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Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Jun 2022Mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) is a monogenic auto-inflammatory disease. Its manifestations range from partial MKD to mevalonic aciduria (MVA). All patients display... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) is a monogenic auto-inflammatory disease. Its manifestations range from partial MKD to mevalonic aciduria (MVA). All patients display a periodic fever, and MVA patients additionally exhibit severe neurological involvement. The objective of this work was to describe neurological manifestations of MKD.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was performed from January 1990 to January 2022. Forty-five patients from 18 case reports and five cohort studies were included in the analysis.
RESULTS
In cohort studies, the most-reported manifestations were headaches (41%) and fatigue (31%). Serious involvements including ataxia and developmental delay were described less than 1% of patients but 22-31% of case reports. They consistently appeared in the first years of life. Retinal dystrophy was frequently reported (31%) in case reports. Other manifestations, including uveitis, aseptic meningitis, and stroke remained rare.
DISCUSSION
Severe neurological manifestations are rare in MKD but are responsible for major functional disabilities. They are present at onset and never appear at follow-up of patients with mild MKD. Conversely, headaches and fatigue are frequent symptoms that should be investigated. Visual examinations should be performed on the appearance of visual symptoms. The efficacy of anti-IL-1β therapy on neurological manifestations should be further investigated.
Topics: Fatigue; Headache; Humans; Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency
PubMed: 35525811
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.04.006 -
RMD Open Jul 2020Several therapies are used for the treatment of rareautoinflammatory conditions like cryopyrin-associated periodic fever syndromes (CAPS), hyperimmunoglobulin Dsyndrome... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Systematic literature review of efficacy/effectiveness and safety of current therapies for the treatment of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome, hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome.
OBJECTIVES
Several therapies are used for the treatment of rareautoinflammatory conditions like cryopyrin-associated periodic fever syndromes (CAPS), hyperimmunoglobulin Dsyndrome (HIDS)/mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS). However, reviews reporting on treatment outcomes of these therapies are lacking.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was conducted using Embase, MEDLINE, MEDLINE-In Process and Cochrane databases to identify the randomised/non-randomised controlled trials (RCTs/non-RCTs) and real-world observational studies of CAPS, HIDS/MKD and TRAPS published as full-texts (January 2000-September 2017) or conference abstracts (January 2014-September 2017). Studies with data for ≥1 biologic were included. Studies with <5 patients were excluded.
RESULTS
Of the 3 342 retrieved publications, 72 studies were included (CAPS, n=43; HIDS/MKD, n=9; TRAPS, n=7; studies with ≥2 cohorts, n=13). Most studies were full-text (n=56), published after 2010 (n=56) and real-world observational studies (n=58). Among included studies, four were RCTs (canakinumab, n=2 (CAPS, n=1; HIDS/MKD and TRAPS, n=1); rilonacept, n=1 (in CAPS); simvastatin, n=1 (in HIDS/MKD)). Canakinumab and anakinra were the most commonly used therapies for CAPS and HIDS/MKD, whereas etanercept, canakinumab and anakinra were the most common for TRAPS. The available evidence suggested the efficacy or effectiveness of canakinumab and anakinra in CAPS, HIDS/MKD and TRAPS, and of etanercept in TRAPS; asingle RCT demonstrated the efficacy of rilonacept in CAPS.
CONCLUSIONS
Canakinumab, anakinra, etanercept and rilonacept were reported to be well tolerated; however, injection-site reactions were observed frequently with anakinra, rilonacept and etanercept. Data on the use of tocilizumab, infliximab and adalimumab in these conditions were limited; thus, further research is warranted.
Topics: Clinical Decision-Making; Combined Modality Therapy; Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes; Disease Management; Disease Susceptibility; Drug Substitution; Fever; Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases; Humans; Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency; Publication Bias; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32723831
DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001227 -
Arthritis & Rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) Jul 2022The interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediated systemic autoinflammatory diseases, including the cryopyrin- associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), tumour necrosis factor...
The 2021 EULAR/American College of Rheumatology Points to Consider for Diagnosis, Management and Monitoring of the Interleukin-1 Mediated Autoinflammatory Diseases: Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes, Tumour Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Periodic Syndrome, Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency,...
BACKGROUND
The interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediated systemic autoinflammatory diseases, including the cryopyrin- associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) and deficiency of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA), belong to a group of rare immunodysregulatory diseases that primarily present in early childhood with variable multiorgan involvement. When untreated, patients with severe clinical phenotypes have a poor prognosis, and diagnosis and management of these patients can be challenging. However, approved treatments targeting the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 have been life changing and have significantly improved patient outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
To establish evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of patients with IL-1 mediated autoinflammatory diseases to standardise their management.
METHODS
A multinational, multidisciplinary task force consisting of physician experts, including rheumatologists, patients or caregivers and allied healthcare professionals, was established. Evidence synthesis, including systematic literature review and expert consensus (Delphi) via surveys, was conducted. Consensus methodology was used to formulate and vote on statements to guide optimal patient care.
RESULTS
The task force devised five overarching principles, 14 statements related to diagnosis, 10 on therapy, and nine focused on long-term monitoring that were evidence and/or consensus-based for patients with IL-1 mediated diseases. An outline was developed for disease-specific monitoring of inflammation-induced organ damage progression and reported treatments of CAPS, TRAPS, MKD and DIRA.
CONCLUSION
The 2021 EULAR/American College of Rheumatology points to consider represent state-of-the-art knowledge based on published data and expert opinion to guide diagnostic evaluation, treatment and monitoring of patients with CAPS, TRAPS, MKD and DIRA, and to standardise and improve care, quality of life and disease outcomes.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes; Fever; Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases; Humans; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Interleukin-1; Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency; Quality of Life; Receptors, Interleukin-1; Rheumatology; United States
PubMed: 35621220
DOI: 10.1002/art.42139 -
Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease May 2021Among boys with X-Linked adrenoleukodystrophy, a subset will develop childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CCALD). CCALD is typically lethal without hematopoietic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Among boys with X-Linked adrenoleukodystrophy, a subset will develop childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CCALD). CCALD is typically lethal without hematopoietic stem cell transplant before or soon after symptom onset. We sought to establish evidence-based guidelines detailing the neuroimaging surveillance of boys with neurologically asymptomatic adrenoleukodystrophy.
METHODS
To establish the most frequent age and diagnostic neuroimaging modality for CCALD, we completed a meta-analysis of relevant studies published between January 1, 1970 and September 10, 2019. We used the consensus development conference method to incorporate the resulting data into guidelines to inform the timing and techniques for neuroimaging surveillance. Final guideline agreement was defined as >80% consensus.
RESULTS
One hundred twenty-three studies met inclusion criteria yielding 1285 patients. The overall mean age of CCALD diagnosis is 7.91 years old. The median age of CCALD diagnosis calculated from individual patient data is 7.0 years old (IQR: 6.0-9.5, n = 349). Ninety percent of patients were diagnosed between 3 and 12. Conventional MRI was most frequently reported, comprised most often of T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI. The expert panel achieved 95.7% consensus on the following surveillance parameters: (a) Obtain an MRI between 12 and 18 months old. (b) Obtain a second MRI 1 year after baseline. (c) Between 3 and 12 years old, obtain a contrast-enhanced MRI every 6 months. (d) After 12 years, obtain an annual MRI.
CONCLUSION
Boys with adrenoleukodystrophy identified early in life should be monitored with serial brain MRIs during the period of highest risk for conversion to CCALD.
Topics: Adrenoleukodystrophy; Child; Child, Preschool; Consensus Development Conferences as Topic; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neonatal Screening
PubMed: 33373467
DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12356