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Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society 2020To evaluate the methods of the dental shade selection and provide a summary of different factors affecting the shade selection. (Review)
Review
AIM
To evaluate the methods of the dental shade selection and provide a summary of different factors affecting the shade selection.
DESIGN AND SETTING
The systematic review and meta-analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The electronic search of the peer-review articles between 2002 and 2018 was carried out the by using the PRISMA guidelines. A total twenty-one studies related to the visual shade methods, instrumental shade methods, and the factors affecting the shade selections was evaluated. The search strategy was based on the PICOS framework.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
There was statistically significant heterogeneity (Q = 1038.1518, df = 20, and < 0.0001). The statistics of fixed-effect model reported an MD of - 0.0970 (95% CI = -0.1391, -0.0549). The random-effect model reported an MD of - 0.0862 (95% CI = -0.5866, 0.4142).
RESULT
The review evaluated the 21 studies of tooth colour science that met with the inclusion criteria and search criteria. The meta-analysis of the 21 combined studies reported acceptable homogeneity (i = 98%) which indicates a statistically significant difference between the treatment and control groups.
CONCLUSION
The VES spectrophotometer reported the highest accuracy, reliability, and repeatability in shade selection followed by photo colorimetric method. The Vita 3D master shows more consistent results in repetitive shade selection. Knowledge and training of the shade selection protocol are necessary for proper shade matching.
PubMed: 32655217
DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_399_19 -
Journal of Evidence-based Social Work... 2021: In determining whether peer support interventions are effective, an examination of the measures used to assess outcomes is essential. Prior reviews often do not...
: In determining whether peer support interventions are effective, an examination of the measures used to assess outcomes is essential. Prior reviews often do not account for validly and reliability of measures used in studies, which may lead to conflicting conclusions. : Explicit criteria to identify articles of psychosocial based outcomes in peer support services was used. Outcome measures were categorized along broad dimensions, examined for validity and reliability and reviewed for major findings. : Thirteen domains of psychosocial based outcomes emerged. Most domains had at least one outcome measure that was valid and reliable. Articles that included valid and reliable outcomes suggests peer support services may be associated with multiple domains. : From an examination of the validity and reliability of measures used to evaluate peer support services, a stronger evidence base for services is established. Future directions for both social work research and practice are identified.
Topics: Counseling; Humans; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 32893743
DOI: 10.1080/26408066.2020.1805385 -
BMC Health Services Research Mar 2022People with chronic conditions experience functional impairment, lower quality of life, and greater economic hardship and poverty. Social isolation and loneliness are...
BACKGROUND
People with chronic conditions experience functional impairment, lower quality of life, and greater economic hardship and poverty. Social isolation and loneliness are common for people with chronic conditions, with multiple co-occurring chronic conditions predicting an increased risk of loneliness. Peer support is a socially driven intervention involving people with lived experience of a condition helping others to manage the same condition, potentially offering a sense of connectedness and purpose, and experiential knowledge to manage disease. However, it is unclear what outcomes are important to patients across the spectrum of chronic conditions, what works and for whom. The aims of this review were to (1) collate peer support intervention components, (2) collate the outcome domains used to evaluate peer support, (3) synthesise evidence of effectiveness, and (4) identify the mechanisms of effect, for people with chronic conditions.
METHODS
A systematic review of reviews was conducted. Reviews were included if they reported on formal peer support between adults or children with one or more chronic condition. Data were analysed using narrative synthesis.
RESULTS
The search identified 6222 unique publications. Thirty-one publications were eligible for inclusion. Components of peer support were organised into nine categories: social support, psychological support, practical support, empowerment, condition monitoring and treatment adherence, informational support, behavioural change, encouragement and motivation, and physical training. Fifty-five outcome domains were identified. Quality of life, and self-efficacy were the most measured outcome domains identified. Most reviews reported positive but non-significant effects.
CONCLUSIONS
The effectiveness of peer support is unclear and there are inconsistencies in how peers are defined, a lack of clarity in research design and intervention reporting, and widely variable outcome measurement. This review presents a range of components of peer support interventions that may be of interest to clinicians developing new support programmes. However, it is unclear precisely what components to use and with whom. Therefore, implementation of support in different clinical settings may benefit from participatory action research so that services may reflect local need.
Topics: Adult; Child; Counseling; Exercise; Humans; Peer Group; Quality of Life; Social Support
PubMed: 35361215
DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07816-7 -
The Journal of Urology Jan 2023Urolithiasis can be a painful condition associated with significant individual and health care burdens. Several studies have shown that anxiety and depression, termed... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
Urolithiasis can be a painful condition associated with significant individual and health care burdens. Several studies have shown that anxiety and depression, termed psychological distress, may be associated with urolithiasis. However, there is little consensus on this relationship. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between urolithiasis and psychological distress and examined rates of psychological distress in this population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We searched online databases including MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase (via Ovid), Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library with predefined search criteria up to March 2022 utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses. Forty-nine peer-reviewed publications were included in this review. We performed a narrative synthesis on included studies, and a random-effects meta-analysis to obtain a single summary estimate for the relationship between urolithiasis and anxiety.
RESULTS
Narrative synthesis found evidence for a relationship between urolithiasis and psychological distress, both anxiety and depression. Meta-analysis of 7 studies found a moderate pooled association between urolithiasis and state anxiety. Additionally, higher proportions of urolithiasis patients experienced psychological distress compared to nonurolithiasis samples across studies. Our findings are limited by the observed heterogeneity in assessment protocols within the data set.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest a moderate but significant association between anxiety and urolithiasis, as well as a greater than expected number of urolithiasis patients experiencing psychological distress. More high-quality research studies are required to better understand factors that may influence the relationship between urolithiasis and psychological distress.
Topics: Humans; Peer Review; Psychological Distress
PubMed: 36251416
DOI: 10.1097/JU.0000000000003032 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is the predominant causes for the poor prognosis of ischemic stroke patients after reperfusion therapy. Currently, potent... (Review)
Review
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is the predominant causes for the poor prognosis of ischemic stroke patients after reperfusion therapy. Currently, potent therapeutic interventions for cerebral I/R injury are still very limited. Melatonin, an endogenous hormone, was found to be valid in preventing I/R injury in a variety of organs. However, a systematic review covering all neuroprotective effects of melatonin in cerebral I/R injury has not been reported yet. Thus, we perform a comprehensive overview of the influence of melatonin on cerebral I/R injury by collecting all available literature exploring the latent effect of melatonin on cerebral I/R injury as well as ischemic stroke. In this systematic review, we outline the extensive scientific studies and summarize the beneficial functions of melatonin, including reducing infarct volume, decreasing brain edema, improving neurological functions and attenuating blood-brain barrier breakdown, as well as its key protective mechanisms on almost every aspect of cerebral I/R injury, including inhibiting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, excessive autophagy, glutamate excitotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction. Subsequently, we also review the predictive and therapeutic implications of melatonin on ischemic stroke reported in clinical studies. We hope that our systematic review can provide the most comprehensive introduction of current advancements on melatonin in cerebral I/R injury and new insights into personalized diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke.
PubMed: 38375039
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1356112 -
Patient Education and Counseling Sep 2023Children and adolescents are highly affected by their parents` cancer disease. This review aims to summarize peer-group interventions for children and adolescents of... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Children and adolescents are highly affected by their parents` cancer disease. This review aims to summarize peer-group interventions for children and adolescents of cancer patients, where those affected have the opportunity to exchange and normalize their feelings among equals.
METHODS
A systematic review searching four different databases (MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL and Web of Science) was conducted. We included studies investigating psychosocial peer-group interventions for offspring of cancer patients. A narrative synthesis summarised the characteristics of the interventions and the findings on effects and evaluation.
RESULTS
Ten articles on seven different peer-group interventions were analysed. Research designs and intervention concepts were heterogeneous. Overall, high acceptance, feasibility and positive effects of peer-group support were reported. Significant effects were found in six studies, e.g. in relation to psychological well-being, quality of life and coping skills.
CONCLUSION
Peer-group interventions are an accepted and helpful form of support. Providing children and adolescents of cancer patients for example with psychoeducation, community and coping strategies, thereby impacting on psychological well-being.
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
For comprehensive care, it seems to be important to offer support throughout the parent's cancer journey and to offer support flexibly as needed through group services as well as individual sessions.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Quality of Life; Parents; Emotions; Adaptation, Psychological; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37331281
DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107844 -
BMC Psychiatry Jun 2021Peer support is being integrated within mental health services to further the development of a recovery approach. However, the most effective models and formats of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Peer support is being integrated within mental health services to further the development of a recovery approach. However, the most effective models and formats of intervention delivery are unknown. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of peer support for improving outcomes for people with lived experience of mental health conditions, when delivered as group interventions.
METHODS
Studies reporting randomised controlled trials of group peer support interventions for people experiencing mental health conditions were identified by searching MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL, from inception until July 12th 2019 and undertaking supplementary searches. Included studies were assessed for risk of bias and meta-analyses were conducted if three or more trials provided usable data.
RESULTS
Eight trials met eligibility criteria, providing data from 2131 participants. Six trials had either high or unclear risk of bias. Interventions were categorised as mutual support groups, or peer support groups, sub-categorised as anti-stigma or self-management interventions. Meta-analyses were only possible for peer support groups and five outcomes. We found evidence that group peer support may make small improvements to overall recovery but not hope or empowerment individually, or to clinical symptoms. Evidence for effectiveness for outcomes which could not be meta-analysed was mixed.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings from the few eligible trials suggest group peer support interventions may be specifically effective for supporting personal recovery and have a limited impact on other outcomes, though there were some risks of bias to study findings. Interventions were heterogeneous and most social outcomes were absent in the literature, highlighting further limitations to the current evidence-base. There is insufficient evidence available from trials of group peer support torecommend the routine implementation of these interventions across mainstream mental health services at present. More high-quality trials of peer-developed, group peer support interventions are needed in order tomake firm conclusions about intervention effectiveness.
Topics: Counseling; Humans; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Mental Health Services; Peer Group
PubMed: 34162340
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03321-z -
JMIR Aging Jul 2022Parkinson disease (PD) significantly impacts the lives of people with the diagnosis and their families. In addition to the physical symptoms, living with PD also has an... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Parkinson disease (PD) significantly impacts the lives of people with the diagnosis and their families. In addition to the physical symptoms, living with PD also has an emotional impact. This can result in withdrawal from social roles, increasing the risk for social isolation and loneliness. Peer support is a way to stay socially connected, share experiences, and learn new coping skills. Peer support can be provided both in person and on the internet. Some of the advantages of online peer support are that it overcomes geographical barriers and provides a form of anonymity; moreover, support can be readily available when needed. However, the psychosocial impact of PD is still underresearched, and there is no systematic synthesis of online peer support for people with PD.
OBJECTIVE
This review aims to explore the benefits and challenges of online peer support and identify successful elements of online peer support for people with PD.
METHODS
The method selected for this systematic review is narrative synthesis. A total of 6 databases were systematically searched in April 2020 for articles published between 1989 and 2020. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative research checklist and the Downs and Black quality checklist.
RESULTS
A total of 10,987 unique articles were identified through a systematic database search. Of these 10,987 articles, 8 (0.07%) were included in this review. Of the 8 studies, 5 (63%) were of good or high quality, 2 (25%) were of medium or fair quality, and 1 (13%) study was of poor quality. Web-based platforms included discussion forums, a web-based virtual world, and Facebook groups. Most papers reported on text-based communication. The included studies reported on sharing social support and personal experiences. Successful elements included increasing similarity between members and offering the opportunity to directly ask questions to a physician. Challenges included members leaving without a warning and PD symptoms hindering the use of technology.
CONCLUSIONS
Peer support can improve social support and help people with PD in living meaningful and satisfying lives. Peer support is unique and cannot be replaced by family members, friends, or health care professionals. Online peer support can be a solution for those who do not have access to an in-person support group or whose PD symptoms restrict them from travelling. However, research on the personal experiences of those who engage in online peer support and potential barriers in accessing it remains limited. Future research could use qualitative methods to explore these fields further.
PubMed: 35896025
DOI: 10.2196/35425 -
British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen... Mar 2022The aim of this scoping review was to summarise the current evidence for peer-to-peer support and its impact on quality of life (QoL) in head and neck cancer (HNC).
BACKGROUND/AIM
The aim of this scoping review was to summarise the current evidence for peer-to-peer support and its impact on quality of life (QoL) in head and neck cancer (HNC).
METHODS
Five search engines were used-PubMed, CINAHL, APA PyscInfo, Web of Science and HaNDLE-on-QoL-to look for publications between 1981 and 2020. Adapted PICO (population, intervention, comparator and outcome) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) methodology was used.
RESULTS
Of the 1408 papers identified, 10 met the inclusion criteria: five qualitative, two cross-sectional, one case-control, one cohort and one quasi-experimental design. There were four common themes: patient experience of peer-to-peer support, delivery of peer-to-peer support, engagement with peer-to-peer support and impact on QoL.
CONCLUSION
This review highlights the paucity of evidence with regard to QoL and peer-to-peer support in HNC. It provides a summary of the literature and identifies considerations for clinical practice and future research.
Topics: Counseling; Cross-Sectional Studies; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Quality of Life; Research Design
PubMed: 35271361
DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2022.31.5.S30 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jan 2021During adolescence, peer relationships take precedence and there is a normative increase in social anxiety. Although prospective studies have suggested peer functioning... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
During adolescence, peer relationships take precedence and there is a normative increase in social anxiety. Although prospective studies have suggested peer functioning and social anxiety can influence each other, their findings have not been examined systematically. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to examine the bidirectional relationship between peer functioning and social anxiety in adolescence.
METHODS
EMBASE, PsycINFO, Medline, and PubMed were searched to identify relevant articles. Meta-analysis was conducted to examine the mean effect sizes of prospective associations between social anxiety and four dimensions of peer functioning. Moderator analysis was performed, with age, gender, time interval between baseline and follow-up assessment, and publication year as moderators.
RESULTS
Meta-analyses of 23 studies showed that friendship quality (r =-.11), peer rejection (r =-.06), and peer victimization (r =.23) were each associated with later social anxiety, but peer acceptance was not (r =-.11). Social anxiety at baseline was associated with prospective levels of friendship quality (r =-.11), peer rejection (r=.09), and peer victimization (r =.17), but not peer acceptance (r =-.14). Age moderated the association between friendship quality and prospective social anxiety. Other moderator effects were statistically non-significant.
LIMITATIONS
Limitations include different classifications of peer functioning, the use of self-report measures, heterogeneity between studies, and underrepresentation of clinical samples.
CONCLUSIONS
A significant bidirectional association was found with social anxiety across three dimensions of peer functioning. Psychological prevention and intervention targeting peer functioning and social anxiety are indicated.
Topics: Adolescent; Anxiety; Bullying; Crime Victims; Humans; Peer Group; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 33190116
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.055