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Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Jul 2021Increasing evidence shows how diet may play a role in improving health including mental health. Of note, personality may influence the type of diet and consequently the...
Increasing evidence shows how diet may play a role in improving health including mental health. Of note, personality may influence the type of diet and consequently the prognosis of medical and psychiatric conditions. The purpose of the present systematic review is to summarize the available data regarding the influence of personality on dietary habits affecting health outcomes. A search in the main databases was conducted matching the terms "personality," "personality traits" with "food choices," "food preferences," "diet," and "dietary habits." A total of 1856 articles were screened, and 24 articles were finally included. Exclusion criteria consisted of studies on animals or children, studies about eating disorders, types of diet not clearly associated with health outcomes, and studies for marketing reasons. Several studies showed that personality traits can influence both dietary choices and the type of diet, including the preference for healthy or unhealthy food. Unfavorable personality traits such as neuroticism and alexithymia (the inability to identify and describe emotions) were associated with unhealthy diet habits such as low consumption of fruit and vegetables, and the increased consumption of sugar and saturated fats. Personality seems to play a role in food selection and in the propensity to change diet. The interpretation of these results should be weighted by the different cultural contexts in which the studies were conducted and the extreme heterogeneity of tools used to assess personality and food preferences. Future research should clarify how personality can affect diet in specific populations such as patients with severe psychiatric disorders.
Topics: Animals; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Food Preferences; Humans; Personality; Vegetables
PubMed: 33427288
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa166 -
BMC Psychology Feb 2023Job burnout negatively contributes to individual well-being, enhancing public health costs due to turnover, absenteeism, and reduced job performance. Personality traits...
BACKGROUND
Job burnout negatively contributes to individual well-being, enhancing public health costs due to turnover, absenteeism, and reduced job performance. Personality traits mainly explain why workers differ in experiencing burnout under the same stressful work conditions. The current systematic review was conducted with the PRISMA method and focused on the five-factor model to explain workers' burnout risk.
METHODS
The databases used were Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and PsycINFO. Keywords used were: "Burnout," "Job burnout," "Work burnout," "Personality," and "Personality traits".
RESULTS
The initial search identified 3320 papers, from which double and non-focused studies were excluded. From the 207 full texts reviewed, the studies included in this review were 83 papers. The findings show that higher levels of neuroticism (r from 0.10** to 0.642***; β from 0.16** to 0.587***) and lower agreeableness (r from - 0.12* to - 0.353***; β from - 0.08*** to - 0.523*), conscientiousness (r from -0.12* to -0.355***; β from - 0.09*** to - 0.300*), extraversion (r from - 0.034** to - 0.33***; β from - 0.06*** to - 0.31***), and openness (r from - 0.18*** to - 0.237**; β from - 0.092* to - 0.45*) are associated with higher levels of burnout.
CONCLUSIONS
The present review highlighted the relationship between personality traits and job burnout. Results showed that personality traits were closely related to workers' burnout risk. There is still much to explore and how future research on job burnout should account for the personality factors.
Topics: Humans; Burnout, Professional; Personality; Neuroticism; Personality Disorders; Personnel Turnover
PubMed: 36804929
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01056-y -
Current Psychiatry Reports Oct 2020Identity is one of the key domains that is disturbed in people manifesting personality disorder (PD). Within the field of personality psychology, there is a robust... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Identity is one of the key domains that is disturbed in people manifesting personality disorder (PD). Within the field of personality psychology, there is a robust approach to studying identity focused on narrative identity which has been largely overlooked in studying PD. In this paper, a systematic review was conducted of studies published in the past decade that focused on how individuals manifesting personality pathology craft their narrative identity.
RECENT FINDINGS
This review revealed disturbances related to several motivational/affective themes (e.g., negative valence/valence shifts and thwarted themes of agency and communion), autobiographical reasoning (negative self-inferences), and structural elements (e.g., low coherence and fewer life script events) within the narrative identity of people who manifest PD. Narrative identity is disturbed in people experiencing personality pathology and may have crucial implications for enhancing our conceptual understanding of PD and for PD interventions. This review also points to several research limitations and gaps that we encourage the field to pursue in the future.
Topics: Humans; Motivation; Narration; Personality; Personality Disorders; Self Concept
PubMed: 33034756
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-020-01187-8 -
PloS One 2020No systematic review exists synthesizing studies examining the association between personality factors and use of cancer screenings. Hence, the aim of this systematic...
BACKGROUND
No systematic review exists synthesizing studies examining the association between personality factors and use of cancer screenings. Hence, the aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of empirical findings from observational studies investigating the link between personality factors (in terms of agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism and openness to experience) and use of cancer screenings.
METHODS
Medline, PsycInfo and CINAHL were searched using predefined search terms. Observational studies examining the link between personality factors and use of cancer screenings using validated tools were included. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by two reviewers.
RESULTS
In total, n = 11 studies were included in our systematic review. There is mostly inconclusive evidence regarding the link between agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience and the use of cancer screenings. Clearer evidence was identified for an association between increased extraversion and an increased use of cancer screenings. Moreover, the majority of studies identified a link between increased conscientiousness and an increased use of cancer screenings.
DISCUSSION
Studies indicate that personality factors, particularly an increased extraversion and increased conscientiousness, are associated with an increased use of cancer screenings. This knowledge may be beneficial to address individuals at risk for underuse.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42020176830.
Topics: Consciousness; Early Detection of Cancer; Extraversion, Psychological; Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Observational Studies as Topic; Personality; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 33370379
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244655 -
European Journal of Anaesthesiology Apr 2022As a central part of their job, anaesthesiologists often have to perform demanding tasks under high-stakes conditions. Yet, some anaesthesiologists seem better able to...
BACKGROUND
As a central part of their job, anaesthesiologists often have to perform demanding tasks under high-stakes conditions. Yet, some anaesthesiologists seem better able to deal with the demands of the profession than others.
OBJECTIVES
This review aims to answer the following questions. What are the necessary or desirable qualities of an anaesthesiologist? Which personality traits or characteristics have been found in anaesthesiologists? How does personality relate to job performance and work stress among anaesthesiologists?
DESIGN
Systematic review of studies that examined anaesthesiologists' personality or personality characteristics. We performed our synthesis in terms of the five-factor model of personality.
DATA SOURCES
The search was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases. Literature was included until December 2020.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
We included qualitative and quantitative studies that examined anaesthesiologists' personality; also, we included studies that focused on anaesthesiologists' stress, performance or mental health but only if these topics were examined from the perspective of personality.
RESULTS
We included 6 qualitative and 25 quantitative articles. Synthesis of the qualitative articles revealed two classes of desirable technical and nontechnical personality characteristics. Synthesis of the quantitative articles suggested that anaesthesiologists do not essentially differ from other medical specialists. Moreover, our synthesis revealed several personality traits that predict good performance, low stress and good mental health among anaesthesiologists: lower Neuroticism, higher Extraversion, higher Openness and higher Conscientiousness.
CONCLUSION
Those personality traits that predict performance, stress or mental health in anaesthesiologists, also predict performance, stress or mental health in other high demand/high stakes environments (both medical and nonmedical). The ideal anaesthesiologist would be lower on Neuroticism, higher on Extraversion and higher on Conscientiousness.
Topics: Anesthesiologists; Humans; Occupational Stress; Personality
PubMed: 35232934
DOI: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000001650 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Feb 2022Certain personality traits increase vulnerability to depression, but the evidence linking personality and postpartum depression (PPD) is less robust. This systematic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Certain personality traits increase vulnerability to depression, but the evidence linking personality and postpartum depression (PPD) is less robust. This systematic review aimed to identify personality traits that increase the risk of PPD.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed studies retrieved from PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane, following the PRISMA guidelines for reporting. We carried out a meta-analysis on the association between neuroticism and PPD.
RESULTS
A total of 34 studies were analyzed. Of these, 31 considered at least one trait associated with PPD; 10 studies considered at least one trait not associated with PPD. The meta-analysis included 13 studies, concluding that neuroticism was associated with PPD (OR: 1.37; 95%CI: 1.22-1.53; p<0.001).
LIMITATIONS
Study design and approach to personality assessment influence results. Prospective longitudinal studies of persons with no prior history of mood disorder would provide stronger evidence about whether particular personality traits predict PPD. Most studies reviewed used self-report measures to assess personality. Study design and approach to personality assessment influence results, and indications of publication bias were found.
CONCLUSIONS
Neuroticism is the personality trait most widely studied in relation to PPD. Our meta-analysis found this trait is strongly related with PPD. Moreover, vulnerable personality style and trait anxiety are also associated with PPD. Screening for these traits might help identify women at risk, improving prevention, early detection, and possibly treatment.
Topics: Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34763034
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.010 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Mar 2023This aim of the present systematic literature review is to critically analyze problematic sexuality and sexual dysfunctions in personality disorders (PDs) and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This aim of the present systematic literature review is to critically analyze problematic sexuality and sexual dysfunctions in personality disorders (PDs) and pathological personality traits.
RECENT FINDINGS
An initial pool of 123 studies was found, out of which 17 met the selection criteria and were therefore included. Traumatic experiences as childhood sexual abuse and adverse childhood experiences characterize the relationship between sexual behavior and PDs. From this point of view, sexual compulsivity and sexual risk behaviors, typical of BPD and ASPD, respectively, are among the pathognomonic aspects of PDs and of pathological personality traits. A maladaptive personality functioning may manifest through a problematic sexuality and a sexual impairment. In this regard, traumatic life experiences may structure personality together with sexual functioning. Therefore, it would be useful to consider the relationship between trauma, sexuality, and personality in research and in the clinical setting.
Topics: Humans; Sexual Behavior; Sexuality; Personality Disorders; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological; Personality
PubMed: 36738436
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01409-9 -
Evidence-based Dentistry Mar 2023To investigate the relationship between temperament traits and dental fear and anxiety (DFA) in children and adolescents by the means of a systematic review (PROSPERO...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the relationship between temperament traits and dental fear and anxiety (DFA) in children and adolescents by the means of a systematic review (PROSPERO #CRD42020207578).
METHODS
The PEO (Population, Exposure, and Outcome) strategy was followed using children and adolescents as the population, temperament as the exposure, and DFA as the outcome. A systematic search for observational studies (cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort) without restrictions on year or language of publication was performed in seven databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, Embase, Cochrane, and PsycINFO) in September 2021. Grey literature search was performed in OpenGrey, Google Scholar, and in the reference list of included studies. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were carried out independently by two reviewers. The Fowkes and Fulton Critical Assessment Guideline was used to assess methodological quality of each study included. The GRADE approach was performed to determine the certainty of evidence of relationship between temperament traits.
RESULTS
This study recovered 1362 articles, of which 12 were included. Despite the high heterogeneity of methodological aspects, qualitative synthesis by subgroups showed a positive association/correlation between emotionality, neuroticism, and shyness with DFA in children and adolescents. Different subgroups analysis showed similar results. Eight studies were classified as having low methodological quality.
CONCLUSION
The main shortcoming of the included studies is the high risk of bias and a very low certainty of evidence. Within its limitations, children and adolescents with a temperament-like emotionality/neuroticism and shyness are more likely to present higher DFA.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Humans; Temperament; Dental Anxiety; Cross-Sectional Studies; Anxiety Disorders; Shyness
PubMed: 36869119
DOI: 10.1038/s41432-023-00852-0 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2021Self-assessment is among the most impactful processes in student learning. Since no review of this process was found in the field of physical education (PE), the... (Review)
Review
Self-assessment is among the most impactful processes in student learning. Since no review of this process was found in the field of physical education (PE), the objective of this work was to perform a systematic review of the literature published over the last five years on the self-assessment of PE students in formal education contexts. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to select the articles. A total of three researchers independently applied the above criteria and obtained a total of thirteen studies. After synthesising the results by category, we found that: a majority of the studies were conducted in Europe; all 13 studies covered the educational stages of either secondary or higher education; an even number of qualitative and quantitative approaches were distributed among the studies; some studies focused on specific sports or contents, while others were applicable to any subject; and, finally, depending on the research design adopted, the results described self-assessment strategy processes, improvements in learning, drew descriptive portraits of students regarding health, or reflected students' positive perceptions of self-assessment. It is necessary to conduct further studies on PE students' self-assessment, especially in primary education.
Topics: Europe; Humans; Learning; Physical Education and Training; Self-Assessment; Students
PubMed: 33477483
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020766 -
The association of personality traits with childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of Affective Disorders Nov 2023A growing body of evidence has revealed an association between personality traits and obesity, but the findings regarding this association among children remain mixed.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
A growing body of evidence has revealed an association between personality traits and obesity, but the findings regarding this association among children remain mixed. The aim of this review was to systematically summarize the literature regarding the associations between personality traits and childhood obesity.
METHODS
The study has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022306529). We searched a total of 8 databases up to July 1, 2023, to identify both published studies and grey literature written in English. Personality traits were classified into five dimensions based on the widely used Five-Factor Model. We conducted random effects meta-analyses to quantitatively synthesize the data. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included studies.
RESULTS
A total of 7 studies were included. The pooled correlation coefficient of 2 studies was -0.09 (95 % CI: -0.17 to 0.00; I = 0 %) and the pooled standardized mean difference of 3 studies was -0.08 (95 % CI: -0.13 to -0.03; I = 66 %), indicating that conscientiousness was negatively associated with childhood obesity. No consistent patterns were found in the associations between the other 4 dimensions of personality traits and BMI/obesity in children.
LIMITATIONS
Our findings should be interpreted with caution due to the exclusion of non-English studies, the limited generalizability to Eastern population, and the scarcity body of evidence for present topic.
CONCLUSIONS
Low conscientiousness has been found to be consistently associated with childhood obesity. Causal associations of personality traits with the risk of childhood obesity remain to be clarified in future studies.
Topics: Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Databases, Factual; Personality
PubMed: 37597783
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.072