-
Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory... 2023The readmission rate following hospitalization for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is surprisingly high, and frequent readmissions represent a higher risk... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
All-cause readmission rate and risk factors of 30- and 90-day after discharge in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
The readmission rate following hospitalization for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is surprisingly high, and frequent readmissions represent a higher risk of mortality and a heavy economic burden. However, information on all-cause readmissions in patients with COPD is limited.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to systematically summarize all-cause COPD readmission rates within 30 and 90 days after discharge and their underlying risk factors.
METHODS
Eight electronic databases were searched to identify relevant observational studies about COPD readmission from inception to 1 August 2022. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for methodological quality assessment. We adopt a random effects model or a fixed effects model to estimate pooled all-cause COPD readmission rates and potential risk factors.
RESULTS
A total of 28 studies were included, of which 27 and 8 studies summarized 30- and 90-day all-cause readmissions, respectively. The pooled all-cause COPD readmission rates within 30 and 90 days were 18% and 31%, respectively. The World Health Organization region was initially considered to be the source of heterogeneity. We identified alcohol use, discharge destination, two or more hospitalizations in the previous year, and comorbidities such as heart failure, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, anemia, cancer, or tumor as potential risk factors for all-cause readmission, whereas female and obesity were protective factors.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with COPD had a high all-cause readmission rate, and we also identified some potential risk factors. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen early follow-up and targeted interventions, and adjust or avoid risk factors after discharge, so as to reduce the major health economic burden caused by frequent readmissions.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (no. CRD42022369894).
Topics: Female; Humans; Patient Discharge; Patient Readmission; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Male
PubMed: 37822218
DOI: 10.1177/17534666231202742 -
World Journal of Urology Aug 2023To systematically review studies focused on the feasibility and outcomes of outpatient endoscopic enucleation of the prostate for benign prostatic obstruction. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
To systematically review studies focused on the feasibility and outcomes of outpatient endoscopic enucleation of the prostate for benign prostatic obstruction.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted through December 2022 using PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to identify eligible studies. Risk of bias assessment was performed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for case control studies.
RESULTS
Of 773 studies, ten were included in the systematic review (n = 1942 patients) and four in the meta-analysis (n = 1228 patients). The pooled incidence of successful same-day discharge was 84% (95% CI 0.72-0.91). Unplanned readmission was recorded in 3% (95% CI 0.02-0.06) of ambulatory cases. In the reported criteria-selected patients submitted to SDD surgery, the forest plot suggested a lower rate of postoperative readmission (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34-0.91, p = 0.02) and complications (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.48-1, p < 0.05) rates compared to standard protocols.
CONCLUSION
We provide the first systematic review and meta-analysis on SDD for endoscopic prostate enucleation. Despite the lack of randomized controlled trials, we confirm the feasibility and safety of the protocol with no increase in complications or readmission rate in well-selected patients.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Patient Discharge; Treatment Outcome; Transurethral Resection of Prostate
PubMed: 37395755
DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04471-3 -
Research in Social & Administrative... May 2020One of the strategies to promote patient safety in care transitions is medication reconciliation (MR), which is conducted by the pharmacist at the patient's discharge... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
One of the strategies to promote patient safety in care transitions is medication reconciliation (MR), which is conducted by the pharmacist at the patient's discharge from hospital. However, there are divergences about this process and about the pharmacist's role in conducting such intervention.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the literature that reports the MR process led by pharmacists at patient discharge and map the different methods, strategies and tools used in the process.
METHODS
Relevant studies were searched in the following databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE (PubMed), The Cochrane Library, and LILACS. No language restriction or publication date was applied. The studies considered eligible were those involving and describing pharmacist-led MR processes at acute patient discharge from hospital, with an experimental, quasi-experimental, or observational design. The characteristics of the studies and the MR processes were identified and then a qualitative synthesis was performed.
RESULTS
Fifty studies were included. The majority of them were observational ones (82%), and the main outcome was medication discrepancies (42%). The studies were mostly conducted in university hospitals (70%) and in internal medicine wards (54%). Pharmacists were responsible mainly for gathering medication histories (72%), and identifying (96%) and solving (98%) pharmacotherapeutic problems. The main sources of information on pre-admission medications were patient/caregiver interviews (66%) and records from other care providers (40%). Only 30% of the studies described a patient discharge plan, and 14% shared information of the patient's pharmacotherapy with community pharmacists.
CONCLUSION
The concept of MR and the pharmacist-led activities in the process varied in the literature, as well as the pharmacotherapy assessment focus and the communication strategies towards patients and other care providers, showing that standardization of the process and concepts is necessary.
Topics: Hospitals; Humans; Medication Reconciliation; Patient Discharge; Patient Transfer; Pharmacists; Pharmacy Service, Hospital
PubMed: 31395445
DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.08.001 -
Clinical Otolaryngology : Official... Sep 2022Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common indication for adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy in children. Traditional practice involves overnight admission to monitor for... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common indication for adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy in children. Traditional practice involves overnight admission to monitor for respiratory complications. However, there is a shift towards same-day discharge in selected patients. This systematic review aims to critically evaluate day-case criteria and safety in children with OSA undergoing adenotonsillectomy.
DESIGN
We performed a systematic search of EMBASE, Medline and the Cochrane library. All data collected were independently validated for accuracy. Quality assessment of included articles was performed. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO.
RESULTS
A total of 15 studies were included (10 731 patients). There was heterogeneity in methods used to ascertain OSA, day-case discharge criteria and lack of prospective discharge protocol. The proportion of children considered for planned day-case surgery ranged from 28.7%-100% based on individual criteria, with an average rate of successful same-day discharge of 96.1% in these patients. The reported rates of post-operative respiratory adverse events and need for airway intervention were 0%-27.3% and 0.4%-6.8%, respectively. There was no reported mortality. The studies were considered low to medium on quality assessment.
CONCLUSION
There is a lack of prospective data on day-case criteria and systematic assessment of post-operative complications in children with OSA undergoing adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy. However, current literature suggests that day-case surgery is safe in carefully selected patients. Better characterisation of patient-specific risk factors is needed to develop an optimal criteria-based timeline for safe discharge. This has the potential to improve confidence and uptake across units.
Topics: Adenoidectomy; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Child; Humans; Patient Discharge; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Tonsillectomy
PubMed: 35603525
DOI: 10.1111/coa.13946 -
Journal of General Internal Medicine May 2020Interhospital fragmentation of care occurs when patients are admitted to different, disconnected hospitals. It has been hypothesized that this type of care fragmentation... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Interhospital fragmentation of care occurs when patients are admitted to different, disconnected hospitals. It has been hypothesized that this type of care fragmentation decreases the quality of care received and increases hospital costs and healthcare utilization. This systematic review aims to synthesize the existing literature exploring the association between interhospital fragmentation of care and patient outcomes.
METHODS
MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and the Science Citation Index were systematically searched for studies published up to April 30, 2018 reporting the association between interhospital fragmentation of care and patient outcomes. We included peer-reviewed observational studies conducted in adults that reported measures of association between interhospital care fragmentation and one or more of the following patient outcomes: mortality, hospital length of stay, cost, and subsequent hospital readmission.
RESULTS
Seventy-nine full texts were reviewed and 22 met inclusion criteria. Nearly all studies defined fragmentation of care as a readmission to a different hospital than the patient was previously discharged from. The strongest association reported was that between a fragmented readmission and in-hospital or short-term mortality (adjusted odds ratio range 0.95-3.62). Over half of the studies reporting length-of-stay showed longer length of stay in fragmented readmissions. All three studies that investigated healthcare utilization suggested an association between fragmented care and odds of subsequent readmission. The study populations and exposures were too heterogenous to perform a meta-analysis.
DISCUSSION
Our review suggests that fragmented hospital readmissions contribute to increased mortality, longer length-of-stay, and increased risk of readmission to the hospital.
Topics: Adult; Hospital Mortality; Hospitalization; Humans; Length of Stay; Patient Discharge; Patient Readmission
PubMed: 31625038
DOI: 10.1007/s11606-019-05366-z -
International Journal For Quality in... Dec 2023Although patient centredness is part of providing high-quality health care, little is known about the effectiveness of care transition interventions that involve... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Although patient centredness is part of providing high-quality health care, little is known about the effectiveness of care transition interventions that involve patients and their families on readmissions to the hospital or emergency visits post-discharge. This systematic review (SR) aimed to examine the evidence on patient- and family-centred (PFC) care transition interventions and evaluate their effectiveness on adults' hospital readmissions and emergency department (ED) visits after discharge. Searches of Medline, CINAHL, and Embase databases were conducted from the earliest available online year of indexing up to and including 14 March 2021. The studies included: (i) were about care transitions (hospital to home) of ≥18-year-old patients; (ii) had components of patient-centred care and care transition frameworks; (iii) reported on one or more outcomes were among hospital readmissions and ED visits after discharge; and (iv) were cluster-, pilot- or randomized-controlled trials published in English or French. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were completed by two independent reviewers. A narrative synthesis was performed, and pooled odd ratios, standardized mean differences, and mean differences were calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis. Of the 10,021 citations screened, 50 trials were included in the SR and 44 were included in the meta-analyses. Care transition intervention types included health assessment, symptom and disease management, medication reconciliation, discharge planning, risk management, complication detection, and emotional support. Results showed that PFC care transition interventions significantly reduced the risk of hospital readmission rates compared to usual care [incident rate ratio (IRR), 0.86; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.75-0.98; I2 = 73%] regardless of time elapsed since discharge. However, these same interventions had minimal impact on the risk of ED visit rates compared to usual care group regardless of time passed after discharge (IRR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.85-1.18; I2 = 29%). PFC care transition interventions containing a greater number of patient-centred care (IRR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.94; I2 = 59%) and care transition components (IRR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.64-0.91; I2 = 4%) significantly decreased the risk of patients being readmitted. However, these interventions did not significantly increase the risk of patients visiting the ED after discharge (IRR, 1.54; CI 95%, 0.91-2.61). Future interventions should focus on patients' and families' values, beliefs, needs, preferences, race, age, gender, and social determinants of health to improve the quality of adults' care transitions.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Patient Transfer; Patient Discharge; Aftercare; Patient Readmission; Hospitals
PubMed: 38147502
DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzad102 -
Current Problems in Cardiology Oct 2022With the growing utilization of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) as an alternative option to surgical valve replacement (SAVR) in patients considered to be... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
With the growing utilization of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) as an alternative option to surgical valve replacement (SAVR) in patients considered to be suboptimal for surgery, there is a need to explore the possibility of next day discharge (NDD) and its potential outcomes. The aim of our study is to compare outcomes and complications following NDD vs the standard early discharge (ED) (less than 3 days). A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane to identify relevant trials. Summary effects were calculated using a DerSimonian and Laird random effects model as odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals for all the clinical endpoints. Studies comparing same-day or next-day discharge vs discharge within the next three days were included in our analysis. 6 studies with 2,672 patients were identified. The risk of bleeding and vascular complications was significantly lower in patients with NDD compared to ED (OR 0.10, P < 0.00001 and OR 0.22, P = 0.002 respectively). The incidence of permanent pacemaker (PPM) implants was significantly lower in patients who had NDD compared to ED (OR 0.21, P = 0.0005). The incidence of 30 day mortality, stroke, AKI and readmission rates was not different between the two groups. NDD after TAVR allows for reduction in hospital stay and can mitigate hospital costs without an increased risk of complications. Our analysis shows that complication rate is comparable to ED, NDD is a reasonable option for certain patients with severe aortic stenosis who undergo TAVR. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether higher risk patients who would benefit from an extended inpatient monitoring post TAVR.
Topics: Aortic Valve; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Humans; Patient Discharge; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34571105
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.100998 -
Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica =... 2022To characterize the frequency, causes, and predictors of readmissions of COVID-19 patients after discharge from heath facilities or emergency departments, interventions... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To characterize the frequency, causes, and predictors of readmissions of COVID-19 patients after discharge from heath facilities or emergency departments, interventions used to reduce readmissions, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients discharged from such settings.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review for case series and observational studies published between January 2020 and April 2021 in PubMed, Embase, LILACS, and MedRxiv, reporting the frequency, causes, or risk factors for readmission of COVID-19 survivors/patients. We conducted a narrative synthesis and assessed the methodological quality using the JBI critical appraisal checklist.
RESULTS
We identified 44 studies including data from 10 countries. The overall 30-day median readmission rate was 7.1%. Readmissions varied with the length of follow-up, occurring <10.5%, <14.5%, <21.5%, and <30%, respectively, for 10, 30, 60, and 253 days following discharge. Among those followed up for 30 and 60 days, the median time from discharge to readmission was 3 days and 8-11 days, respectively. The significant risk factor associated with readmission was having shorter length of stay, and the important causes included respiratory or thromboembolic events and chronic illnesses. Emergency department re-presentation was >20% in four studies. Risk factors associated with mortality were male gender, advanced age, and comorbidities.
CONCLUSIONS
Readmission of COVID-19 survivors is frequent, and post-discharge mortality is significant in specific populations. There is an urgent need to further examine underlying reasons for early readmission and to prevent additional readmissions and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 survivors.
PubMed: 36245904
DOI: 10.26633/RPSP.2022.142 -
Intensive Care Medicine Apr 2020Sepsis survivors have a higher risk of rehospitalisation and of long-term mortality. We assessed the rate, diagnosis, and independent predictors for rehospitalisation in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
Sepsis survivors have a higher risk of rehospitalisation and of long-term mortality. We assessed the rate, diagnosis, and independent predictors for rehospitalisation in adult sepsis survivors.
METHODS
We searched for non-randomized studies and randomized clinical trials in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE (OVID interface, 1992-October 2019). The search strategy used controlled vocabulary terms and text words for sepsis and hospital readmission, limited to humans, and English language. Two authors independently selected studies and extracted data using predefined criteria and data extraction forms.
RESULTS
The literature search identified 12,544 records. Among 56 studies (36 full and 20 conference abstracts) that met our inclusion criteria, all were non-randomised studies. Studies most often report 30-day rehospitalisation rate (mean 21.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 17.6-25.4%; N = 36 studies reporting 6,729,617 patients). The mean (95%CI) rehospitalisation rates increased from 9.3% (8.3-10.3%) by 7 days to 39.0% (22.0-59.4%) by 365 days. Infection was the most common rehospitalisation diagnosis. Risk factors that increased the rehospitalisation risk in sepsis survivors were generic characteristics such as older age, male, comorbidities, non-elective admissions, hospitalisation prior to index sepsis admission, and sepsis characteristics such as infection and illness severity, with hospital characteristics showing inconsistent associations. The overall certainty of evidence was moderate for rehospitalisation rates and low for risk factors.
CONCLUSIONS
Rehospitalisation events are common in sepsis survivors, with one in five rehospitalisation events occurring within 30 days of hospital discharge following an index sepsis admission. The generic and sepsis-specific characteristics at index sepsis admission are commonly reported risk factors for rehospitalisation.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD 42016039257, registered on 14-06-2016.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Humans; Male; Patient Discharge; Patient Readmission; Risk Factors; Sepsis; Survivors
PubMed: 31974919
DOI: 10.1007/s00134-019-05908-3 -
Safety and efficacy of outpatient hip and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma... Aug 2022This systematic review aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of outpatient joint arthroplasty (OJA) pathways compared to inpatient pathways. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
This systematic review aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of outpatient joint arthroplasty (OJA) pathways compared to inpatient pathways.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic literature search was conducted to identify eligible studies. Studies comparing OJA with inpatient pathways-following hip and/or (partial) knee arthroplasty-were included. Included studies were assigned-based on OJA definition-to one of the following two groups: (1) outpatient surgery (OS); outpatient defined as discharge on the same day as surgery; and (2) semi-outpatient surgery (SOS); outpatient defined as discharge within 24 h after surgery with or without an overnight stay. Methodological quality was assessed. Outcomes included (serious) adverse events ((S)AEs), readmissions, successful same-day discharge rates, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and costs. Meta-analyses and subgroup analyses by type of arthroplasty were performed when deemed appropriate.
RESULTS
A total of 41 studies (OS = 26, SOS = 15) met the inclusion criteria. One RCT and 40 observational studies were included, with an overall risk-of-bias of moderate to high. Forty studies were included in the meta-analysis. Outpatients (both OS and SOS) were younger and had a lower BMI and ASA class compared to inpatients. Overall, no significant differences between outpatients and inpatients were found for overall complications and readmission rates, and improvement in PROMs. By type of arthroplasty, only THAs in OS pathways were associated with fewer AEs [OR = 0.55 (0.41-0.74)] compared to inpatient pathways. 92% of OS patients were discharged on the day of surgery. OJA resulted in an average cost reduction of $6.797,02.
CONCLUSION
OJA pathways are as safe and effective as inpatient pathways in selected populations, with a potential reduction of costs. Considerable risk of bias in the majority of studies emphasizes the need for further research.
Topics: Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Humans; Outpatients; Patient Discharge; Patient Readmission; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33587170
DOI: 10.1007/s00402-021-03811-5