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Journal of Clinical Psychology Apr 2021The Enneagram is a typology that many clients use to understand their personality and interpersonal patterns, despite some concerns about its validity. Thus, the purpose... (Review)
Review
The Enneagram is a typology that many clients use to understand their personality and interpersonal patterns, despite some concerns about its validity. Thus, the purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and clinician-friendly review of the extant empirical work on the Enneagram. After reviewing 104 independent samples, we found mixed evidence of reliability and validity. In terms of strengths, some factor analytic work has shown partial alignment with prior theorizing, and subscales show theory-consistent relationships with other constructs such as the Big 5. Also, several studies found the Enneagram was helpful for personal/spiritual growth. However, factor analytic work has typically found fewer than nine factors, and no work has used clustering techniques to derive the nine types. Also, there is little research supporting secondary aspects of Enneagram theory, such as wings and intertype movement. We conclude by highlighting directions for future research and implications for clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders; Reproducibility of Results; Spirituality
PubMed: 33332604
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23097 -
Journal of Nursing Management May 2022This study aims to identify the most effective interventions to facilitate nurses' clinical leadership in the hospital setting. (Review)
Review
AIM
This study aims to identify the most effective interventions to facilitate nurses' clinical leadership in the hospital setting.
BACKGROUND
There is a gap in the literature on the identification and measurement of effective interventions for leadership skill development among clinical nurses in hospitals. To the best of our knowledge, no systematic review has been performed on this issue.
EVALUATION
A systematic review was conducted. The PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases were reviewed. Data extraction, quality appraisal and narrative synthesis were conducted in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
KEY ISSUES
The evidence reveals that interventions designed to promote nurses' clinical leadership are complex, requiring that cognitive, interpersonal and intrinsic competencies as well as psychological empowerment, emotional intelligence and critical reflexivity skills be addressed.
CONCLUSIONS
The development of multicomponent, theory-based and mixed-format programmes may be more suitable to facilitate nurses' clinical leadership in the hospital setting.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
Strategies to facilitate nurses' clinical leadership in the hospital setting should address simultaneously the knowledge and ability of bedsides nurses to solve the practical problem collaboratively with a sense of control, competency and autonomy. Hence, it would promote high quality care, satisfaction and retention of bedside nurses.
Topics: Emotional Intelligence; Hospitals; Humans; Leadership; Nurses; Quality of Health Care
PubMed: 35229386
DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13570 -
British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen... Mar 2021Recruitment and retention of nursing staff is the biggest workforce challenge faced by healthcare institutions. Across the UK, there are currently around 50 000 nursing...
BACKGROUND
Recruitment and retention of nursing staff is the biggest workforce challenge faced by healthcare institutions. Across the UK, there are currently around 50 000 nursing vacancies, and the number of people leaving the Nursing and Midwifery Council register is increasing.
OBJECTIVE
This review comprehensively compiled an update on factors affecting retention among hospital nursing staff.
METHODS
Five online databases; EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL and NICE Evidence were searched for relevant primary studies published until 31 December 2018 on retention among nurses in hospitals.
RESULTS
Forty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Nine domains influencing staff turnover were found: nursing leadership and management, education and career advancement, organisational (work) environment, staffing levels, professional issues, support at work, personal influences, demographic influences, and financial remuneration.
CONCLUSION
Identified turnover factors are long-standing. To mitigate the impact of these factors, evaluation of current workforce strategies should be high priority.
Topics: Female; Hospitals; Humans; Leadership; Nursing Staff, Hospital; Personnel Turnover; Workforce
PubMed: 33733849
DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2021.30.5.302 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022Adolescence represents a vulnerable phase of life for psychological health. The practice of physical activity (PA) appears to have a positive influence on adolescents,... (Review)
Review
Adolescence represents a vulnerable phase of life for psychological health. The practice of physical activity (PA) appears to have a positive influence on adolescents, increasing self-esteem and producing a more positive body image. A systematic review of published articles over the past 10 years until June 2022 was conducted according to the PRISMA statement employing the electronic databases MEDLINE and Web of Science (639 records) to summarize the literature on the relationship between body image dissatisfaction (BID) and assessed by figural scales and practice of structured and unstructured PA in adolescents (10-18 years), taking into account BMI and/or weight status. All articles were independently reviewed using inclusion/exclusion criteria, retrieved data, and assessed quality with the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. The main finding of interest that emerged from most of the 28 included studies is the negative association between BID and PA during adolescence: as PA increases, BID decreases. However, this updated systematic review also identified some flaws in the existing literature, highlighting the need for high-quality adolescent research using validated figural scales and objective PA assessments. In conclusion, the reviewed studies showed that PA involvement can be efficacious in protecting from body image perception concerns and enhancing body satisfaction. Future interventions should promote structured and unstructured PA during adolescence to improve self-esteem and body image.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Body Image; Exercise; Self Concept; Personal Satisfaction; Mental Health
PubMed: 36293770
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013190 -
Journal of Advanced Nursing Jul 2020To identify current best evidence on the types of interventions that have been developed to improve job satisfaction among nurses and on the effectiveness of these... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIMS
To identify current best evidence on the types of interventions that have been developed to improve job satisfaction among nurses and on the effectiveness of these interventions.
DESIGN
The systematic review is a quantitative systematic review and meta-analysis following a profile-likelihood random-effects model.
DATA SOURCES
CINAHL, Medic, and Pubmed (Medline).
REVIEW METHODS
PICOS eligibility criteria were used to select original studies published between 2003-2019. The articles were screened by title (N = 489), abstract (N = 61), and full-text (N = 47). A total of 20 articles remained after the full-text screening process and further assess on risk of bias. The screening process was conducted by two authors independently and finally agreed together. A meta-analysis was performed to determine how the identified interventions influence nurses' job satisfaction.
RESULTS
The interventions were primarily educational and consisted of workshops, educational sessions, lessons, and training sessions. The postintervention differences between intervention and control groups in meta-analysis revealed that two interventions significantly improved nurses' job satisfaction. Notably, the spiritual intelligence training protocol and Professional Identity Development Program were found to be effective in improving job satisfaction.
CONCLUSION
Healthcare organizations and managers should consider implementing effective interventions to improve nurses' job satisfaction and reduce turnover. The results reported in this study highlight that nurse managers should focus on organizational strategies that will foster the intrinsic motivation of employees.
IMPACT
The current nursing shortage and increased turnover intentions are proving to be a global problem. For this reason, it is imperative that nurse managers plan strategies to improve nurses´ job satisfaction. The effective interventions detected in this study are a first step for developing human resource strategies for healthcare organizations. These findings propose that extrinsic factors (e.g., salary and rewards) will never be as effective in maintaining job satisfaction as intrinsic factors (e.g., spiritual intelligence, professional identity, and awareness).
Topics: Humans; Job Satisfaction; Motivation; Nurses; Nursing Staff, Hospital; Personnel Turnover
PubMed: 32128864
DOI: 10.1111/jan.14342 -
International Journal of Public Health 2022Adolescence is considered a vital time to address healthy attitudes and values towards an effective transition to adulthood. The aim of this review was to analyse... (Review)
Review
Adolescence is considered a vital time to address healthy attitudes and values towards an effective transition to adulthood. The aim of this review was to analyse self-concept, self-perception, physical exercise, and lifestyle in the late adolescent population. Systematic review of studies assessing the results by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the General Health Questionnaire, the Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents, and the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children questionnaires in late adolescents. The PRISMA recommendations were followed. The CASPe quality-check system was applied, excluding articles with a score <8. 1589 studies were found, and 69 articles were selected. Adolescents with high self-concept and self-perception tend to be emotionally stable, sociable, and responsible. No significant differences were found regarding self-concept and self-perception between different countries, but there were differences between men and women. Physical activity and healthy diet improve self-concept and perception of body image. Self-concept and self-perception are associated with responsibility, stability, and mental strength. Most healthy behaviours during adolescence are followed during adulthood. Socio-cultural level of Health Science students is a differential factor for overweight and obesity.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Image; Child; Exercise; Female; Humans; Life Style; Male; Overweight; Self Concept; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36250150
DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604954 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Nov 2021Digital interventions have tremendous potential to improve well-being and health care conveyance by improving adequacy, proficiency, availability, and personalization.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Digital interventions have tremendous potential to improve well-being and health care conveyance by improving adequacy, proficiency, availability, and personalization. They have gained acknowledgment in interventions for the management of a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, we are reviewing existing conceptual frameworks, digital intervention approaches, and associated methods to identify the impact of digital intervention on adopting a healthier lifestyle.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to evaluate the impact of digital interventions on weight management in maintaining a healthy lifestyle (eg, regular physical activity, healthy habits, and proper dietary patterns).
METHODS
We conducted a systematic literature review to search the scientific databases (Nature, SpringerLink, Elsevier, IEEE Xplore, and PubMed) that included digital interventions on healthy lifestyle, focusing on preventing obesity and being overweight as a prime objective. Peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2020 were included. We used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and a framework for an evidence-based systematic review. Furthermore, we improved the review process by adopting the Rayyan tool and the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles.
RESULTS
Our initial searches identified 780 potential studies through electronic and manual searches; however, 107 articles in the final stage were cited following the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The identified methods for a successful digital intervention to promote a healthy lifestyle are self-monitoring, self-motivation, goal setting, personalized feedback, participant engagement, psychological empowerment, persuasion, digital literacy, efficacy, and credibility. In this study, we identified existing conceptual frameworks for digital interventions, different approaches to provide digital interventions, associated methods, and execution challenges and their impact on the promotion of healthy lifestyle management.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic literature review selected intervention principles (rules), theories, design features, ways to determine efficient interventions, and weaknesses in healthy lifestyle management from established digital intervention approaches. The results help us understand how digital interventions influence lifestyle management and overcome the existing shortcomings. It serves as a basis for further research with a focus on designing, developing, testing, and evaluating the generation of personalized lifestyle recommendations as a part of digital health interventions.
Topics: Healthy Lifestyle; Humans; Life Style; Motivation; Obesity; Overweight
PubMed: 34787575
DOI: 10.2196/26931 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Aug 2022The use of low doses of psychedelic substances (microdosing) is attracting increasing interest. This systematic review summarises all empirical microdosing research to... (Review)
Review
The use of low doses of psychedelic substances (microdosing) is attracting increasing interest. This systematic review summarises all empirical microdosing research to date, including a set of infrequently cited studies that took place prior to prohibition. Specifically, we reviewed 44 studies published between 1955 and 2021, and summarised reported effects across six categories: mood and mental health; wellbeing and attitude; cognition and creativity; personality; changes in conscious state; and neurobiology and physiology. Studies showed a wide range in risk of bias, depending on design, age, and other study characteristics. Laboratory studies found changes in pain perception, time perception, conscious state, and neurophysiology. Self-report studies found changes in cognitive processing and mental health. We review data related to expectation and placebo effects, but argue that claims that microdosing effects are largely due to expectancy are premature and possibly wrong. In addition, we attempt to clarify definitional inconsistencies in the microdosing literature by providing suggested dose ranges across different substances. Finally, we provide specific design suggestions to facilitate more rigorous future research.
Topics: Affect; Creativity; Hallucinogens; Humans; Mental Health; Personality; Psilocybin
PubMed: 35609684
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104706 -
Nurse Education in Practice Jul 2021The purpose of this study is to investigate the current state of knowledge about emotional intelligence (EI) in nursing education BACKGROUND: Human relationships and... (Review)
Review
AIM
The purpose of this study is to investigate the current state of knowledge about emotional intelligence (EI) in nursing education BACKGROUND: Human relationships and emotions are an integral part of nursing care and contribute to care quality. This part of the profession must be addressed in nursing education to prepare students and deal with their emotions and the patients's. Research on emotional intelligence (EI) in nursing has been particularly developed recently. A broad understanding of many benefits of EI is crucial to include EI in this training program.
DESIGN
Systematic literature review METHODS: Undertaken using electronic database (Cairn; PubMed; Science Direct; Wiley online library) and specific search terms. This research covered articles published in English and French between 2007 and 2021. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines (PRISMA) directed the systematic review process.
RESULTS
57 articles are included in this systematic review. The literature focuses on EI and nursing education. The findings categorized into four themes: EI and performances; EI and Physical and mental health; EI and Social Relationship; and EI program.
CONCLUSIONS
This literature review reveals that EI has many benefits in nursing students. Several training programs aimed at developing this concept have proven to be effective in nursing education. We believe that a synthesis of this knowledge will then allow us to better understand the benefits of EI for a further implementation in nursing education. Perspectives and recommendations will also be formulated to enable the implementation of emotional skill development programs in such training.
Topics: Education, Nursing; Emotional Intelligence; Emotions; Humans; Mental Health; Students, Nursing
PubMed: 34175653
DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103124 -
Psychiatry Research May 2023Transidentity and autism frequently co-occur. Previous reviews have focused mainly on frequencies. Here, we conducted a systematic review to condense all the studies and... (Review)
Review
Transidentity and autism frequently co-occur. Previous reviews have focused mainly on frequencies. Here, we conducted a systematic review to condense all the studies and themes on this co-occurrence and to offer a global view. We followed the PRISMA method and selected 77 articles (including 59 clinical studies) in April 2022. We found 5 main themes (sex ratio, theories, sexual orientation, clinical and social consequences, and care implications) in addition to frequencies. Many theories have been proposed to explain the co-occurrence. One posits that social difficulties related to autism would lead to less identification with gender norms and less pressure to conform to these norms, allowing for greater gender diversity in people with autism. Given their difficulties with social interactions and communication, the announcement of one's transidentity to one's social group is often discredited, increasing the risk of suffering and delayed care. Many reports reaffirm the importance of providing specialised care for transgender people with autism. Autism is not a contraindication for gender-affirming treatment. However, some cognitive specificities can affect the planning of care, and transgender people with autism are at high risk of discrimination and harassment. We conclude that there is a need to raise awareness about gender and autism.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Gender Dysphoria; Gender Identity; Transgender Persons; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 36996732
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115176