-
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2024This study aimed to evaluate the scientific literature on the micronucleus assay in nasal mucosa as an appropriate method for evaluating genotoxicity caused by chemical... (Review)
Review
This study aimed to evaluate the scientific literature on the micronucleus assay in nasal mucosa as an appropriate method for evaluating genotoxicity caused by chemical agents. According to the PRISMA guidelines, only in vivo human studies with micronucleus assays using nasal cells were considered. Reviews, case reports, editorials, letters to the editor, and articles not written in English were excluded. The following scientific databases/search engines were used: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results: This review included 13 studies. Four articles detected no statistical significance regarding the frequency of micronuclei while nine articles showed an increase in micronuclei in nasal cells. In the qualitative analysis, two articles were considered strong, eight were moderate and three were weak. The micronucleus assay using nasal mucosa cells is a sensitive and effective technique for assessing DNA damage and an appropriate method for monitoring humans continuously exposed to chemicals.
Topics: Humans; Micronucleus Tests; Mutagens; Nasal Mucosa; DNA Damage
PubMed: 37442547
DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2234300 -
International Journal of Radiation... 2023The aim of this study was to evaluate if the micronucleus test using oral epithelial cells is a suitable biomarker for biomonitoring children exposed to X-ray. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to evaluate if the micronucleus test using oral epithelial cells is a suitable biomarker for biomonitoring children exposed to X-ray.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A search was performed through the electronic databases PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, all studies published up to February 2022 that examined the relationship between exposure of children to radiographic examinations and micronucleus.
RESULTS
A total of 17 full-text manuscripts were screened for eligibility. Only two studies found a difference in micronucleus labeling. On the other hand, all studies showed that X-ray was able to induce cellular death in oral mucosa cells. Following the parameters of the Effective Practices in Public Health Project (EPHPP), five manuscripts reached moderate and strong scores, and four studies were categorized as weak at final rating. In the meta-analysis, statistically significant difference was detected in micronucleated cells in children before and after radiographic examinations (SMD = 0.96, 95% CI, 0.07-1.84, = .04), with τ=1.09; χ=53.37, and < .001.
CONCLUSION
Radiographic examinations in children can cause genotoxic and cytotoxic damage in the oral epithelium with a large effect size.
Topics: Humans; Child; Micronucleus Tests; Biological Monitoring; X-Rays; Radiography; Epithelial Cells; DNA Damage; Mouth Mucosa
PubMed: 36952616
DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2194405 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Aug 2019Although studies have elucidated the significant biomedical potential of biogenic metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), it is very important to explore the hazards associated...
A Systematic Review of the Genotoxicity and Antigenotoxicity of Biologically Synthesized Metallic Nanomaterials: Are Green Nanoparticles Safe Enough for Clinical Marketing?
Although studies have elucidated the significant biomedical potential of biogenic metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), it is very important to explore the hazards associated with the use of biogenic MNPs. Evidence indicates that genetic toxicity causes mutation, carcinogenesis, and cell death. Therefore, we systematically review original studies that investigated the genotoxic effect of biologically synthesized MNPs via in vitro and in vivo models. Articles were systematically collected by screening the literature published online in the following databases; Cochrane, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and EBSCO. : Most of the studies were carried out on the MCF-7 cancer cell line and phytosynthesis was the general approach to MNP preparation in all studies. Fungi were the second most predominant resource applied for MNP synthesis. A total of 80.57% of the studies synthesized biogenic MNPs with sizes below 50 nm. The genotoxicity of Ag, Au, ZnO, TiO, Se, Cu, Pt, Zn, Ag-Au, CdS, FeO, TbO, and Si-Ag NPs was evaluated. AgNPs, prepared in 68.79% of studies, and AuNPs, prepared in 12.76%, were the two most predominant biogenic MNPs synthesized and evaluated in the included articles. : Although several studies reported the antigenotoxic influence of biogenic MNPs, most of them reported biogenic MNP genotoxicity at specific concentrations and with a dose or time dependence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically evaluate the genotoxicity of biologically synthesized MNPs and provide a valuable summary of genotoxicity data. In conclusion, our study implied that the genotoxicity of biologically synthesized MNPs varies case-by-case and highly dependent on the synthesis parameters, biological source, applied assay, etc. The gathered data are required for the translation of these nanoproducts from research laboratories to the clinical market.
Topics: Humans; Marketing; Metal Nanoparticles; Mutagenicity Tests
PubMed: 31387257
DOI: 10.3390/medicina55080439 -
General Dentistry 2020The use of mobile phones is based on radiofrequency (RF) waves, and the devices act as transmitters and receivers of non-ionizing energy. The micronucleus test was... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The use of mobile phones is based on radiofrequency (RF) waves, and the devices act as transmitters and receivers of non-ionizing energy. The micronucleus test was developed to identify increases in the occurrence of mutations in cells exposed to various agents. This systematic review with meta-analysis adhered to the following protocol: defining the objective, outlining the search method (PICO model), conducting the search, identifying literature, selecting articles, and extracting data. The study aimed to answer the following research question: Does non-ionizing radiation emitted by mobile phones have genotoxic and/or cytotoxic effects on the oral epithelium? The search for evidence published 2009-2019 was conducted in the MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, Google Scholar, PROSPERO, and Cochrane Library databases. The following inclusion criteria were defined: investigations of effects on the oral mucosa related to RF; investigations of cytotoxic and/or genotoxic effects; investigations involving humans; and investigations using cells exfoliated from the oral epithelium. Investigations related to the parotid gland were excluded. The search strategy found 464 articles; after application of the eligibility criteria, 358 abstracts were analyzed and 351 abstracts excluded. After 7 full texts were reviewed, 1 study was excluded. The 6 included studies were classified as level 5 quality of evidence (observational studies). The meta-analysis included 2 studies that compared the frequency of micronuclei on the side exposed to RF electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) to that on the unexposed side. The studies evaluated presented a low degree of evidence, but the meta- analysis indicated that no genotoxic effects are associated with mobile phone use. However, observations of other nuclear abnormalities in some studies suggest the occurrence of cytotoxic effects caused by exposure to the RF-EMFs emitted by mobile phones. More studies are necessary to prove or refute this association.
Topics: Cell Phone Use; DNA Damage; Electromagnetic Fields; Epithelium; Humans; Radio Waves
PubMed: 33136050
DOI: No ID Found -
Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology Feb 2022To evaluate, through a systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis, the occurrence of genotoxic effects in the oral epithelium after the exposure of patients to panoramic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate, through a systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis, the occurrence of genotoxic effects in the oral epithelium after the exposure of patients to panoramic radiographs.
METHODS
An SR was performed with the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study design) strategy, aiming to answer the following question: "Can panoramic radiographs induce genotoxic effects on the oral epithelium?" The study was registered in the PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews) platform. A systematic search was performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed (including MedLine), Scopus, Embase, LILACS, Medline EbscoHost, and Google Scholar. Treatment effects were defined as standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were established. The Joanna Briggs Institute questionnaire for observational studies was applied to assess the risk of bias. The GRADE tool was used to assess the quality of evidence of the SR.
RESULTS
A total of 251 potentially relevant studies were selected through the search strategy. After screening titles and abstracts, 11 full-text manuscripts were assessed for eligibility and nine observational studies were included in the meta-analysis. The present study showed an increase in micronuclei after the exposure (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.28, = 0.02), with a Tauindex = 0.00, Chi = 2.35, and -value = 0.97. Therefore, the articles selected were considered homogeneous and the I² of 0% indicated low heterogeneity.
CONCLUSION
According to the studies analysed, although the quality of evidence was considered low, panoramic radiographs can cause genotoxic damage in the oral epithelium but with a small effect size.
Topics: DNA Damage; Epithelium; Humans; Radiography, Panoramic
PubMed: 34319790
DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210149 -
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine Oct 2020The worldwide increased use of mobile phone in recent years has raised many questions on whether their use is safe to user who is exposed to electromagnetic radiation....
The worldwide increased use of mobile phone in recent years has raised many questions on whether their use is safe to user who is exposed to electromagnetic radiation. The aim of the review is to find out the effect of mobile phone emitted radiations on buccal mucosal cells. To identify suitable literature, an electronic search was performed using PubMed, Trip database, Cochrane, Google Scholar and EBSCO host database. The search was focused on the effect of mobile phone radiation on buccal cells. Among the literature available in English, the screening of the related titles and abstracts was done, and only those articles were selected for full-text reading that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The initial literature search resulted in 23 articles out of which only 7 articles fulfilled the criteria were included in this systematic review. The Studies showed that mobile phone-emitted radiations have adverse effects on buccal mucosal cells such as the formation of micronuclei and broken egg which was considered as bio-markers of genotoxicity.
Topics: Animals; Cell Phone; Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Mutagenicity Tests
PubMed: 32703051
DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2020.1793168 -
Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT Apr 2020Microarray approaches are frequently used experimental tools which have proven their value for example in the characterization of the molecular mode of action of...
Microarray approaches are frequently used experimental tools which have proven their value for example in the characterization of the molecular mode of action of toxicologically relevant compounds. In a regulatory context, omics techniques are still not routinely used, amongst others due to lacking standardization in experimental setup and data processing, and also due to issues with the definition of adversity. In order to exemplarily determine whether consensus transcript biomarker signatures for a certain toxicological endpoint can be derived from published microarray datasets, we here compared transcriptome data from human HepaRG hepatocarcinoma cells treated with different genotoxins, based on re-analyzed datasets extracted from the literature. Comparison of the resulting data show that even with similarly-acting compounds in the same cell line, considerable variation was observed with respect to the numbers and identities of differentially expressed genes. Greater concordance was observed when considering the whole data sets and biological functions associated with the genes affected. The present results highlight difficulties and possibilities in inter-experiment comparisons of omics data and underpin the need for future efforts towards improved standardization to facilitate the use of omics data in risk assessment. Existing omics datasets may nonetheless prove valuable in establishing biological context information essential for the development of adverse outcome pathways.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Gene Expression Profiling; Genetic Markers; Hepatocytes; Humans; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Assessment; Transcriptome
PubMed: 31845381
DOI: 10.1002/jat.3928 -
Anticancer Research Sep 2021The aim of this review was to evaluate the scientific literature regarding the cytogenetic damage in oral exfoliated cells of adult patients submitted to panoramic X-ray. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIM
The aim of this review was to evaluate the scientific literature regarding the cytogenetic damage in oral exfoliated cells of adult patients submitted to panoramic X-ray.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An extensive search of the literature was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases for all studies published until April 2021 using combinations of the following keywords: "panoramic X-ray," "DNA damage," "genetic damage", "genotoxicity", "mutagenicity", cytotoxicity", "buccal cells", "oral mucosa", "tongue", "gingiva", "micronucleus assay", according to the PRISMA guidelines. All clinical studies in English language were included in the study. A total of 10 studies were identified.
RESULTS
As expected, the results regarding the cytogenetic damage induced by panoramic X-ray are conflicting. Some authors have demonstrated that panoramic X-ray induces mutagenesis in oral cells, whereas others did not. After reviewing the 10 studies, two were classified as strong, four were considered moderate, and four were considered weak, according to the quality assessment components of the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP). Meta-analysis data revealed a negative response related to mutagenicity in oral cells by panoramic X-ray.
CONCLUSION
Taken together, this review failed to demonstrate the association between micronucleus frequency and panoramic X-ray.
Topics: Cytogenetic Analysis; DNA Damage; Humans; Micronucleus Tests; Mouth Mucosa; Mutation; Radiography, Panoramic
PubMed: 34475039
DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15224 -
Biological Trace Element Research May 2021With the wide use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO-NPs), the genotoxicity of TiO-NPs, which is a factor for safety assessment, has attracted people's attention.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
With the wide use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO-NPs), the genotoxicity of TiO-NPs, which is a factor for safety assessment, has attracted people's attention. However, their genotoxic effects in vitro remain controversial due to inconsistent reports. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted followed by a meta-analysis to reveal whether TiO-NPs cause genotoxicity in vitro. A total of 59 studies were identified in this review through exhaustive database retrieval and exclusion. Meta-analysis results were presented based on different evaluation methods. The results showed that TiO-NP exposure considerably increased the percentage of DNA in tail and olive tail moment in comet assay. Gene mutation assay revealed that TiO-NPs could also induce gene mutation. However, TiO-NP exposure had no effect on micronucleus (MN) formation in the MN assay. Subgroup analysis showed that normal cells were more vulnerable to toxicity induced by TiO-NPs. Moreover, mixed form and small particles of TiO-NPs increased the percentage of DNA in tail. In addition, short-term exposure could detect more DNA damage. The size, coating, duration, and concentration of TiO-NPs influenced MN formation. This study presented that TiO-NP exposure could cause genotoxicity in vitro. The physicochemical properties of TiO-NPs and experimental protocols influence the genotoxic effects in vitro. Comet and gene mutation assays may be more sensitive to the detection of TiO-NP genotoxic effects.
Topics: Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Metal Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles; Titanium
PubMed: 32770326
DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02311-8 -
Pathology, Research and Practice Apr 2022This systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the scientific data related to cytogenetic damage in oral exfoliated cells of patients diagnosed with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Is micronucleus assay in oral exfoliated cells a suitable biomarker for predicting cancer risk in individuals with oral potentially malignant disorders? A systematic review with meta-analysis.
This systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the scientific data related to cytogenetic damage in oral exfoliated cells of patients diagnosed with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). The SR was conducted according to the PRISMA-P guidelines. The PICOS (Participants, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study Design) strategy was used to answer the question: "Is micronucleus assay in oral exfoliated cells a suitable biomarker for predicting cancer risk in individuals with OPMDs?" The search strategy was performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science. The comparisons were defined as standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The quality of included studies was assessed using the EPHPP (Effective Public Health Practice Project). The GRADE tool was also utilized to assess the quality of evidence of the SR. A total of 110 potentially relevant studies were selected through the search strategy. After screening titles and abstracts, 20 full-text manuscripts were assessed for eligibility and three observational studies were included in the meta-analysis. After reviewing the 20 studies, 13 were considered weak. The meta-analysis data revealed a statistically significant difference in oral micronucleated cells by patients with OPMDs when compared to control (SMD=1.77, 95% CI, 0.36-3.18, p = 0.01), with a Tau = 1.97; Chi = 66.64, and p < 0.001. Patients with OPMDs had a positive response related to mutagenicity in oral cells compared to control patients. However, SR was not able to validate the micronucleus assay as a putative biomarker in individuals with oral potentially malignant disorders since the majority of studies were considered weak based on high risk of bias.
Topics: Biomarkers; Humans; Micronucleus Tests; Mouth Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions
PubMed: 35279481
DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153828