on the economic growth. The current study provides a systematic literature review identifying CSR initiative measures towards sustainability and proposes a framework of CSR measurements in the energy sector. The framework combines the Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, and Analysis (SALSA) method together with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and PSALSAR (Protocol, Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, Analysis and Report). Moreover, for setting the research scope, PICOC (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Context) is applied. As a result, eleven CSR measures for the energy sector were identified. The measurements were classified into 4 pillars: environmental pillar, stakeholder communication and external image, financial pillar, and organizational pillar. The environmental impact and GHG reduction align with the ecological modernization theories. Green energy innovations find theoretical resonance in the diffusion of innovation theories. Stakeholder engagement and branding link to the stakeholder theory, while financial performance, to the shareholder value theories. Occupational health and safety theory support the employee safety and corporate culture considerations. These measures, selected through theoretical lenses and systematic review, contribute to shaping a sustainable energy landscape. Furthermore, the research results were discussed, and the future research agenda together with policy recommendations were provided.
Topics: Occupational Health; Organizations; Social Responsibility; Organizational Culture
PubMed: 37798520
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30131-5 -
Nursing Open Nov 2022To provide an overview of responsibilities and tasks of nurses in pharmaceutical care. (Review)
Review
AIM
To provide an overview of responsibilities and tasks of nurses in pharmaceutical care.
DESIGN
Scoping review.
METHODS
Two databases were systematically searched (MEDLINE and Scopus) for recent original research papers concerning nurses' responsibilities and tasks in pharmaceutical care. The definition of responsibility was based on literature, moral and ethical discussions. Existing responsibilities and tasks beyond preparation and administration of medication were collected and synthesized. This main study outcome was extracted from titles and abstracts only. Results were reported in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
RESULTS
Of the 3,805 titles and abstracts reviewed, 453 abstracts were included. A total of seven responsibilities were identified: (a) management of therapeutic and adverse effects of medication, (b) management of medication adherence, (c) management of patient medication self-management, (d) management of patient education and information about medication, (e) prescription management, (f) medication safety management and (g) (transition of) care coordination. Within these responsibilities, all tasks performed by nurses were described.
Topics: Humans; Medication Adherence; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Self-Management; Pharmaceutical Services; Nurses
PubMed: 34268910
DOI: 10.1002/nop2.984 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Mucormycosis is a rare, opportunistic, and emerging fungal infection that can rapidly develop into a severe, highly fatal clinical picture. In most cases, it is caused... (Review)
Review
Mucormycosis is a rare, opportunistic, and emerging fungal infection that can rapidly develop into a severe, highly fatal clinical picture. In most cases, it is caused by fungi of the order Mucorales, which are usually avirulent but become pathogenic when the host's immune system is compromised. This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We chose articles that analyzed the oral manifestations of patients with mucormycosis, were published between 2018 and 2023, and met our search terms. The risk of bias in the articles was assessed using the CARE guideline for case reports and STROBE for a cross-sectional study. After the selection process, 20 articles were included in this review, all containing information about the different oral manifestations presented by people with mucormycosis. The most common oral manifestations are mainly bone exposures and oral ulcers, halitosis, pus discharge, gingival thickening, and periodontitis. However, despite the importance of recognizing these oral manifestations in the early stages of mucormycotic infection, providing early treatment, and reducing the high mortality rate of the infection, more studies are needed.
PubMed: 37755045
DOI: 10.3390/jof9090935 -
Neuropsychology Review Sep 2023Playing video games is associated with cognitive changes and possibly psychosocial difficulties. Problematic gaming occurs upon the loss of control over videogame... (Review)
Review
Playing video games is associated with cognitive changes and possibly psychosocial difficulties. Problematic gaming occurs upon the loss of control over videogame playing; gaming disorder is considered a behavioral addiction in the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases. Models used to understand behavioral addictions include cognition as an essential factor in the development, maintenance, and relapse of addiction. Nevertheless, some aspects of cognition, such as social cognition, remain underexplored, despite evidence of alterations in cognitive and social function among patients with problematic gaming. This review aimed to describe the current understanding of social cognition in individuals exposed to videogames. We included all studies assessing social cognition in participants of any age with a wide range of exposure to video games (from simple use of video games (such as at least two exposures) to problematic gaming, defined according to the included study). This wide range of exposure allowed us to explore the whole process from repeated exposure to addiction. We included only studies that used neuropsychological tasks to assess social cognition. Patient-reported outcomes that could be biased by subjective self-report data were not included. The search was conducted from inception to January 2022 in three databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science). The systematic search identified 39 studies that assessed facial emotion processing, empathy, theory of mind, social decision-making, aggressive behavior, and moral competence. In general, results have been mixed, and a number of questions remain unanswered. Nevertheless, several studies showed cerebral changes when processing facial emotion that were linked with problematic gaming, while no link was obtained between nonproblematic gaming and empathy alterations. The influences of cooperation patterns, theory of mind, moral competence, and gaming frequency were highlighted. Finally, there was substantial heterogeneity in the population assessed and the methods used.
PubMed: 37667058
DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09599-y -
Journal of Nursing Management Oct 2022To investigate the outcomes and the effect sizes of ethical leadership in nursing practice. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
To investigate the outcomes and the effect sizes of ethical leadership in nursing practice.
BACKGROUND
Many meta-analysis of ethical leadership have been conducted in other fields, but there are none for the effects of ethical leadership of nurse leaders and should be investigated.
EVALUATION
For a systematic literature review, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, OVID, Web of Science and Korean databases for studies published in Korean or English. We used Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) 2.0 and R 3.6.2 for the meta-analysis.
KEY ISSUES
We divided the outcomes of ethical leadership into three categories and investigated the effect sizes: subordinates' perceptions of their leaders (ES = 0.65), subordinates' ethical behaviours (ES = 0.04) and job or organisational outcomes (ES = 0.45). In addition, we identified 14 outcome variables, and transformational leadership showed the greatest effect size (ES = 0.77) among them.
CONCLUSION
This study confirmed the positive effects of ethical nursing leadership on individual nurses' perceptions about their leaders, their jobs and organisations.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
Nursing organisations and nurse administrators should make efforts to highlight ethical leadership of nurse leaders to improve outcomes of organisational performance including individual nurses' perceptions about their leaders, their jobs and organisations.
Topics: Humans; Leadership; Ethics, Nursing; Nurse Administrators; Morals
PubMed: 35761760
DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13726 -
Applied Nursing Research : ANR Feb 2024Nurses face various ethical conflicts when taking care of patients, and such conflicts require moral courage. This systematic review was conducted with the aim of...
BACKGROUND
Nurses face various ethical conflicts when taking care of patients, and such conflicts require moral courage. This systematic review was conducted with the aim of investigating moral courage and its related factors among nurses.
METHODS
To find related studies, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase and Science Direct databases were searched using keywords such as Courage, Moral Courage, and Nurses, and no lower time limit was imposed when conducting the searches. The identified studies were published between January 2000 and March 2023. Quality of articles was assessed using the STROBE checklist.
RESULTS
The pooled sample size for the 19 included studies was 7863. All studies were observational and cross-sectional. The results showed that three categories of factors most related to moral courage are individual, moral, and factors related to the organization. Underlying factors of each category are also provided within this paper.
CONCLUSION
Moral courage is an integral part of nursing, which as a profession, is becoming even more challenging with the advancement of science and technology. Therefore, there is a need for nurses and especially nursing managers to be considerate of factors affecting moral courage of nurses, with a view to strengthening the positive factors and reducing the negative impacts.
Topics: Humans; Courage; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethics, Nursing; Morals; Nurses
PubMed: 38490799
DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151768 -
BMJ Open Sep 2022Concepts of moral distress (MD) among physicians have evolved and extend beyond the notion of psychological distress caused by being in a situation in which one is...
BACKGROUND
Concepts of moral distress (MD) among physicians have evolved and extend beyond the notion of psychological distress caused by being in a situation in which one is constrained from acting on what one knows to be right. With many accounts involving complex personal, professional, legal, ethical and moral issues, we propose a review of current understanding of MD among physicians.
METHODS
A systematic evidence-based approach guided systematic scoping review is proposed to map the current concepts of MD among physicians published in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, SCOPUS, ERIC and Google Scholar databases. Concurrent and independent thematic and direct content analysis (split approach) was conducted on included articles to enhance the reliability and transparency of the process. The themes and categories identified were combined using the jigsaw perspective to create domains that form the framework of the discussion that follows.
RESULTS
A total of 30 156 abstracts were identified, 2473 full-text articles were reviewed and 128 articles were included. The five domains identified were as follows: (1) current concepts, (2) risk factors, (3) impact, (4) tools and (5) interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
Initial reviews suggest that MD involves conflicts within a physician's personal beliefs, values and principles (personal constructs) caused by personal, ethical, moral, contextual, professional and sociocultural factors. How these experiences are processed and reflected on and then integrated into the physician's personal constructs impacts their self-concepts of personhood and identity and can result in MD. The ring theory of personhood facilitates an appreciation of how new experiences create dissonance and resonance within personal constructs. These insights allow the forwarding of a new broader concept of MD and a personalised approach to assessing and treating MD. While further studies are required to test these findings, they offer a personalised means of supporting a physician's MD and preventing burn-out.
Topics: Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Physicians; Morals
PubMed: 36691160
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064029 -
Hospital Pediatrics Jun 2021Pediatric family-centered rounds (FCRs) have been shown to have benefits in staff satisfaction, teaching, and rounding efficiency, but no systematic review has been... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
CONTEXT
Pediatric family-centered rounds (FCRs) have been shown to have benefits in staff satisfaction, teaching, and rounding efficiency, but no systematic review has been conducted to explicitly examine the humanistic impact of FCRs.
OBJECTIVE
The objective with this review is to determine if FCRs promote the core values of humanism in medicine by answering the question, "Do FCRs promote humanistic pediatric care?"
DATA SOURCES
Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Dissertation Abstracts for peer-reviewed pediatric studies through January 1, 2020. We used search terms including FCRs, communication, humanism, and the specific descriptors in the Gold Foundation's definition of humanism.
STUDY SELECTION
Abstracts ( = 1003) were assessed for 5 primary outcomes: empathy, enhanced communication, partnership, respect, and satisfaction and service. We evaluated 158 full-text articles for inclusion, reconciling discrepancies through an iterative process.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data abstraction, thematic analysis, and conceptual synthesis were conducted on 29 studies.
RESULTS
Pediatric family-centered rounds (FCRs) improved humanistic outcomes within all 5 identified themes. Not all studies revealed improvement within every category. The humanistic benefits of FCRs are enhanced through interventions targeted toward provider-family barriers, such as health literacy. Patients with limited English proficiency or disabilities or who were receiving intensive care gained additional benefits.
CONCLUSIONS
Pediatric FCRs promote humanistic outcomes including increased empathy, partnership, respect, service, and communication. Limitations included difficulty in defining humanism, variable implementation, and inconsistent reporting of humanistic outcomes. Future efforts should include highlighting FCR's humanistic benefits, universal implementation, and adapting FCRs to pandemics such as coronavirus disease 2019.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Child; Child, Hospitalized; Communication; Empathy; Humanism; Humans; Pediatrics; Professional-Family Relations; Teaching Rounds
PubMed: 34021029
DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2020-000240 -
International Journal of Nursing Studies Sep 2021Moral distress is a pervasive phenomenon that can negatively impact healthcare professionals and has been well studied in nursing populations. Much of the evidence... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Moral distress is a pervasive phenomenon that can negatively impact healthcare professionals and has been well studied in nursing populations. Much of the evidence suggests that it is associated with intention to leave high acuity areas and the profession. Despite the increasing amounts of research to explore the causes and effects of moral distress, there is limited research on interventions that mitigate the negative effects of moral distress.
OBJECTIVES
The aims of this systematic review were to: (a) identify and examine interventions developed to address moral distress experienced by health care professionals (b) examine the quality of the research methods and (c) report on the efficacy of these interventions.
DESIGN
We conducted a systematic review of interventional studies developed to mitigate moral distress.
DATA SOURCE
Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane were searched for relevant studies (July 2019- September 2019). Additional bioethics databases and reference lists were also hand-searched.
REVIEW METHODS
The first author reviewed all retrieved titles and abstracts with a low tolerance for borderline papers based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and those papers were reviewed and discussed by all authors to determine inclusion. Quality appraisal was conducted on the included studies using narrative synthesis to compare the findings. Data were extracted and compared by all authors and then reviewed by the first author for consistency.
RESULTS
Sixteen papers were included for full text review and the following interventions identified: educational interventions of varying length and breadth; facilitated discussions ranging from 30 to 60 minutes; specialist consultation services; an intervention bundle; multidisciplinary rounds; self-reflection and narrative writing. Researchers reported statistically significant reductions in moral distress using pre and post surveys, including one mixed methods program evaluation (n=7). The qualitative program evaluation provided participant quotations to suggest their program was beneficial. There were no statistically significant findings in the other studies (n=8). All studies had limitations in design and methodology presenting significant threats to validity.
CONCLUSION
Designing rigorous research studies that measure the impact of interventions aimed at mitigating moral distress continues to be challenging. The primary reason being that moral distress is a subjective ethical phenomenon with a number of different causes and effects. This calls for interventions that are flexible and sensitive to individual's needs. To build an evidence-base, interventions should also be measurable and research methods need to be scientifically rigorous. To achieve rigor and innovation, researchers should clearly justify their methodological choices. Tweetable abstract: Interventions to mitigate moral distress: a systematic review of the literature. Educational interventions offer a promising direction but more research is needed.
Topics: Health Personnel; Humans; Morals; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34214894
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103984 -
Nurse Education Today Oct 2023The review aims to synthesize and consolidate the factors and situations in which student nurses experience moral distress during their clinical practice and its... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The review aims to synthesize and consolidate the factors and situations in which student nurses experience moral distress during their clinical practice and its potential implications for patient care and outcomes.
DESIGN
A qualitative systematic review.
DATA SOURCES
The articles were sourced from PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycInfo, Web of Science, ERIC (ProQuest), and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global Database between their inception dates to December 2022. Reference lists of included studies were also screened for additional studies.
REVIEW METHODS
Published and unpublished primary studies of any qualitative research methods focused on student nurses' experiences of moral distress regardless of their education level were included in this review. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, assessed full-text articles for eligibility, extracted data, and appraised the quality of included studies. Sandelowski and Barroso's (2007) two-step meta-synthesis approach and Braun and Clarke's (2006) thematic analysis framework were used to analyze and interpret findings from included studies.
RESULTS
Seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The meta-synthesis revealed an overarching theme, "Moral Distress and its Intertwined Roots". This was supported by the four main themes: 1) Inadequacy and lack of autonomy, 2) Unprofessionalism of healthcare professionals, 3) Differing cultural views and values of patients and their relatives, and 4) Healthcare needs versus resource constraints.
CONCLUSION
This review highlights the experiences of student nurses in situations of moral distress, including feelings of inadequacy and powerlessness when faced with ethical challenges, and the negative impact of resource constraints, unprofessional behavior, and cultural differences. Collaborative efforts between healthcare professionals and student nurses are needed to promote shared decision-making, prioritize ethical training, and provide culturally sensitive care to address these challenges and ultimately improve patient care.
Topics: Humans; Culturally Competent Care; Delivery of Health Care; Morals; Qualitative Research; Students, Nursing
PubMed: 37480673
DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105912