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European Journal of Ophthalmology Jan 2022To assess the association between diabetes mellitus and keratoconus. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
To assess the association between diabetes mellitus and keratoconus.
METHODS
PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for literature on the association between diabetes and keratoconus. The last literature search was conducted on April 4, 2021. A secondary form of the literature search was conducted by manually scanning the reference list of retrieved eligible articles. Included studies were cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional study design that used odds ratio or risk ratio to evaluate the relationship between keratoconus and diabetes. Egger's test was used to assess the presence of publication bias. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
RESULTS
Nine studies (six case-control and three cohort studies) published between 2000 and 2021 were included. The total number of keratoconus patients and controls were 27,311 and 53,732. respectively. Meta-analysis revealed no significant association between diabetes mellitus and keratoconus; the pooled odds ratio was 0.87 (95% confidence interval: 0.66-1.14; = 0.314). There was significant heterogeneity ( (df = 7) = 33.36, < 0.001; = 79.01, < 0.001). Age of participants ( < 0.0001), study design ( < 0.001), and sample size ( = 0.024) were significant sources of heterogeneity. There was no evidence of publication bias.
CONCLUSION
The current meta-analysis revealed no significant association between diabetes mellitus and keratoconus. Well-designed longitudinal prospective studies are, however, needed to investigate any association between diabetes mellitus and keratoconus.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Keratoconus; Odds Ratio; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 34761685
DOI: 10.1177/11206721211053167 -
Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Mar 2023This systematic review was performed to determine the population that benefited from prophylactic ivermectin. Seven databases of health-related studies were searched for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This systematic review was performed to determine the population that benefited from prophylactic ivermectin. Seven databases of health-related studies were searched for eligible trials without language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies investigating ivermectin for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention were included. Data were pooled using a random-effects model, and subgroups were analyzed by study type and the pre- or postexposure population. The certainty of the evidence was determined by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Furthermore, 4 RCTs and 4 cohort studies with a moderate to high risk of bias were included in the analysis. The prophylactic use of ivermectin significantly decreased the overall incidence of COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR], 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16-0.44). Nevertheless, the positive result was not supported by the RCT. Ivermectin was associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.12-0.40) in the preexposure population, whereas no protective effect was observed in the postexposure population (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.09-1.67). In summary, prophylactic ivermectin did not prevent COVID-19 in the postexposure population. Although the protective effect of ivermectin was shown in the overall and preexposure populations, the results were unreliable owing to poor-quality evidence.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Ivermectin; Bias; Research Design; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 36399336
DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2178 -
Muscle & Nerve Jan 2022Previous studies have shown inconsistent data on the relationship between statin use and polyneuropathy (PN). The current systematic review and meta-analyses were...
INTRODUCTION/AIMS
Previous studies have shown inconsistent data on the relationship between statin use and polyneuropathy (PN). The current systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted to comprehensively investigate the risk of incident PN among statin-users compared with non-users by identifying all available studies and summarizing their results.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted from MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from inception to October 31, 2020. We included cohort and case-control studies that compared the risk of incident PN between statin-users and non-users. Point estimates and standard errors from eligible studies were pooled together using the generic inverse variance method.
RESULTS
Of 4968 retrieved articles, 6 studies in non-diabetic populations and 2 studies in diabetic populations fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Two meta-analyses were performed. The pooled analyses did not find a statistically significant association between the use of statins and risk of incident PN with the pooled odds ratio of 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-1.76; I 74%) and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.56-1.21; I 80%) in non-diabetic and diabetic groups respectively.
DISCUSSION
No significant association between the use of statins and the risk of PN was observed in this systematic review and these two meta-analyses. However, there was a high degree of heterogeneity of the meta-analyses.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Odds Ratio; Polyneuropathies
PubMed: 34693541
DOI: 10.1002/mus.27447 -
European Geriatric Medicine Jun 2022We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the relationship between total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (fT), or sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and frailty... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the relationship between total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (fT), or sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and frailty in older adults.
METHODS
We systematically searched nine databases (e.g. MEDLINE, Embase, ACP Journal Club, and the Cochrane library et al.) for papers on frailty and androgen levels published up to October 10, 2021. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) for the relationship between testosterone level and frailty by performing meta-analysis.
RESULTS
The search strategy yielded 311 hits in all databases combined. Eleven (seven cross-sectional studies and four cohort studies) met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Among cross-sectional studies, meta-analysis revealed a significant association between TT and frailty in men (OR = 1.37 [95% CI 1.09, 1.72]) not women (OR = 1.06 [0.84, 1.34]). The fT was also significantly association with frailty in men (OR = 1.55 [1.06, 2.25] not women (OR = 1.35 [0.91, 2.01]). Cohort studies showed the same result in TT (OR = 1.09 [1.02, 1.18]) and fT (OR = 1.15 [1.02, 1.30]) for men. We did not find a significant association between SHBG and frailty.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that TT and fT were significantly associated with frailty in older men but not women.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Frailty; Humans; Male; Odds Ratio; Testosterone
PubMed: 35107811
DOI: 10.1007/s41999-022-00614-8 -
Oral Diseases Nov 2022To undertake a meta-analysis of the association of Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) with diabetes, two diseases with an important impact on public health and the economy, but... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To undertake a meta-analysis of the association of Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) with diabetes, two diseases with an important impact on public health and the economy, but the evidence of which about their association is inconsistent.
METHODS
Relevant studies were localized by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Conference Proceedings, and other databases from inception to October 2020, without restrictions. The reference lists of included studies and of related reviews were also inspected. Global pooled odds ratios were calculated, and predefined subgroup analyses were performed. The heterogeneity between studies and publication bias was assessed and sensitivity analysis was carried out.
RESULTS
Thirty-two studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled ORs showed a moderate association between diabetes and OLP [OR: 1.87 (95%CI: 1.57, 2.34)]. The association is limited to studies carried out on adults only [OR: 2.12 (95%CI: 1.75, 2.57)] and is observed in all study designs. Globally, the heterogeneity was low to moderate. Studies carried out in European populations show a stronger association of diabetes and OLP than Asiatic studies [OR: 2.49 (95%CI: 1.87, 3.32) and 1.60 (95%CI: 1.25, 2.03), respectively].
CONCLUSIONS
Diabetes and OLP are moderately associated. Systematic diagnosis of diabetes in OLP patients could prove useful.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Lichen Planus, Oral; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 34051029
DOI: 10.1111/odi.13927 -
Contact Dermatitis Sep 2022Evidence regarding the association between lifestyle factors and hand eczema is limited.To extensively investigate the association between lifestyle factors (smoking,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Evidence regarding the association between lifestyle factors and hand eczema is limited.To extensively investigate the association between lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, stress, physical activity, body mass index, diet, and sleep) and the prevalence, incidence, subtype, severity, and prognosis of hand eczema, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology consensus statement. MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched up to October 2021. The (modified) Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to judge risk of bias. Quality of the evidence was rated using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Eligibility and quality were blindly assessed by two independent investigators; disagreements were resolved by a third investigator. Data were pooled using a random-effects model, and when insufficient for a meta-analysis, evidence was narratively summarized. Fifty-five studies were included. The meta-analysis (17 studies) found very low quality evidence that smoking is associated with a higher prevalence of hand eczema (odds ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.09-1.26). No convincing evidence of associations for the other lifestyle factors with hand eczema were found, mostly due to heterogeneity, conflicting results, and/or the limited number of studies per outcome.
Topics: Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Eczema; Humans; Life Style; Odds Ratio; Smoking
PubMed: 35277987
DOI: 10.1111/cod.14102 -
Journal of Addictive Diseases 2022Unemployment is an economic and social phenomenon that has economic, social, personal, and health consequences. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Unemployment is an economic and social phenomenon that has economic, social, personal, and health consequences. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between unemployment and alcohol use and smoking as a systematic review and meta-analysis. The two databases PubMed and Scopus were selected for the search and using a set of keywords, these two sources of scientific information were searched from 2004 to June 2021 and 1996 until June 2021, respectively. To meta-analyze the relationship between unemployment and smoking and alcohol use, odds ratio and confidence interval were calculated for this relationship. The meta-analysis was performed based on a random-effects. Subgroups were also performed for men and women. Heterogeneity in studies as well as publication bias were also examined. A total of 52 cross-sectional and cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the relationship between unemployment and alcohol use, the odds ratio was 1.25 and the confidence interval was between 1.12 and 1.41. In the relationship between unemployment and smoking, the odds ratio was 1.43 and the confidence interval was between 1.13 and 1.81. According to the results, it can be said that unemployment increases the likelihood of alcohol use and smoking. Therefore, policymakers must pay more attention to the health consequences of economic problems, especially unemployment.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Odds Ratio; Smoking; Unemployment
PubMed: 34747337
DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1981124 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jan 2023The relationship between cognitive frailty and depression is unclear and quantitative analyses are lacking. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND AIM
The relationship between cognitive frailty and depression is unclear and quantitative analyses are lacking. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between cognitive frailty and depression.
METHODS
We systematically searched Embase, PubMed, Medline (Ovid), Web of Science, and APA PsycInfo (American Psychological Association PsycInfo) databases until April 2022. Meta-analysis was performed using the Stata software. The prevalence between cognitive frailty and depression them was estimated by extracting the proportion of cognitive frailty and depression in the total number of patients. We extracted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) to estimate the relationship between cognitive frailty and depression.
RESULTS
A meta-analysis of 15 studies revealed that cognitive frailty in older adults was associated with a higher risk of depression (OR = 2.06, 95 % CI = 1.72-2.48, p = 0.001). Eight studies involved the prevalence of cognitive frailty and depression, with an overall prevalence of depression of 46 % (95 % CI, 30 % -62 %; p < 0.0001) in cognitively frail patients.
LIMITATION
Differences in definitions and assessment methods for cognitive frailty across studies.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of cognitive frailty combined with depression in the elderly is high wherein both are mutually affected. More prospective studies are needed to investigate the relationship between cognitive frailty and depression and to propose targeted treatment options and preventive measures to improve the quality of life of the elderly population.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Frailty; Frail Elderly; Quality of Life; Odds Ratio; Cognition
PubMed: 36183817
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.118 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on thyroid function and the role of thyroid hormones alterations in predicting... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on thyroid function and the role of thyroid hormones alterations in predicting the severity of COVID-19. Online databases, including Scopus, Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were searched up to August 2, 2022. After screening titles, abstracts, and full manuscripts, respectively, 30 reports were enrolled. The risk of bias (ROB) was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool. In addition, odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) analysis for assessing the OR of abnormal thyroid function tests (TFT) in predicting the COVID-19 severity and poor outcomes. Among 30 enrolled studies, ROB of the current study is estimated low to moderate. The average number of patients in each study was 325 (range: 40-3,703), with an overall mean age of 57.6, and the female proportion of 40.4%. Overall, the pooled analysis showed that the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among 9,707 COVID-19 cases was 15%. Among mild to moderate COVID-19 patients, 6.2% had abnormal TFT, and among patients who experienced severe to critical COVID-19, 20.8% had abnormal TFT. The pooled OR for abnormal TFT and the severity of COVID-19 obtained from 3,865 COVID-19 patients was 3.77 (2.03, 6.99). The pooled HR of TSH level of COVID-19 mortality was 1.57 (0.91, 2.72). Our results demonstrate a high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19, and that among patients severe cases had a 3.77-fold higher risk of abnormal TFT compared to mild to moderate COVID-19. Further studies are required to evaluate the longer-term prognostic role of thyroid dysfunction in severe COVID-19, and investigate potential therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Humans; Female; Middle Aged; COVID-19; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Function Tests; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 36387848
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.947594 -
Food & Function Aug 2023: Studies investigating the effects of dietary intake on serum uric acid (SUA) and hyperuricemia have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, we conducted a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
: Studies investigating the effects of dietary intake on serum uric acid (SUA) and hyperuricemia have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the associations between various dietary patterns and SUA levels as well as hyperuricemia. : We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases for relevant articles examining the association between dietary intake and SUA levels and/or hyperuricemia published until March 2023. Dietary intake patterns were classified into plant-based, animal-based, and mixed dietary patterns based on predominant foods. The pooled effect sizes of eligible studies and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using random-effects models. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test. : We included 41 studies, comprising 359 317 participants, that investigated the effects of dietary patterns on SUA levels ( = 25) and hyperuricemia ( = 19). Our findings suggested that a plant-based dietary pattern was associated with decreased SUA levels in both interventional (standard mean difference: -0.24 mg dL, 95% CI: -0.42, -0.06; = 61.4%) and observational studies (odds ratio (OR): 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.95, = 91.1%); this association was stronger in men (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.58; = 0). We observed that plant- and animal-based dietary patterns were associated with a reduced risk (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.83, = 93.3%) and an increased risk (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.59, = 88.4%) of hyperuricemia, respectively. : Collectively, a plant-based dietary pattern is negatively associated with SUA levels and hyperuricemia. Therefore, a plant-based dietary pattern should be recommended for the management of SUA levels and the prevention of hyperuricemia.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Male; Hyperuricemia; Uric Acid; Databases, Factual; Food; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 37599588
DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02004e