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International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2022The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding the prevalence of malocclusion and different orthodontic features in children and... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding the prevalence of malocclusion and different orthodontic features in children and adolescents.
METHODS
The digital databases PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Open Grey, and Web of Science were searched from inception to November 2021. Epidemiological studies, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and comparative studies involving subjects ≤ 18 years old and focusing on the prevalence of malocclusion and different orthodontic features were selected. Articles written in English, Dutch, French, German, Spanish, and Portuguese were included. Three authors independently assessed the eligibility, extracted the data from, and ascertained the quality of the studies. Since all of the included articles were non-randomized, the MINORS tool was used to score the risk of bias.
RESULTS
The initial electronic database search identified a total of 6775 articles. After the removal of duplicates, 4646 articles were screened using the title and abstract. A total of 415 full-text articles were assessed, and 123 articles were finally included for qualitative analysis. The range of prevalence of Angle Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion was very large, with a mean prevalence of 51.9% (SD 20.7), 23.8% (SD 14.6), and 6.5% (SD 6.5), respectively. As for the prevalence of overjet, reversed overjet, overbite, and open bite, no means were calculated due to the large variation in the definitions, measurements, methodologies, and cut-off points among the studies. The prevalence of anterior crossbite, posterior crossbite, and crossbite with functional shift were 7.8% (SD 6.5), 9.0% (SD 7.34), and 12.2% (SD 7.8), respectively. The prevalence of hypodontia and hyperdontia were reported to be 6.8% (SD 4.2) and 1.8% (SD 1.3), respectively. For impacted teeth, ectopic eruption, and transposition, means of 4.9% (SD 3.7), 5.4% (SD 3.8), and 0.5% (SD 0.5) were found, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
There is an urgent need to clearly define orthodontic features and malocclusion traits as well as to reach consensus on the protocols used to quantify them. The large variety in methodological approaches found in the literature makes the data regarding prevalence of malocclusion unreliable.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Orthodontics, Corrective; Overbite; Prevalence
PubMed: 35742703
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127446 -
European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry Dec 2021The cause-effect relationship between anterior open bite and atypical swallowing, two frequently associated conditions, is currently not completely understood. These...
AIM
The cause-effect relationship between anterior open bite and atypical swallowing, two frequently associated conditions, is currently not completely understood. These conditions are often accompanied by speech disorders and represent a problem for both young patients and untreated adult patients. Treatment of these complex cases may be orthodontic, logopedic therapy or both. The purpose of this review is to compare the various types of treatment to determine their effectiveness in improving skeletal condition, normalisation of muscle activity, and temporal stability.
METHODS
The present systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guidelines. In order to find the most appropriate articles for inclusion, an electronic and manual search was performed using PubMed and The Cochrane Library on May 23, 2021. No language restrictions or time limits were applied. Only human studies describing cases of patients in the developmental stage of dentition, i.e., deciduous dentition or mixed dentition with an anterior open bite related to a type of swallowing with tongue interposition between the arches, undergoing three different types of treatment (orthodontic only, myofunctional/logopedic only, combined) were included.
CONCLUSION
The most effective treatment in cases of anterior open bite associated with atypical swallowing is a combination of the traditional orthodontic therapy and myofunctional therapy. Further studies are needed to devise an effective and universal logopaedic protocol to be followed in these cases.
Topics: Deglutition; Humans; Malocclusion; Myofunctional Therapy; Open Bite; Speech Therapy
PubMed: 35034464
DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2021.22.04.5 -
Progress in Orthodontics Sep 2020The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the degree of stability of anterior open bite (AOB) treatment performed through the molar intrusion... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the degree of stability of anterior open bite (AOB) treatment performed through the molar intrusion supported with skeletal anchorage at least 1 year posttreatment.
METHODS
This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42016037513). A literature search was conducted to identify randomized (RCT) or non-randomized clinical trials based including those considering before and after design. Data sources were electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, Lilacs, OpenGrey, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov . The quality of evidence was assessed through the JBI tool and certainty of evidence was evaluated through the GRADE tool. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted when appropriate.
RESULTS
Six hundred twenty-four articles met the initial inclusion criteria. From these, only 6 remained. The mean posttreatment follow-up time was 2.5 years (SD = 1.04). The overbite showed a standardized mean relapse of - 1.23 mm (95% CI - 1.64, - 0.81, p < 0.0001). Maxillary and mandibular incisors presented a non-significant mean relapse, U1-PP - 0.04 mm (95% CI - 0.55, 0.48) and L1-MP - 0.10 mm (95% CI - 0.57, 0.37). Molar intrusion showed a relapse rate around 12% for the maxillary molars and a 27.2% for mandibular molars.
CONCLUSION
The stability of AOB through molar intrusion using TADs can be considered relatively similar to that reported to surgical approaches, since 10 to 30% of relapse occurs both in maxillary and mandibular molars. The level of certainty ranged between very low and low. RCTs reporting dropout during the follow-up are in dire need.
Topics: Cephalometry; Humans; Maxilla; Molar; Open Bite; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 32888097
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-020-00328-2 -
Progress in Orthodontics Jun 2023The etiology of open bite is complex, involving various genetic or environmental factors. Several treatment alternatives have been suggested for the correction of open... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The etiology of open bite is complex, involving various genetic or environmental factors. Several treatment alternatives have been suggested for the correction of open bite, yet their long-term effectiveness remains controversial.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the long-term effectiveness of open-bite treatment in treated with non-surgical approaches versus untreated patients, through lateral cephalometric radiographs.
SEARCH METHODS
Unrestricted search of 16 electronic databases and manual searches up to November 2022.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomized or non-randomized controlled trials reporting on the long-term effects of open-bite treatment through angular lateral cephalometric variables.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Only angular variables on lateral cephalometric radiographs were considered as primary outcomes. For each outcome, the mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the random-effects model to consider existing heterogeneity. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (R.o.B. 2.0) and the risk-of-bias tool for non-randomized studies for interventions (ROBINS-I) were utilized for the randomized and non-randomized trials, respectively.
RESULTS
From the initially identified 26,527 hits, only 6 studies (1 randomized and 5 retrospective controlled trials) were finally included in this systematic review reporting on 244 open-bite individuals (134 patients and 110 untreated controls), while five of them were included in the meta-analyses, assessing either the interval ranging from treatment start to post-retention (T3-T1) or from end of treatment to post-retention period (T3-T2). Regarding the vertical plane, for the T3-T2 interval, no significant differences were found for the assessed skeletal measurements, indicating a relative stability of the treatment results. Similarly, with regard to the T3-T1 interval, no significant differences could be identified for the examined skeletal variables, implying that the produced effects are rather minimal and that the correction of the open bite was performed mainly through dentoalveolar rather than skeletal changes. Further, no significant changes could be identified regarding the inclination of the upper and lower incisors. Only the nasolabial angle was significantly reduced in the treated patients in the long term.
CONCLUSIONS
According to existing evidence, the influence of non-surgical treatment of open bite on the skeletal tissues and the inclination of the incisors is rather minimal in the long term, while only the nasolabial angle was significantly reduced.
Topics: Humans; Open Bite; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Cephalometry; Incisor
PubMed: 37258750
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-023-00467-2 -
International Orthodontics Dec 2023The aim of this systematic review (Prospero CRD42022323188) is to investigate whether an association exists in patients with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) between...
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this systematic review (Prospero CRD42022323188) is to investigate whether an association exists in patients with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) between occlusal characteristics and genotype on the one hand and enamel structural phenotype on the other.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Reports up to May 2023 assessing occlusion of individuals with AI were browsed in a systematic search using Medline, Embase, ISI Web of Science, and the grey literature. Randomised control trials, case control studies, and case series specifying both occlusion, assessed by cephalometric or clinical analysis, and genotype or dental phenotype in patients with AI were included without any age limitation. Two authors independently selected the publications and extracted the data in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The risk of bias was assessed with the Critical Appraisal Checklists from the Johanna Briggs Institute.
RESULTS
Twenty-five articles were chosen from the 261 results. Most of the included publications were case series (n=22) and case control studies (n=3). Thirteen studies reported both a genotype (ENAM, FAM83H, FAM20A, DLX3, CNMM4, WDR72) and occlusal diagnostic. The methodological quality of the studies was moderate. All AI phenotypes showed an open bite (OB) rate around 35%, except mixed form. The other malocclusions were not often mentioned. No correlation between occlusal phenotype and genotype or AI phenotype could be identified in patients with AI, as most studies had short occlusal descriptions and small sample sizes.
CONCLUSION
OB malocclusions were more frequently reported in AI. This review highlighted the need for a more accurate description of orofacial features associated with AI, to better clarify the role of amelogenesis genes in the regulation of craniofacial morphogenesis and identify patients requiring orthognathic surgery at an early stage.
Topics: Humans; Amelogenesis Imperfecta; Genotype; Phenotype; Dental Enamel; Malocclusion; Open Bite; Proteins
PubMed: 37494776
DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2023.100789 -
Cureus Mar 2024The purpose of orthodontic therapy is to correct malocclusion and produce a stable outcome that endures over time. Long-term stability can be difficult to achieve, and... (Review)
Review
The purpose of orthodontic therapy is to correct malocclusion and produce a stable outcome that endures over time. Long-term stability can be difficult to achieve, and many patients relapse after treatment, particularly in instances of open bite relapse (OBR). This systematic review aimed to analyze different types of management strategies for OBR and conduct a meta-analysis to find the best method of dealing with relapse. A comprehensive search was carried out across six major online databases using relevant keywords pertaining to our study, including "open bite relapse," "orthodontic retention," "orthodontic surgery," "orthodontic appliance," "orthodontic management," "orthodontic treatment," "orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT)," "skeletal anchorage," and "treatment follow-up period." Eleven studies were selected after the application of relevant inclusion and exclusion strategies. The mean follow-up period of treatment for the studies ranged from six months to 4.5 years. Of all the management strategies assessed, OMT was found to be the least effective for OBR management. Surgical management modalities, such as mandibular repositioning and molar intrusion using skeletal anchorage, in conjunction with the usage of orthodontic appliances, were found to be noticeably effective, especially in the cases of participants who were <18 years of age. However, when utilized on a singular basis, either of them was found to be lacking the desired effect. The overall odds ratio (OR) of 0.48 (0.37, 0.64) and risk ratio (RR) of 0.62 (0.51, 0.74) were obtained after the meta-analysis of the different interventions for OBR, indicating statistical significance. There were only 11 studies included in the study, so it's possible that not all management strategies for OBR were fully understood. The limited number of studies may also have affected the generalizability of the findings. Although statistical differences were obtained to a certain degree, more clinical trials are needed to assess the effect of such surgical modalities as a viable management tool for OBR, since these represent a significant limiting factor in terms of the overall cost of the treatment placed upon the patient. Prior to the start of the research, registration was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. The research protocol was created to meet the goals and was properly filed with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42023401991).
PubMed: 38623106
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56285 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2021Rett Syndrome is an x linked developmental disorder which becomes apparent in females after 6 to 18 months of age. It leads to severe impairments including loss of... (Review)
Review
Rett Syndrome is an x linked developmental disorder which becomes apparent in females after 6 to 18 months of age. It leads to severe impairments including loss of speech, loss of hand movements/manual dexterity, characteristic hand movements such as hang wringing and intellectual disability/learning problems. This systematic review was carried out to identify the dental manifestation of Rett syndrome and to shed light on treatment options available for oral health problems associated with Rett syndrome. A systematic literature search was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus, Biomed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholars, Cochrane and CINAHL using the following entries: Rett syndrome ( = 3790), Oral health and Rett syndrome ( = 17), dental health of Rett syndrome patients ( = 13), and the MeSH terms listed below: Rett syndrome and Oral Health ( = 17), Rett syndrome and dentistry ( = 29). The final review included 22 search articles. The most common oral findings was bruxism. Masseteric hypertrophy was also reported. Anterior open bite and non-physiological tooth wear was observed. Other oral manifestations of Rett syndrome included mouth breathing, tongue thrusting, digit/thumb sucking, high arch palate. Increased awareness and dental education amongst dentists and assistants regarding the dental manifestations of Rett syndrome and similar neurodevelopmental disorders is required to improve the level of care and empathy they can provide to these differently able patients. Research on dental aspects of Rett is scarce and this remains a neglected topic.
Topics: Bruxism; Female; Hand; Humans; Rett Syndrome; Speech
PubMed: 33525609
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031162 -
Prevalence of anterior open bite in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European Archives of Paediatric... Jun 2022Anterior open bite is defined by the lack of incisal contact between the teeth in centric relation. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anterior... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
Anterior open bite is defined by the lack of incisal contact between the teeth in centric relation. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anterior open in children and adolescents.
METHODS
This systematic review included a search in the databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. The acronym PECOS was considered: (P) children and adolescents, (E) presence of anterior open bite, (C) not applicable, (O) prevalence, and (S) observational studies. The risk of bias assessment was carried out using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. The prevalence meta-analyses were performed using MedCalc software. The certainty of the evidence was determined with the GRADE approach.
RESULTS
26 studies were included. Eleven studies were judged at low, seven at moderate, and eight at high risk of bias. The overall prevalence of anterior open bite was 16.52% (95% CI 12.34-21.17) in children and adolescents. The prevalence was 19.38% (95% CI 13.77-25.69) in South America. The prevalence of anterior open bite was 22.67% (95% CI 16.56-29.43) among females and 16.99% (95% CI 11.77-22.94) among males. The prevalence of anterior open bite was 18.84% (95% CI 13.88-24.38) in the primary dentition, and 14.26% (95% CI 7.67-22.46) in the mixed dentition. The overall certainty of the evidence was very low.
CONCLUSION
The overall prevalence of anterior open bite was 16.52% in children and adolescents aged 2-16 years. Giving the limitations of a prevalence meta-analysis, the extrapolation of the results should be cautious.
REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42020183162, 10 July 2020.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Dentition, Mixed; Female; Humans; Male; Open Bite; Prevalence
PubMed: 34767190
DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00683-6 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2023Individuals with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) often present with malocclusions, especially a dental or skeletal anterior open bite (AOB). (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Individuals with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) often present with malocclusions, especially a dental or skeletal anterior open bite (AOB).
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the craniofacial characteristics in individuals with AI.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted with the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Google Scholar databases to identify studies relating to the cephalometric characteristics of individuals with AI, without any language or publication date restrictions. The grey literature was searched using Google Scholar, Opengrey and Worldcat. Only studies with a suitable control group for comparison were included. Data extraction and a risk of bias assessment were carried out. A meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model for cephalometric variables that were evaluated in at least three studies.
RESULTS
The initial literature search yielded 1857 articles. Following the removal of duplicates and a screening of the records, seven articles were included in the qualitative synthesis, representing a total of 242 individuals with AI. Four studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. The meta-analysis results showed that individuals with AI present a smaller SNB angle and larger ANB angle than those of control groups in the sagittal plane. In the vertical plane, those with AI present a smaller overbite and larger intermaxillary angle than those without AI. No statistically significant differences were found for the SNA angle when comparing the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Individuals with AI seem to present with more vertical craniofacial growth, leading to an increased intermaxillary angle and decreased overbite. This possibly leads to a more retrognathic mandible with a larger ANB angle due to an anticipated posterior mandibular rotation.
PubMed: 37298021
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113826 -
Community Dentistry and Oral... Dec 2020We sought to revise, qualify and summarize the body of evidence based on current information on the known associations and risk factors for traumatic dental injury (TDI)... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
We sought to revise, qualify and summarize the body of evidence based on current information on the known associations and risk factors for traumatic dental injury (TDI) occurrence with an overview of systematic reviews.
METHODS
Electronic searches were performed with no language nor date restrictions.According to the PECO strategy, systematic reviews that investigated participants (P) with (E) and without (O) the presentation of factors relating to TDI and these factors' association with TDI episodes (O) as primary or secondary outcomes were included. Quality assessment and bias control were carried out according to the AMSTAR 2 checklist. In cases of systematic review results of discordance, the Jadad decision algorithm was applied.
RESULTS
After titles, abstracts and full texts were read, 19 systematic reviews were included in this overview. Four were classified with critically low, eleven with low and four with moderate methodological quality, respectively. In all studies, 249 cross-sectional, 34 epidemiological surveys, 22 cohort, 9 case-control, 4 longitudinal, 3 ecological and 30 unspecified studies were included. Male gender, child age, greater overjet, inadequate lip coverage, anterior open bite, caries in the permanent dentition, overweight, a previous history of TDI, tongue piercing, the use of alcoholic beverages and participation in sports were all associated with a greater chance of suffering TDI.
CONCLUSIONS
Sociodemographic, clinical and environmental factors are associated with a greater chance of TDI occurrence. However, most of the systematic reviews included were of a low quality and may not provide an accurate and comprehensive summary of the available research that addresses the question of interest. Well-designed primary studies on different aspects of TDI are encouraged to provide higher quality scientific evidence.
Topics: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dentition, Permanent; Humans; Male; Overbite; Risk Factors; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Tooth Injuries
PubMed: 32893395
DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12574