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Psychological Bulletin Jan 2021We investigate the relationship of morality and political orientation by focusing on the influential results showing that liberals and conservatives rely on different... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
We investigate the relationship of morality and political orientation by focusing on the influential results showing that liberals and conservatives rely on different moral foundations. We conducted a comprehensive literature search from major databases and other sources for primary studies that used the Moral Foundations Questionnaire and a typical measure of political orientation, a political self-placement item. We used a predefined process for independent extraction of effect sizes by two authors and ran both study-level and individual-level analyses. With 89 samples, 605 effect sizes, and 33,804 independent participants, in addition to 192,870 participants from the widely used YourMorals.org website, the basic differences about conservatives and liberals are supported. Yet, heterogeneity is moderate, and the results may be less generalizable across samples and political cultures than previously thought. The effect sizes obtained from the YourMorals.org data appear inflated compared with independent samples, which is partly related to political interest and may be because of self-selection. The association of moral foundations to political orientation varies culturally (between regions and countries) and subculturally (between White and Black respondents and in response to political interest). The associations also differ depending on the choice of the social or economic dimension and its labeling, supporting both the bidimensional model of political orientation and the findings that the dimensions are often strongly correlated. Our findings have implications for interpreting published studies, as well as designing new ones where the political aspect of morality is relevant. The results are primarily limited by the validity of the measures and the homogeneity of the included studies in terms of sample origins. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic; Humans; Morals; Politics; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 33151704
DOI: 10.1037/bul0000308 -
Journal of Nursing Management Oct 2022To investigate the outcomes and the effect sizes of ethical leadership in nursing practice. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
To investigate the outcomes and the effect sizes of ethical leadership in nursing practice.
BACKGROUND
Many meta-analysis of ethical leadership have been conducted in other fields, but there are none for the effects of ethical leadership of nurse leaders and should be investigated.
EVALUATION
For a systematic literature review, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, OVID, Web of Science and Korean databases for studies published in Korean or English. We used Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) 2.0 and R 3.6.2 for the meta-analysis.
KEY ISSUES
We divided the outcomes of ethical leadership into three categories and investigated the effect sizes: subordinates' perceptions of their leaders (ES = 0.65), subordinates' ethical behaviours (ES = 0.04) and job or organisational outcomes (ES = 0.45). In addition, we identified 14 outcome variables, and transformational leadership showed the greatest effect size (ES = 0.77) among them.
CONCLUSION
This study confirmed the positive effects of ethical nursing leadership on individual nurses' perceptions about their leaders, their jobs and organisations.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
Nursing organisations and nurse administrators should make efforts to highlight ethical leadership of nurse leaders to improve outcomes of organisational performance including individual nurses' perceptions about their leaders, their jobs and organisations.
Topics: Humans; Leadership; Ethics, Nursing; Nurse Administrators; Morals
PubMed: 35761760
DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13726 -
Nursing Ethics May 2023Moral distress is a common challenge among professional nurses when caring for their patients, especially when they need to make rapid decisions. Therefore, leaving... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Moral distress is a common challenge among professional nurses when caring for their patients, especially when they need to make rapid decisions. Therefore, leaving moral distress unconsidered may jeopardize patient quality of care, safety, and satisfaction.
AIM
To estimate moral distress among nurses.
METHODS
This systematic review and meta-analysis conducted systematic search in Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, ISI Web of Knowledge, and PsycInfo up to end of February 2022. Methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa checklist. Data from included studies were pooled by meta-analysis with random effect model in STATA software version 14. The selected key measure was mean score of moral distress total score with its' 95% Confidence Interval was reported. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were conducted to identify possible sources of heterogeneity and potentially influencing variables on moral distress. Funnel plots and Begg's Tests were used to assess publication bias. The Jackknife method was used for sensitivity analysis.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
The protocol of this project was registered in the PROSPERO database under decree code of CRD42021267773.
RESULTS
Eighty-six manuscripts with 19,537 participants from 21 countries were included. The pooled estimated mean score of moral distress was 2.55 on a 0-10 scale [95% Confidence Interval: 2.27-2.84, I: 98.4%, Tau:0.94]. Publication bias and small study effect was ruled out. Moral distress significantly decreased in the COVID-19 pandemic versus before. Nurses working in developing countries experienced higher level of moral distress compared to their counterparts in developed countries. Nurses' workplace (e.g., hospital ward) was not linked to severity of moral disturbance.
CONCLUSION
The results of the study showed a low level of pooled estimated score for moral distress. Although the score of moral distress was not high, nurses working in developing countries reported higher levels of moral distress than those working in developed countries. Therefore, it is necessary that future studies focus on creating a supportive environment in hospitals and medical centers for nurses to reduce moral distress and improve healthcare.
Topics: Humans; Pandemics; Attitude of Health Personnel; Job Satisfaction; Surveys and Questionnaires; COVID-19; Morals; Nurses
PubMed: 36704986
DOI: 10.1177/09697330221135212 -
Hospital Pediatrics Jun 2021Pediatric family-centered rounds (FCRs) have been shown to have benefits in staff satisfaction, teaching, and rounding efficiency, but no systematic review has been... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
CONTEXT
Pediatric family-centered rounds (FCRs) have been shown to have benefits in staff satisfaction, teaching, and rounding efficiency, but no systematic review has been conducted to explicitly examine the humanistic impact of FCRs.
OBJECTIVE
The objective with this review is to determine if FCRs promote the core values of humanism in medicine by answering the question, "Do FCRs promote humanistic pediatric care?"
DATA SOURCES
Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Dissertation Abstracts for peer-reviewed pediatric studies through January 1, 2020. We used search terms including FCRs, communication, humanism, and the specific descriptors in the Gold Foundation's definition of humanism.
STUDY SELECTION
Abstracts ( = 1003) were assessed for 5 primary outcomes: empathy, enhanced communication, partnership, respect, and satisfaction and service. We evaluated 158 full-text articles for inclusion, reconciling discrepancies through an iterative process.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data abstraction, thematic analysis, and conceptual synthesis were conducted on 29 studies.
RESULTS
Pediatric family-centered rounds (FCRs) improved humanistic outcomes within all 5 identified themes. Not all studies revealed improvement within every category. The humanistic benefits of FCRs are enhanced through interventions targeted toward provider-family barriers, such as health literacy. Patients with limited English proficiency or disabilities or who were receiving intensive care gained additional benefits.
CONCLUSIONS
Pediatric FCRs promote humanistic outcomes including increased empathy, partnership, respect, service, and communication. Limitations included difficulty in defining humanism, variable implementation, and inconsistent reporting of humanistic outcomes. Future efforts should include highlighting FCR's humanistic benefits, universal implementation, and adapting FCRs to pandemics such as coronavirus disease 2019.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Child; Child, Hospitalized; Communication; Empathy; Humanism; Humans; Pediatrics; Professional-Family Relations; Teaching Rounds
PubMed: 34021029
DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2020-000240 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Biomechanical methods are frequently used to provide information about the kinematics and kinetics of posture and movement during musical performance. The aim of this... (Review)
Review
Biomechanical methods are frequently used to provide information about the kinematics and kinetics of posture and movement during musical performance. The aim of this review was to identify and analyze the biomechanical methods performed on woodwind musicians to understand their musculoskeletal demands. A systemic review was carried out following the guidelines of the document Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). It was registered in PROSPERO (code 430304).The databases PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science were consulted between January 2000 and March 2022. The search in the databases identified 1625 articles, and 16 different studies were finally included in the review, with a sample size of 390 participants. Pressure sensors, surface electromyography, infrared thermography, goniometry in two dimensions, and ultrasound topometry in three dimensions were biomechanical methods useful to broaden the knowledge of musculoskeletal demands during musical practice. Piezoresistive pressure sensors were the most widely used method. The great heterogeneity of the studies limited the comparability of the results. The findings raised the need to increase both the quantity and the quality of studies in future research.
PubMed: 37297764
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111621 -
Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology 2021Operating rooms are a scarce resource but often used inefficiently. Operating room efficiency emerges as an important part of maximizing surgical capacity and... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Operating rooms are a scarce resource but often used inefficiently. Operating room efficiency emerges as an important part of maximizing surgical capacity and productivity, minimizing delays, and optimizing lung cancer outcomes. The operative time (time between patient entering and leaving the operating room) is discrete and the one that the surgical team can most directly influence. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the literature and identify methods to improve the efficiency of the intraoperative phase of operations for lung cancer.
METHODS
A literature search (in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus) was performed from inception up to March 9, 2020, according to the methodology described in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement.
RESULTS
We identified 3 articles relevant to the intraoperative phase of lung cancer operating room efficiency. All 3 were consistent in showing clinically relevant time reductions in the intraoperative phase or procedures relevant to this phase. The authors demonstrated that the application of various improvement methodologies resulted in a substantial reduction in operative time, which was associated with a reduction in complications, and improved staff morale.
CONCLUSIONS
Our systematic review found that various improvement methodologies have the potential to significantly reduce operative time for lung cancer surgery. This increases the value of lung cancer surgery. These findings are consistent with the wider literature on improving surgical efficiency.
PubMed: 33795942
DOI: 10.1177/1179554920987105 -
Journal of Behavioral Addictions Dec 2021In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the relationship between compulsive sexual behavior (CSB), religiosity, and spirituality. This review summarizes... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the relationship between compulsive sexual behavior (CSB), religiosity, and spirituality. This review summarizes research examining the relationship CSB has with religiosity and spirituality, clarifying how these constructs inform the assessment and treatment of this syndrome.
METHODS
The present paper reviews research published through August 1, 2021, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Only studies providing quantitative analyses were included.
RESULTS
This review identified 46 articles, subsuming 59 studies, analyzing the relationship between CSB and religiosity or spirituality. Most studies used cross-sectional designs with samples primarily composed of heterosexual White men and women. Generally, the studies found small to moderate positive relationships between religiosity and CSB. Studies considering the mediating or moderating role of moral incongruence identified stronger, indirect relationships between religiosity and problematic pornography use (PPU), a manifestation of CSB. Few studies examined the association between spirituality and CSB, but those that did either reported negative relationships between indicators of spiritual well-being and CSB or positive relationships between CSB and aspects of spiritual struggles.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Although research examining CSB and religiosity has flourished, such growth is hampered by cross-sectional samples lacking in diversity. Moral incongruence assists in explaining the relationship between religiosity and PPU, but future research should consider other manifestations of CSB beyond PPU. Attention should also be given to examining other religiosity and spirituality constructs and obtaining more diverse samples in research on CSB, religiosity, and spirituality.
Topics: Compulsive Behavior; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Paraphilic Disorders; Sexual Behavior; Spirituality
PubMed: 34971357
DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00084 -
Nursing Open Nov 2022To provide an overview of responsibilities and tasks of nurses in pharmaceutical care. (Review)
Review
AIM
To provide an overview of responsibilities and tasks of nurses in pharmaceutical care.
DESIGN
Scoping review.
METHODS
Two databases were systematically searched (MEDLINE and Scopus) for recent original research papers concerning nurses' responsibilities and tasks in pharmaceutical care. The definition of responsibility was based on literature, moral and ethical discussions. Existing responsibilities and tasks beyond preparation and administration of medication were collected and synthesized. This main study outcome was extracted from titles and abstracts only. Results were reported in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
RESULTS
Of the 3,805 titles and abstracts reviewed, 453 abstracts were included. A total of seven responsibilities were identified: (a) management of therapeutic and adverse effects of medication, (b) management of medication adherence, (c) management of patient medication self-management, (d) management of patient education and information about medication, (e) prescription management, (f) medication safety management and (g) (transition of) care coordination. Within these responsibilities, all tasks performed by nurses were described.
Topics: Humans; Medication Adherence; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Self-Management; Pharmaceutical Services; Nurses
PubMed: 34268910
DOI: 10.1002/nop2.984 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2021In recent years, the development of social and moral emotions (often associated to pro-social behaviors) has become the subject of increased research interest. However,... (Review)
Review
In recent years, the development of social and moral emotions (often associated to pro-social behaviors) has become the subject of increased research interest. However, the relation between these emotions and attachment is less studied. The present systematic literature review (PROSPERO: CRD42021247210) was designed to synthesize current empirical contributions that explore the link between attachment and the development of moral emotions (e.g., empathy, sympathy, altruism, and guilt) during childhood and adolescence. Article exclusion criteria included: studies with participants not living in natural contexts (e.g., institutionalized); studies on mental illness; qualitative research; research that does not reliably evaluate attachment or moral emotions; research on intervention programs; and non-peer-reviewed articles. Only 10 studies were found eligible. Results highlight a present focus on empathy and guilt and gaps regarding sympathy and altruism. The mediator role and positive effect of emotion regulation was noted. Significant positive correlations between attachment security and guilt, shame and forgiveness were emphasized. Limitations of the eligible studies included: representativeness of the participants; causality of the results; and the validity and significance of the instruments (e.g., lack of results reported by various parties involved). The present review aims to contribute to the understanding of an empathic, healthy development, in contrast to the alienation and bullying affecting the youth's emotional, relational and academic lives.
PubMed: 34682180
DOI: 10.3390/children8100915 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023The impact of social movements (SMs) and collective behavior (CB) supports the relevance of approaching this phenomenon from social psychology. Several systematic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The impact of social movements (SMs) and collective behavior (CB) supports the relevance of approaching this phenomenon from social psychology. Several systematic reviews (10) and meta-analyses (6) have been carried out in the 21st century, but there is a lack of integration.
AIM
This study seeks to review the patterns of CB and corroborate the psychosocial factors that explain participation in CB and SMs, as well as the long-term psychological effects of participating in them.
METHOD
A systematic search was carried out in the databases Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Willey Online Library, EBSCO, and JSTOR for articles dated between 1969 and 2022. We searched for meta-analyses and systematic reviews that empirically evaluated social movements and collective behavior. Of the 494 initial records, after scanning and eligibility phases, 16 meta-analyses and systematic reviews were analyzed in the present work.
RESULTS
The evidence reviewed shows that participation in collective gatherings and CB are common. A cross-cultural survey suggests that collective gatherings are mostly of a leisure type, to a lesser extent religious and sporting, and to an even lesser extent, demonstrations and large religious rites. World Value surveys found that one to three persons out of 10 participate in protests or CB related to SMs and four out of 10 movements achieved some kind of success. Studies challenged that CBs were characterized by unanimity of beliefs, identification and behavior, generalized excitement, as well as mass panic and riot after catastrophes. Only two out of 10 CB are violent. Meta-analysis and systematic reviews confirm that participation in CB and SMs was associated with (a) intergroup conflict and realistic threat ( = 0.30); (b) positive attitudes, expectations, or agreement with goals or collective motive ( = 0.44); (c) cognitive fraternal relative deprivation ( = 0.25); (d) collective efficacy ( = 0.36); (e) collective identity ( = 0.34); (f) emotions and affective relative deprivation ( = 0.35); (g) moral conviction and threat to moral ( = 0.29); and (h) disagreement with system justification belief ( = -0.26). Participation in successful CB and SMs provokes positive changes in emotions, social identity and social relationships, values and beliefs, and empowerment, as well as negative effects such as depression, stress, burnout, and disempowerment related to the failures of SMs.
CONCLUSION
Studies confirm the importance of explanatory factors for SMs, with data from various cultural regions. There is a lack of systematic studies of CB as well as meta-analyses and more culturally diverse studies of the effects of participation in them.
PubMed: 37151317
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1096877