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Recent Patents on Anti-cancer Drug... 2020As one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among men and women, Colorectal Cancer (CRC) leads to high rates of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Recent anti-...
BACKGROUND
As one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among men and women, Colorectal Cancer (CRC) leads to high rates of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Recent anti- CRC therapies are now targeting specific signaling pathways involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) and autophagy are two main protein quality control systems, which play major roles in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. A balanced function of these two pathways is necessary for the regulation of cell proliferation and cell death.
OBJECTIVE
In this systematic review, we discuss the available evidence regarding the roles of autophagy and ubiquitination in progression and inhibition of CRC.
METHODS
The search terms "colorectal cancer" or "colon cancer" or "colorectal carcinoma" or "colon carcinoma" in combination with "ubiquitin proteasome" and "autophagy" were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, and also Google Patents (https://patents.google .com) from January 2000 to Feb 2020.
RESULTS
The most important factors involved in UPS and autophagy have been investigated. There are many important factors involved in UPS and autophagy but this systematic review shows the studies that have mostly focused on the role of ATG, 20s proteasome and mTOR in CRC, and the more important factors such as ATG8, FIP200, and TIGAR factors that are effective in the regulation of autophagy in CRC cells have not been yet investigated.
CONCLUSION
The most important factors involved in UPS and autophagy such as ATG, 20s proteasome and mTOR, ATG8, FIP200, and TIGAR can be considered in drug therapy for controlling or activating autophagy.
Topics: Autophagy; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Patents as Topic; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; Ubiquitination
PubMed: 32603286
DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200630103626 -
Medicine Sep 2022The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitor parecoxib is widely used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Parecoxib has been adopted for use for postoperative... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitor parecoxib is widely used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Parecoxib has been adopted for use for postoperative analgesia following a range of surgical procedures (orthopedic, general, gynecological, and dental surgery). Total knee or total hip arthroplasty (THA) surgery is mostly done in older patients, so postoperative analgesics need to be used more carefully, and the safety and efficacy of parecoxib in this type of surgery need to be further verified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of parecoxib on patient safety, cumulative morphine consumption and was at 24 and 48 hours in the analgesic treatment of total knee or THA for meta-analysis and systematic review, with few studies in this area so far.
METHODS
We searched the Online Database Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and CBM (SinoMed), CNKI, VIP, WANFANG up to January 2021. According to the value of I2, the random-effect model or fixed-effect model was supposed to combine data from studies, respectively. Publication bias was assessed through funneling plot and Beggs test. Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 16.0 software were applied to perform the statistical analyses.
RESULTS
Eleven RCTs which involved 1690 participants were included in this study. The meta-analysis indicated parecoxib sodium could not significantly reduce the incidence of adverse events after total knee or THA compared with placebo. There was no statistical significance in incidence of nausea and vomiting. 24 hours resting VAS score was statistically significant between the group. The 48-hour resting VAS scores did not indicate a significant difference between the groups.
CONCLUSION
Parecoxib can reduce the incidence of adverse events after total knee or total hip surgery to some extent but cannot reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting. Twenty-four hour postoperative analgesia is better than placebo, but 48 hours after operation analgesia is the same as placebo.
Topics: Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Humans; Isoxazoles; Morphine; Nausea; Pain, Postoperative; Vomiting
PubMed: 36197263
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030748 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024The leading indicator for successful outcomes in fertilization (IVF) is the quality of gametes in oocytes and sperm. Thus, advanced research aims to highlight the... (Review)
Review
Unravelling the role of HAS2, GREM1, and PTGS2 gene expression in cumulus cells: implications for human oocyte development competency - a systematic review and integrated bioinformatic analysis.
The leading indicator for successful outcomes in fertilization (IVF) is the quality of gametes in oocytes and sperm. Thus, advanced research aims to highlight the parameter in assessing these qualities - DNA fragmentation in sperm and oocyte development capacity (ODC) via evaluation of microenvironments involving its maturation process. Regarding oocytes, most evidence reveals the role of cumulus cells as non-invasive methods in assessing their development competency, mainly via gene expression evaluation. Our review aims to consolidate the evidence of GDF-9 derivatives, the HAS2, GREM1, and PTGS2 gene expression in cumulus cells used as ODC markers in relevant publications and tailored to current IVF outcomes. In addition to that, we also added the bioinformatic analysis in our review to strengthen the evidence aiming for a better understanding of the pathways and cluster of the genes of interest - HAS2, GREM1, and PTGS2 in cumulus cell level. Otherwise, the current non-invasive method can be used in exploring various causes of infertility that may affect these gene expressions at the cumulus cell level. Nevertheless, this method can also be used in assessing the ODC in various cohorts of women or as an improvement of markers following targeted tools or procedures by evaluating the advancement of these gene expressions following the targeted intervention.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cumulus Cells; Semen; Oocytes; Gene Expression; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Hyaluronan Synthases
PubMed: 38524634
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1274376 -
Medicine Jan 2020Leigh syndrome (also called Leigh disease or subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy) is a rare inherited neurometabolic disorder, which affects the central nervous... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Leigh syndrome (also called Leigh disease or subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy) is a rare inherited neurometabolic disorder, which affects the central nervous system. This meta-study systematically analyzed clinical manifestations, respiratory chain enzyme complex deficiency, and gene mutations.Literature was searched for publications in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database for meta-analyses of the incidence of clinical symptoms, laboratory assessments, imaging data, muscle biopsy histochemical staining, activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complex, gene mutations, and the association between age at disease onset and type of gene mutations.This study included 5 studies with 385 Leigh syndrome patients. The most common clinical features of Leigh syndrome included elevated blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of lactate (72%), developmental retardation (57%), hypotonia (42%), followed by respiratory dysfunction (34%), epileptic seizures (33%), poor feeding (29%), and weakness (27%). Approximately 80% of the patients had deficiencies of the respiratory chain enzyme complex or isolated complex I deficiency (35%), 32% had mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, and 38% had nuclear DNA (nDNA) mutations. Patients with nDNA mutations were younger than those with mtDNA mutations (8.82 ± 13.88 vs 26.20 ± 41.11 years, P = .007).The data from the current meta-analysis demonstrated a variety of clinical and molecular manifestations of Leigh syndrome, with upregulated lactate levels in the blood or CSF being the most common feature. Diagnosis of Leigh syndrome could be confirmed using combined enzymatic and genetic analyses.
Topics: Electron Transport Complex I; Humans; Leigh Disease; Mutation
PubMed: 32000367
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000018634 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2020Microalgae productive chains are gaining importance as sustainable alternatives to obtain natural pigments. This work presents a review on the most promising pigments...
Microalgae productive chains are gaining importance as sustainable alternatives to obtain natural pigments. This work presents a review on the most promising pigments and microalgal sources by gathering trends from a 10-year bibliometric survey, a patents search, and an industrial and market analysis built from available market reports, projects and companies' webpages. The performed analysis pointed out chlorophylls, phycocyanin, astaxanthin, and β-carotene as the most relevant pigments, and , , , and , respectively, as the most studied sources. is referred in the highest number of patents, corroborating a high technological interest in this microalga. The biorefinery concept, investment in projects and companies related to microalgae cultivation and/or pigment extraction is increasingly growing, particularly, for phycocyanin from . These pieces of evidence are a step forward to consolidate the microalgal pigments market, which is expected to grow in the coming years, increasing the prospects of replacing synthetic pigments by natural counterparts.
Topics: Drug Industry; Microalgae; Phycocyanin; Pigments, Biological
PubMed: 32731380
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153406 -
Anti-inflammatory & Anti-allergy Agents... 2023Previous studies have experimentally validated and reported that chemical constituents of marine sponges are a source of natural anti-inflammatory substances with the...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have experimentally validated and reported that chemical constituents of marine sponges are a source of natural anti-inflammatory substances with the biotechnological potential to develop novel drugs.
AIMS
Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to provide an overview of the anti-inflammatory substances isolated from marine sponges with therapeutic potential.
METHODS
This systematic review was performed on the Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases. In total, 613 were found, but 340 duplicate studies were excluded, only 100 manuscripts were eligible, and 83 were included.
RESULTS
The results were based on and assays, and the anti-inflammatory effects of 251 bioactive compounds extracted from marine sponges were investigated. Their anti-inflammatory activities include inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitrite or nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), cyclooxygenase- 1 (COX-1), and superoxide radicals.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, data suggest (approximately 98% of articles) that substances obtained from marine sponges may be promising for the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of different pathological conditions.
Topics: Animals; NF-kappa B; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Interleukin-6; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Porifera; Lipopolysaccharides; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Cyclooxygenase 2; Nitric Oxide
PubMed: 38038014
DOI: 10.2174/0118715230272152231106094727 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Feb 2024Late-onset multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is the most common lipid storage myopathy. There are sex differences in fat metabolism and it is not known... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Late-onset multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is the most common lipid storage myopathy. There are sex differences in fat metabolism and it is not known whether late-onset MADD affects men and women equally.
METHODS
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, and Wanfang databases were searched until 01/08/2023. Studies reporting sex distribution in patients with late-onset MADD were included. Two authors independently screened studies for eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Pre-specified outcomes of interest were the male-to-female ratio (MFR) of patients with late-onset MADD, the differences of clinical characteristics between the sexes, and factors influencing the MFR.
RESULTS
Of 3379 identified studies, 34 met inclusion criteria, yielding a total of 609 late-onset MADD patients. The overall pooled percentage of males was 58% (95% CI, 54-63%) with low heterogeneity across studies (I = 2.99%; P = 0.42). The mean onset ages, diagnostic delay, serum creatine kinase (CK), and allelic frequencies of 3 hotspot variants in ETFDH gene were similar between male and female patients (P > 0.05). Meta-regressions revealed that ethnic group was associated with the MFR in late-onset MADD, and subgroup meta-analyses demonstrated that East-Asian patients had a higher percentage of male, lower CK, and higher proportion of hotspot variants in ETFDH gene than non-East-Asian patients (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Male patients with late-onset MADD were more common than female patients. Ethnicity was proved to be a factor influencing the MFR in late-onset MADD. These findings suggest that male sex may be a risk factor for the disease.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Multiple Acyl Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Mutation; Delayed Diagnosis; Electron-Transferring Flavoproteins; Iron-Sulfur Proteins; Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors; Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase
PubMed: 38365830
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03072-6 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Jul 2021Cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms-1 and -2 have been extensively investigated in cancer. Although COX-2 is the isoform most studied and has been described in several...
Cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms-1 and -2 have been extensively investigated in cancer. Although COX-2 is the isoform most studied and has been described in several malignancies associated with histologic criteria of malignancy and worse prognosis, COX-1 has also been linked to some forms of cancer. With the present review our aim was to summarize the current state of knowledge and clarify if and in which type of tumours COX-1 and/or COX-2 expression have real prognostic implications. We searched PubMed database for prognostic studies using predefined inclusion criteria in order to ascertain the prognostic value of COX-1 and COX-2 in malignant neoplasia in dogs and cats. Eighteen studies were analysed. COX-2 was shown to be a negative prognostic factor in canine and feline mammary tumours, canine mast cell tumour, canine melanoma, canine osteosarcoma and canine renal cell carcinoma. COX-1 showed a negative prognostic value in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We found high heterogeneity among studies regarding COX immunohistochemical evaluation methodology even in the same type of neoplasia pointing out the need for its standardization at least by tumour type. The available data support the use of COX-2 as a prognostic factor in canine (mammary carcinoma, mast cell tumour, melanoma, osteosarcoma and renal carcinoma) and feline (mammary carcinoma) cancers. For COX-1, its use is advised in feline oral SCC.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cyclooxygenase 1; Cyclooxygenase 2; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Gene Expression; Prognosis
PubMed: 33751829
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.460 -
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents... 2022Thromboembolic events are one of the important complications in COVID-19 patients, especially in severe cases. Aspirin affects platelet function by irreversibly...
INTRODUCTION
Thromboembolic events are one of the important complications in COVID-19 patients, especially in severe cases. Aspirin affects platelet function by irreversibly inhibiting cyclooxygenase activity, reducing the risk of thrombosis. The current systematic review aimed to evaluate aspirin's effectiveness in preventing pro-thrombotic states in COVID-19 hospitalized patients.
METHODS
The systematic search was done in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Medrxiv until September 27, 2021. The following keywords were used: "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "2019 Novel Coronavirus", "Aspirin," and "Acetylsalicylic Acid."
RESULTS
Twelve studies were included. In COVID-19 patients, aspirin can reduce CRP, IL-6 levels, and platelet aggregation by inhibiting thromboxane A2. It can also improve antiviral immunity by hindering the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and lipoxin. Eight out of twelve articles indicated that aspirin provided a beneficial effect on COVID-19. Most studies consider lowered mechanical ventilation needs, ICU admission, illness severity, overt thrombosis, and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients receiving aspirin.
CONCLUSION
Aspirin as an antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory agent may reduce the mortality rates in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. Further observational studies are necessary to determine the effect of aspirin on the prevention of pro-thrombotic states in hospitalized COVID- 19 patients.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Aspirin; Humans; Interleukin-6; Lipoxins; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Prostaglandins; SARS-CoV-2; Thrombosis; Thromboxane A2; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 35366783
DOI: 10.2174/1871525720666220401102728 -
Advances in Therapy Dec 2019Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a relatively common, rapidly progressing inherited optic neuropathy wherein LHON-affected eyes undergo optic nerve atrophy...
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a relatively common, rapidly progressing inherited optic neuropathy wherein LHON-affected eyes undergo optic nerve atrophy due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss. It is a maternally inherited (or sporadic) mitochondrial disorder caused primarily by mutations in genes that encode components of respiratory complex (RC)1 in mitochondria. Mitochondrial deficiency of RC1 compromises ATP production and oxidative stress management in RGCs. The most common LHON-causing mutations are 11778G>A, 3460G>A, and 14484T>C point mutations in MT-ND4, MT-ND1, and MT-ND6. The unusually high mitochondrial load of RGCs makes them particularly sensitive to these mutations. Patients with LHON may be prescribed ubiquinone (a component of RC3) or idebenone, a ubiquinone analogue with enhanced bioavailability to act downstream of RC1. The challenge of accessing the inner mitochondrial membrane with gene therapy for LHON, and other mitochondrial diseases, may be overcome by incorporation of a specific mitochondrion-targeting sequence (MTS) that enables allotropic expression of a nucleus-transcribed ND4 transgene. Because LHON penetrance is incomplete among carriers of the aforementioned mutations, identification of environmental factors, such as heavy smoking, that interact with genetics in the phenotypic expression of LHON may be helpful toward preventing or delaying disease development. LHON has become a model for mitochondrial and neurogenerative diseases owing to it having a clearly identified genetic cause and its early onset and rapid progression characteristics. Hence, LHON studies and genetic treatment advances may inform research of other diseases.
Topics: DNA, Mitochondrial; Electron Transport Complex I; Genetic Therapy; Humans; Mutation; Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber; Phenotype; Point Mutation
PubMed: 31605306
DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-01113-2