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Clinical and Experimental Dental... Jun 2024Self-performed oral hygiene is essential for preventing dental caries, periodontal, and peri-implant diseases. Oral irrigators are adjunctive oral home care aids that... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Self-performed oral hygiene is essential for preventing dental caries, periodontal, and peri-implant diseases. Oral irrigators are adjunctive oral home care aids that may benefit oral health. However, the effects of oral irrigation on oral health, its role in oral home care, and its mechanism of action are not fully understood. A comprehensive search of the literature revealed no existing broad scoping reviews on oral irrigators. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive systematic review of the literature on oral irrigation devices and identify evidence gaps.
METHODS
The Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were utilized to prepare the review. Four databases and eight gray literature sources were searched for English publications across any geographical location or setting.
RESULTS
Two hundred and seventy-five sources were included, predominantly from scientific journals and academic settings. Most studies originated from North America. Research primarily involved adults, with limited studies in children and adolescents. Oral irrigation was safe and well-accepted when used appropriately. It reduced periodontal inflammation, potentially by modulating the oral microbiota, but further research needs to clarify its mechanism of action. Promising results were reported in populations with dental implants and special needs. Patient acceptance appeared high, but standardized patient-reported outcome measures were rarely used. Anti-inflammatory benefits occurred consistently across populations and irrigant solutions. Plaque reduction findings were mixed, potentially reflecting differences in study designs and devices.
CONCLUSIONS
Oral irrigators reduce periodontal inflammation, but their impact on plaque removal remains unclear. Well-designed, sufficiently powered trials of appropriate duration need to assess the clinical, microbiological, and inflammatory responses of the periodontium to oral irrigation, particularly those with periodontitis, dental implants, and special needs. Patient-reported outcome measures, costs, caries prevention, and environmental impact of oral irrigation need to be compared to other oral hygiene aids.
Topics: Humans; Therapeutic Irrigation; Oral Hygiene; Oral Health; Dental Caries; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 38881230
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.912 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023The objective was to evaluate the current evidence regarding the etiology of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). This study systematically reviewed the... (Review)
Review
The objective was to evaluate the current evidence regarding the etiology of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). This study systematically reviewed the literature by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases for genes, proteins, and microRNAs associated with MRONJ from the earliest records through April 2023. Conference abstracts, letters, review articles, non-human studies, and non-English publications were excluded. Twelve studies meeting the inclusion criteria involving exposure of human oral mucosa, blood, serum, saliva, or adjacent bone or periodontium to anti-resorptive or anti-angiogenic agents were analyzed. The Cochrane Collaboration risk assessment tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. A total of 824 differentially expressed genes/proteins (DEGs) and 22 microRNAs were extracted for further bioinformatic analysis using Cytoscape, STRING, BiNGO, cytoHubba, MCODE, and ReactomeFI software packages and web-based platforms: DIANA mirPath, OmicsNet, and miRNet tools. The analysis yielded an interactome consisting of 17 hub genes and hsa-mir-16-1, hsa-mir-21, hsa-mir-23a, hsa-mir-145, hsa-mir-186, hsa-mir-221, and hsa-mir-424. A dominance of cytokine pathways was observed in both the cluster of hub DEGs and the interactome of hub genes with dysregulated miRNAs. In conclusion, a panel of genes, miRNAs, and related pathways were found, which is a step toward understanding the complexity of the disease.
Topics: Humans; MicroRNAs; Osteonecrosis; Computational Biology; Gene Regulatory Networks
PubMed: 38069068
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316745 -
Journal of the American Medical... Jul 2023Several studies demonstrated the poor oral health of care home residents in Europe but there is no systematic overview of the relevant literature. The objective of this... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Several studies demonstrated the poor oral health of care home residents in Europe but there is no systematic overview of the relevant literature. The objective of this study was to systematically review the evidence on the clinical and subjective oral health outcomes of care home residents in Europe.
DESIGN
The study design is a systematic review.
METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS
All included publications presented data on clinical and/or subjective oral health outcomes in care home residents in Europe with no restrictions for language or study design. MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL were searched, including publications from January 2010 onward. Data extraction and quality assessment (Qualsyst tool) was performed by 2 researchers independently. Findings were synthesized narratively, lack in data homogeneity restricted the relevance of a meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Eighty-three papers from 18 countries were included in the systematic review, with a sample size ranging from 39 to 92,827 participants. Their mean age was older than 80 years. The residents had few natural teeth, with fewer than a third a functional natural dentition. Removable dentures were present in half to 80% of residents. A high prevalence of dental caries was reported. Oral hygiene was insufficient, for both natural teeth and removable dentures. Few residents had a healthy periodontium. Clinical treatment needs were found in most residents. Perceived treatment needs were high with at least one-third of care home residents reporting a need for care due to poor oral health. A fifth to half of the residents reported negative impacts of their oral condition on their everyday lives.
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS
This systematic review clearly highlights the poor oral health and high burden of oral conditions among care home residents across Europe, irrespective of country or health care system. There is need for substantial policy actions to improve oral health in care homes.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Humans; Delivery of Health Care; Dental Caries; Europe; Mouth Diseases; Oral Health
PubMed: 37105236
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.03.021 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Oct 2020Inflammation is an integral part of the pathogenesis of periodontitis and sleep disorders. The aim of the present study was to review systematically the current evidence...
OBJECTIVES
Inflammation is an integral part of the pathogenesis of periodontitis and sleep disorders. The aim of the present study was to review systematically the current evidence relating to the association between periodontal diseases and non-apnea sleep disorder.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Systematic searches were performed in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane library, Web of Science, and Scopus without any limitation. Following preliminary screening, the quality of the remaining selected papers was appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Due to substantial heterogeneity among the selected articles, main outcomes were reported in a qualitative manner.
RESULTS
Following screening and evaluation, a final set of 13 studies was selected for inclusion. These studies examined the association between periodontal disease and short sleep duration, long sleep duration, poor sleep quality, or non-specific sleep disorders. The majority (N = 12/13) reported an association or trend between one type of sleep abnormality and periodontal or gingival parameters.
CONCLUSION
Despite the respective limitations of the articles included in this systematic review, an association between periodontal diseases and sleep disturbances was apparent.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Adequate management of periodontal disease requires that a patient's lifestyle factors be taken into consideration in treatment planning. One such factor is sleep initiation and maintenance. An obvious association between sleep disturbances and periodontitis exists. Sleep disorders may induce systemic inflammation, which, in turn, could influence the development of periodontitis.
Topics: Gingiva; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 32734481
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03475-2 -
Journal of Stomatology, Oral and... Jun 2022Oral myiasis is a rare condition caused by Dipteran larvae that feed on living or dead tissues, ingested food or body fluids. It affects immunocompromised individuals... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Oral myiasis is a rare condition caused by Dipteran larvae that feed on living or dead tissues, ingested food or body fluids. It affects immunocompromised individuals with low socioeconomic status or those unable to maintain proper hygiene. Cases of oral myiasis are scarce but debilitating in children. We conducted a systematic review to understand the nature of disease, its causative factors, treatment and ways to prevent the occurrence of this condition among children.
METHODOLOGY
The review was carried out in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. A systematic electronic literature search was conducted on major databases using keywords in combination with Boolean Operators. Manuscripts discussing cases of oral myiasis in paediatric patients were included in the review.
RESULTS
The exhaustive literature search and evaluation of full texts revealed 32 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 68 cases of oral myiasis were reported from 2 to 16 years of children, majorly involving gingiva of maxillary anterior region and palate.
CONCLUSION
The dreadful condition of myiasis can be prevented by decreasing the number of flies, maintenance of good hygiene and by educating the susceptible population. Affected children must be managed by following proper treatment regimens.
Topics: Animals; Child; Gingiva; Humans; Larva; Myiasis
PubMed: 34260982
DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2021.07.006 -
Cancers Jul 2020Whether "periodontal disease" can be considered as an independent risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC) remains controversial. The aim of the current meta-analysis... (Review)
Review
Whether "periodontal disease" can be considered as an independent risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC) remains controversial. The aim of the current meta-analysis was to quantitatively assess this relationship in order to determine whether this represents a true risk factor, with implications for cancer prevention and management. PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases were systematically searched. Selective studies were reviewed, and meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) on eligible studies using a random effects model. In total, 21 eligible observational studies (4 cohorts and 17 case-controls) were identified for qualitative synthesis after a review of 1051 articles. Significant heterogeneity could be identified in measures utilized for reporting of periodontal disease. Meta-analysis performed on nine studies that employed objective measures for reporting periodontal disease demonstrated a significant association between periodontal disease and HNC [OR 3.17, 95% CI, 1.78-5.64]. A diseased periodontium represents an independent risk marker, and a putative risk factor, for HNC. Prospective studies with standardized measures of periodontal disease severity and extent, integrated with microbiological and host susceptibility facets, are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of this positive association and whether treatment of the former influences the incidence and outcomes for HNC.
PubMed: 32674369
DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071893 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022The regenerative endodontic procedure (REP) represents a treatment option for immature necrotic teeth with a periapical lesion. Currently, this therapy has a wide field... (Review)
Review
The regenerative endodontic procedure (REP) represents a treatment option for immature necrotic teeth with a periapical lesion. Currently, this therapy has a wide field of pre-clinical and clinical applications, but no standardization exists regarding successful criteria. Thus, by analysis of animal and human studies, the aim of this systematic review was to highlight the main characteristics of the tissue generated by REP. A customized search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to January 2022 was conducted. Seventy-five human and forty-nine animal studies were selected. In humans, the evaluation criteria were clinical 2D and 3D radiographic examinations. Most of the studies identified a successful REP with an asymptomatic tooth, apical lesion healing, and increased root thickness and length. In animals, histological and radiological criteria were considered. Newly formed tissues in the canals were fibrous, cementum, or bone-like tissues along the dentine walls depending on the area of the root. REP assured tooth development and viability. However, further studies are needed to identify procedures to successfully reproduce the physiological structure and function of the dentin-pulp complex.
Topics: Animals; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Humans; Periapical Tissue; Regenerative Endodontics
PubMed: 36142446
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810534 -
Archives of Oral Biology Feb 2023This paper aims to better define hypercementosis, investigate its described potential aetiologies, and determine whether there are different patterns of cementum... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
This paper aims to better define hypercementosis, investigate its described potential aetiologies, and determine whether there are different patterns of cementum apposition and if they are a function of their supposed aetiology.
DESIGN
A literature review was undertaken using the Medline, DOSS, Scopus and Cochrane Library electronic databases. Two co-authors selected the published works independently, extracted the data in accordance with the PRISMA statement.
RESULTS
Among 546 articles, 75 articles were finally selected. Eight different supposed aetiologies were identified: (1) intensive masticatory effort, (2) systemic disease, (3) carious lesion and apical periodontitis, (4) impaction, (5) periodontal disease, (6) concrescence, (7) super-eruption, and (8) drugs. Some of these aetiologies can be combined in the same tooth. Hypercementosis manifestations are various in nature and extent with different patterns that may be aetiology-specific. To improve the description and associated consistency in the characterisation of hypercementosis, in this review but also in future studies, we propose a new qualitative scoring system to quickly characterise hypercementosis and determine its most relevant aetiology.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review demonstrates that hypercementosis is a complex and not yet well-defined condition. Some forms of apposition are specific to a given aetiology. The hypercementosis characterisation may contribute to document the oral condition and/or the individuals masticatory activity.
Topics: Humans; Hypercementosis; Dental Cementum; Tooth, Impacted; Periodontal Diseases; Periapical Periodontitis
PubMed: 36495812
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105599 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases that widely spread and share the same patterns of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This... (Review)
Review
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases that widely spread and share the same patterns of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on RA and, conversely, the impact of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) on periodontitis. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched using the MESH terms "periodontitis" and "rheumatoid arthritis" from January 2012 to September 2023. A total of 49 articles was included in the final analysis, 10 of which were randomized controlled trials. A total of 31 records concerns the effect of NSPT on parameters of RA disease activity, including a 28-joint disease activity score, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, rheumatoid factor, C reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in serum, saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and synovial fluid. A total of 18 articles investigated the effect of DMARDs on periodontal indexes and on specific cytokine levels. A quality assessment and risk-of-bias of the studies were also performed. Despite some conflicting results, there is evidence that RA patients and periodontitis patients benefit from NSPT and DMARDs, respectively. The limitations of the studies examined are the small samples and the short follow-up (usually 6 months). Further research is mandatory to evaluate if screening and treatment of periodontitis should be performed systematically in RA patients, and if the administration of DMARDs is useful in reducing the production of cytokines in the periodontium.
Topics: Humans; Antirheumatic Agents; Periodontitis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Rheumatoid Factor; Cytokines
PubMed: 38139057
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417228 -
Advances in Medical Sciences Jun 2024The imbalance of thyroid hormones affects the metabolic activity of various tissues, including periodontium. Also, autoimmune diseases present an increased tendency to... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The imbalance of thyroid hormones affects the metabolic activity of various tissues, including periodontium. Also, autoimmune diseases present an increased tendency to suffer from periodontal disease. Therefore, our systematic review was designed to answer the question "Is there a relationship between thyroid diseases and periodontal disease?".
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 studies were included in this systematic review using the databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines).
RESULTS
Based on the meta-analysis, patients with thyroid diseases (especially with hypothyroidism) demonstrated significantly worse periodontal status than systemically healthy controls. Moreover, according to the cross-sectional studies, 5.74 % of periodontitis patients reported the concomitance of thyroid diseases.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, the included studies suggest a potential relationship between thyroid diseases and periodontal disease. However, further research is necessary to reliably assess the oral health in patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
PubMed: 38908794
DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2024.06.003