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Journal of Medicine and Life Jan 2023Measurements of blood cholinesterase (ChE) activities, including those of erythrocytes (EChE), plasma or serum (PChE), and whole blood (WBChE), are used to assess... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Measurements of blood cholinesterase (ChE) activities, including those of erythrocytes (EChE), plasma or serum (PChE), and whole blood (WBChE), are used to assess exposure to ChE-inhibiting pesticides. The purpose of this review was to report normal reference ChE activities in the blood of healthy adult humans, as determined by a modified electrometric method. We performed a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Single-group meta-analysis of means of PChE, EChE, and WBChE activities of adult healthy subjects was conducted using the random effects model. The programs used were Open-Meta Analyst and Meta-Essentials Version 1.5. Studies selected for analysis comprised 21, 19, and 4 reports of normal reference/baseline PChE, EChE, and WBChE activities in 690, 635, and 121 healthy adult males and/or females, respectively. The meta-analysis showed normal reference values of the means (effect sizes) with 95% CI of PChE, EChE, and WBChE activities of healthy adult subjects, which were 1.078 (1.015, 1.142), 1.075 (1.024, 1.125) and 1.331 (1.226, 1.436), respectively. By the subgroup analysis, heterogeneity (I2>89%) was considerably reduced in females to 4.4% and 30.1% for PChE and EChE, respectively. Funnel plots indicated no publication bias. However, Egger's regression confirmed the symmetry of the data points for PChE and WBChE activities with a significant effect on EChE. This meta-analysis showed normal reference values of PChE, EChE, and WBChE activities, measured by a modified electrometric method, in healthy adult humans.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Cholinesterases; Publication Bias
PubMed: 36873131
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2022-0215 -
Human & Experimental Toxicology 2022There are hereditary types of nephroblastoma or Wilms' tumor associated with exposure of the germ cells of either parent to harmful environmental factors. Some studies... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
There are hereditary types of nephroblastoma or Wilms' tumor associated with exposure of the germ cells of either parent to harmful environmental factors. Some studies have examined the exposure of compounds used pesticides and herbicides as a risk factor for Wilms' tumor.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out on case-control studies to establish the potential link between exposure to these organic molecules and Wilms' tumor occurrence in children rigorously. We examined the monographs on some organo-phosphate insecticides and herbicides issued by the International Association for the Research on Cancer (IARC) under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO). PUBMED, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar studies (1960-2021) were identified and systematically reviewed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Subgroup analyses were conducted after stratification for occupational versus residential exposure and before birth (prenatal) vs. after birth (postnatal) exposure. In addition, we revised the monographs on chemical compounds issued recently by the IARC/WHO.
RESULTS
Our findings seem to consolidate that parental pesticide exposure during the preconception or pregnancy period is correlated with an increased occurrence risk for Wilms' tumor. We confirm the validity of the WHO essays on certain organophosphate herbicides and insecticides, which support these compounds, may be highly relevant in future cancer prevention policies.
CONCLUSION
Parental exposure to pesticides, particularly in household settings, is poorly emphasized in our society. There is a strong association between these organophosphate compounds and pediatric cancer. Public health agencies may need to take stronger action than in the past.
Topics: Child; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Pesticides; Kidney Neoplasms; Insecticides; Wilms Tumor; Parents; World Health Organization; Herbicides; Organophosphates
PubMed: 36289056
DOI: 10.1177/09603271221136211 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jul 2022
RE: Hayes K, Megson D, Doyle A, O'Sullivan G. Occupational risk of organophosphates and other chemical and radiative exposure in the aircraft cabin: A systematic review. Sci Total Environ. 2021 Nov 20;796:148742. http://doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148742. Epub 2021 Jun 28. PMID: 34375198.
Topics: Aircraft; Occupational Exposure; Organophosphates; Radiation Exposure
PubMed: 35353981
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154718 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jul 2022
Reply to letter to the editor RE: Hayes K, Megson D., Doyle A, O'Sullivan G. Occupational risk of organophosphates and other chemical and radiative exposure in the aircraft cabin: A systematic review. Sci Total Environ. 2021 Nov 20;796:148742.
Topics: Aircraft; Organophosphates; Radiation Exposure
PubMed: 35589439
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155509 -
Chemosphere Jul 2023Organophosphate esters (OPEs), chemicals widely used in industrial production, electronics and domestic products, have become ubiquitous environmental contaminants. In...
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), chemicals widely used in industrial production, electronics and domestic products, have become ubiquitous environmental contaminants. In this study, the levels and spatial distribution of 11 OPEs (aryl, alkyl and halogenated) were investigated in over 100 samples of filter-feeding bivalves collected yearly between 2014 and 2021 at sites of contrasted pressure along the French coasts. OPEs were found in virtually all samples, indicating their widespread spatial and temporal occurrence in coastal bivalves and the relevance of their biomonitoring. The median concentrations were between 0.4 (TMPP) and 4.9 ng g dry weight (TCIPP), with TCIPP, TNBP and EHDPP found at the highest median values. TCEP and TBOEP were not frequently detected overall, but each year, the same sites showed repeatedly high concentrations. Structurally-related OPEs generally correlated, but the geographical distributions were not predictable from known anthropogenic pressures (population in the catchment area, industry), with little comparability with other hydrophobic contaminants. If the relation between sources of OPEs and bioaccumulated levels remains uncertain, local hotspots, rather than riverine/atmospheric transportation, could account for their geographical distribution. A systematic review of the levels of OPEs found in filter-feeding bivalves worldwide revealed comparable levels in our study with those reported elsewhere; however, the levels across and within (when available) studies generally spanned several orders of magnitude, indicating high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. In view of the growing concerns regarding OPEs, this study provides essential reference data for future studies of their occurrence on European coasts and supports the need for a more systematic (bio)monitoring of this class of contaminant.
Topics: Biological Monitoring; China; Environmental Monitoring; Esters; Flame Retardants; Organophosphates
PubMed: 37062393
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138702 -
The International Journal of... 2022To systematically review all clinical studies focusing on the clinical outcomes of zirconia restorations bonded to different types of tooth or implant abutments and to...
PURPOSE
To systematically review all clinical studies focusing on the clinical outcomes of zirconia restorations bonded to different types of tooth or implant abutments and to provide practical clinical guidelines.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A search was performed for English-language articles in dental journals published up to September 2020 using a combination of free-text words and MeSH terms. Studies were identified for review according to certain inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS
A total of 2,856 studies were identified, and 24 studies were finally included. The included studies featured different types of surface pretreatment methods, primers, resin cements, tooth and implant abutments, zirconia restorations, and designs. The relatively limited number of identified studies and the heterogeneity of the extracted data did not allow for meta-analysis.
CONCLUSION
Airborne-particle abrasion (APA) and tribochemical silica (TBS) APA surface pretreatment methods yielded positive clinical outcomes on zirconia/resin bonding to all types of tooth surfaces identified. Chemically activating the APA and the TBS APA zirconia surfaces with an MDP monomer-based primer, along with an MDP monomer or phosphoric ester monomer-based resin cement, seems to be a durable bonding protocol for all types of tooth surfaces identified. Skipping the surface pretreatment method step in the bonding protocol did not affect the clinical outcomes of certain types of zirconia restorations on most types of tooth or implant abutment surfaces identified. Type of resin cement seems to be a less influential factor.
Topics: Dental Bonding; Dental Implants; Esters; Humans; Materials Testing; Resin Cements; Silicon Dioxide; Zirconium
PubMed: 36125875
DOI: 10.11607/ijp.6871 -
Chemosphere Mar 2022Pesticide applications and the proximity of land use to water matrices have resulted in discharges of pollutants including Malathion -one of the most widely used... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Pesticide applications and the proximity of land use to water matrices have resulted in discharges of pollutants including Malathion -one of the most widely used organophosphorus pesticides- to water resources such as marine, freshwater, and under groundwater. Exposure to malathion through consumption of contaminated water may cause deleterious health effects on consumers. Determining the amount of pesticides used on farms can play an important role in preventing potential toxicity and pollution of nearby aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis is focused on evaluating the concentrations of Malathion in water resources while considering probabilistic health risk assessment. The international databases of Scopus, Embase, and PubMed were investigated to evaluate the related articles from January 01, 1968 to March 25, 2021. Thirty-four articles containing 206 samples from 15 countries were included. A meta-analysis of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessments for Malathion was also performed. To determine uncertainty intervals, a Monte-Carlo simulation was conducted. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the rankings of Malathion pollution (from the most to the least) were: drinking water > surface waters > groundwaters. Moreover, the results of the risk assessments confirm that there is no non-carcinogenic risk for any of the study areas. The carcinogenic risk assessment was within the limit for the countries under this study, except for Ethiopia that was slightly over the limit as well as Iran, and Mexico had high carcinogenic risk.
Topics: Drinking Water; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Malathion; Organophosphorus Compounds; Pesticides; Risk Assessment; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34742763
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132789 -
The Science of the Total Environment Feb 2022Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used as additives in various industries. They do not chemically bond with the polymeric structure of materials, so they can stay for a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used as additives in various industries. They do not chemically bond with the polymeric structure of materials, so they can stay for a long time and have a very adverse effect on the environment. To analyze the development of the prevalence and concentration of OPEs such as TCEP, TCPP, TDCP, TnBP, TPHP, TBOEP, TEHP, TMP, TCIPP, TDCIPP, TMPP, and TDBPP in water resources, a search between January 01, 2000, to April 08, 2021, was followed by a systematic review and meta-analysis. Among of the 888 articles scanned in the identity step, 58 articles containing 2676 samples, 10 countries, and 4 water types were included in the meta-analysis study. Among all studied OPEs, the concentration of TcrP, TCPP, TDCPP, and TnBP were at the top in water resources, with values >715 μg L and lowest average concentrations were obtained for TDBPP and TpeP with values <0.0004 μg L. The most polluted area in terms of the concentration of OPEs in water resources was China. Besides, data analysis showed that there only was carcinogenic risk for China. A Monte-Carlo simulation indicated that although these obtained averages are in the same order of magnitude as the acceptable limit, for both adults and children, 95% of the population is at risk.
Topics: Child; Esters; Humans; Organophosphates; Risk Assessment; Water; Water Resources
PubMed: 34627903
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150876 -
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi [Chinese... Oct 2020Organophosphate ester (OPEs) has been widely used as a substitute of brominated biphenyl ethers and other brominated flame retardant (BFRs), and their health effects and...
Organophosphate ester (OPEs) has been widely used as a substitute of brominated biphenyl ethers and other brominated flame retardant (BFRs), and their health effects and environmental impacts are widely concerned. This article systematically reviews the common types, metabolites, environmental occurrences, exposure pathways, levels, toxic effects and biomarkers of OPEs, in order to explore the relationships between OPEs exposures and biomarkers, to reveal the potential mechanisms of health effects, and to provide references and scientific basis for the health effects of OPEs exposure in China.
Topics: Biomarkers; China; Environmental Monitoring; Esters; Flame Retardants; Organophosphates
PubMed: 33115204
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20200611-00868 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Salivary gland dysfunction (e.g., sialadenitis and xerostomia) is the most common complication of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer...
INTRODUCTION
Salivary gland dysfunction (e.g., sialadenitis and xerostomia) is the most common complication of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Several methods have been used to reduce/prevent this adverse effect. We aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions in preventing RAI-induced salivary gland dysfunction in patients with DTC.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted, according to PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was registered (PROSPERO: CRD42022295229). PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched from inception to November 2021. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials of DTC patients who were older than 18 years and underwent RAI after thyroidectomy in which at least one studied group received an intervention to prevent salivary gland dysfunction.
RESULTS
Twelve studies (a total of 667 participants) were included. Among DTC patients who were treated with RAI, nonpharmacological treatment such as parotid gland massage and aromatherapy ameliorated salivary gland dysfunction. Antioxidants such as vitamin E and selenium demonstrated radioprotective effects on the salivary gland, while other antioxidants did not show radioprotective benefits. Vitamin C showed no significant effects on preventing salivary gland dysfunction. Amifostine had inconsistent outcomes among studies. Among cholinergic agonists, pilocarpine did not demonstrate the radioprotective effect on parotid glands, while bethanechol lowered salivary gland dysfunction. However, the negative results from pilocarpine may be explained by the strong sialorrheic effect of the Cincinnati regimen in both study arms.
CONCLUSION
Among non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods, parotid gland massage, aromatherapy, vitamin E, selenium, amifostine, and bethanechol may have benefits in minimizing RAI-induced salivary gland dysfunction in patients with DTC. The results are limited by a small number of patients and should be confirmed in future larger randomized controlled trials.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=295229, PROSPERO, identifier CRD42022295229.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Amifostine; Bethanechol; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Pilocarpine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Salivary Glands; Selenium; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vitamin E
PubMed: 36105397
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.960265