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Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Jun 2021SARS-CoV-2, which causes the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), presents high rates of morbidity and mortality around the world. The search to eliminate SARS-CoV-2 is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
SARS-CoV-2, which causes the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), presents high rates of morbidity and mortality around the world. The search to eliminate SARS-CoV-2 is ongoing and urgent. This systematic review seeks to assess whether photodynamic therapy (PDT) could be effective in SARS-CoV-2 inactivation.
METHODS
The focus question was: Can photodynamic therapy be used as potential guidance for dealing with SARS-CoV-2?". A literature search, according to PRISMA statements, was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, and Google Scholar. Studies published from January 2004 to June 2020 were analyzed. In vitro and in vivo studies were included that evaluated the effect of PDT mediated by several photosensitizers on RNA and DNA enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.
RESULTS
From 27 selected manuscripts, 26 publications used in vitro studies, 24 were exclusively in vitro, and two had in vitro/in vivo parts. Only one analyzed publication was exclusively in vivo. Meta-analysis studies were unfeasible due to heterogeneity of the data. The risk of bias was analyzed in all studies.
CONCLUSION
The in vitro and in vivo studies selected in this systematic review indicated that PDT is capable of photoinactivating enveloped and non-enveloped DNA and RNA viruses, suggesting that PDT can potentially photoinactivate SARS-CoV-2.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; COVID-19; Humans; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33601001
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102221 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Jun 2023The present study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of the contemporary photoactivated disinfection methods on the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
The present study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of the contemporary photoactivated disinfection methods on the mechanical features and/or antimicrobial activity of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) dentures bases.
METHODS
THE FOCUSED RESEARCH QUESTION WAS: "What is the effect of contemporary photoactivated disinfection methods as compared to conventional disinfection protocols on the mechanical features and/or antimicrobial activity of PMMA dentures bases?". An electronic literature search was carried out by the author and a senior librarian specialized in health sciences on Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. In vitro investigations evaluating the antimicrobial and/or mechanical effects of photoactivated disinfectants as compared to conventional chemical disinfectants on the microbes formed on PMMA denture bases were included. Meta-analysis was performed for calculating the standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS
Four out of eight studies concluded that photoactivated disinfectants, including riboflavin-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT), hematoporphyrin-mediated PDT, poly-l-glycolic acid loaded with methylene blue, Erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser, erbium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser, and chitosan-mediated PDT, demonstrated a significant reduction in colony-forming unit per milliliter (CFU/mL) of exposed viable colonies of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) comparable to the conventionally used chemical disinfectants of PMMA denture bases. Contrarily, two studies concluded that the PMMA denture base colonized with C. albicans and disinfected with conventional chemical disinfectants showed the greatest anti-fungal efficaciousness. All the included studies concluded that the application of photoactivated disinfectants does not negatively impact the mechanical features of the PMMA denture bases colonized with microbes including E. coli, S. mutans, S. aureus, and C. albicans. The meta-analysis revealed statistically significant reduction in C. albicans counts (CFU/mL [Log10]) (p < 0.00001) and improvement in the flexural strength (p = 0.0002) of PMMA-based denture base after the application of conventional disinfectants, while a statistically significant improvement in the fracture strength of PMMA-based denture base was observed after the application of photoactivated disinfectants (p = 0.03).
CONCLUSION
According to the systematic review (qualitative synthesis), photoactivated disinfectants demonstrated comparable mechanical features and antimicrobial activity of PMMA dentures bases to conventional chemical disinfectants suggesting their potential to be utilized as an alternative to conventional chemical disinfectants. However, the meta-analysis (quantitative synthesis) revealed that the application of conventional disinfectants demonstrated better outcomes related to antimicrobial activity and flexural strength of PMMA-based denture based.
Topics: Polymethyl Methacrylate; Disinfection; Denture Bases; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Erbium; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Disinfectants; Materials Testing; Candida albicans
PubMed: 36958538
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103523 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Apr 2023Periodontal disease and diabetes have an extensively investigated bidirectional correlation. Non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) was proven to contribute to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
Periodontal disease and diabetes have an extensively investigated bidirectional correlation. Non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) was proven to contribute to glycemic control. Moreover, it may benefit from the association of adjunctive therapies. The aim of the present systematic review is to assess the clinical efficacy of NSPT in association with laser (LT) or photodynamic therapy (PDT) in controlled or uncontrolled diabetic patients, and to grade the level of evidence.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Randomized controlled clinical trials with at least 3-month follow-up were searched in MEDLINE via OVID, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central, screened for inclusion, and grouped based on the performed treatments, follow-up time, type of diabetes, and level of glycemic control.
RESULTS
Eleven RCTs with 504 total subjects were included. The adjunct of PDT showed a statistically significant 6-month difference in PD changes (with low certainty of evidence), but not in CAL changes, while a significant difference in 3-month PD and CAL changes was found with the adjunct of LT (low certainty of evidence). Patients treated with PDT registered a higher decrease in HbA1c levels at 3 months, but no significant difference was noted at 6 months; LT also led to better HbA1c changes at 3 months with a moderate certainty of evidence.
CONCLUSION
Despite the promising short-term HbA1c decrease, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the small effect sizes and the statistical heterogeneity, and further evidence from well-designed RCTs is needed to support the routine use of PDT or LT in adjunct to NSPT.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Periodontitis; Periodontal Diseases; Photochemotherapy; Chronic Periodontitis; Dental Scaling
PubMed: 36849595
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04873-y -
Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and... May 2022This systematic review aims to analyze the effectiveness of the association of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photobiomodulation (PBM) in the treatment of recurrent... (Review)
Review
This systematic review aims to analyze the effectiveness of the association of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photobiomodulation (PBM) in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis and to analyze the very many variables of parameters applied, number of sessions, photosensitizer concentration, and the timing of the intervention to offer clinicians an indication of the most likely optimal techniques and parameters required to achieve clinical success. This study was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses PRISMA Checklist and registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). We searched and identified articles of the subsequent bibliographic databases: PubMed and Cochrane. Since there are no clinical trials regarding the association of PDT and PBM in the treatment of herpes labialis, we only included case reports in our review. All studies used methylene blue solution as the photosensitizer and the laser (diode laser or low-power laser) with a wavelength of 660 nm as the light source. Power output, power density, number of irradiation points, number of PBM sessions, and irradiation duration varied between the included studies. Despite the diversity in parameters between studies, all case reports showed good results regarding relieving symptoms, accelerating healing, as well as reducing the incidence of recurrence without side effects. The association of PDT in the vesicular phase and PBM in the crust phase can be considered a promising solution for recurrent labial herpes. Despite the many successful cases reported, establishing an effective clinical protocol for the treatment of herpes labialis using PDT followed by PBM will only be possible through double-blind placebo studies that would elucidate the exact action of this treatment modality, the appropriate irradiation parameters for both therapies, optimal timing, and number of PBM sessions following PDT. This review has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under number CRD42021290757.
Topics: Herpes Labialis; Humans; Lasers, Semiconductor; Low-Level Light Therapy; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 35483089
DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0186 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Dec 2022Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive malignant bone tumour with high mortality. A poor prognosis is noted in patients with distal metastases or multidrug resistance. As an... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive malignant bone tumour with high mortality. A poor prognosis is noted in patients with distal metastases or multidrug resistance. As an emerging antitumor strategy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by visible and near infrared light has attracted intensive attention given its target selectivity, remote controllability, minimal or non-invasive features. However, PDT also has obvious limitations. Specifically, due to the limited penetration of light, it is mainly used in the clinical treatment of superficial malignant tumours, such as musculoskeletal sarcomas and melanoma, but it has not been applied to the clinical treatment of deep malignant bone tumours except for a very small number of experiments on deep canine OS models.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We searched for studies that focused on the effectiveness and safety of PDT for OS based on in vitro experiments and animal models in the last decade. A systematic search was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Library.
INCLUSION CRITERIA
(1) original research articles about PDT for OS; (2) articles in English; (3) in vitro or animal model research; and (4) detailed information, including cell name, fluence, irradiation wavelength, time of incubation with PS, duration between PS treatment and irradiation, and duration between irradiation and viability assays.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
(1) study was a review/systemic review article, patent, letter, or conference abstract/paper; (2) articles were not published in English; (3) studies containing overlapping or insufficient data.
RESULTS
We identified 201 publications, and 44 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the synthesis. Unfortunately, there are no relevant clinical reports of the use of PDT in the treatment of human OS. In these studies, 8 studies only employed in vivo experiments to evaluate the efficiency of PDT in an OS animal model, 19 studies exclusively performed in vitro viability assays of cells treated with PDT under different conditions, and 17 studies included in vitro cell experiments and in vivo animal OS models to evaluate the effect of PDT on OS in vivo and in vitro. All studies have shown that PDT is cytotoxic to OS cells or can inhibit the growth of OS in heterologous or homologous animal OS models but exhibits minimal cytotoxicity at a certain range of dosages.
CONCLUSION
Based on this systematic review, PDT can eradicate OS cells in cell culture and there is some evidence for efficacy in animal models. However, the ability for PDT to control human OS is unclear, the animal and human reports do not show evidence of human OS control, they just do show feasibility. The major issues concerning the potential for treatment of osteosarcoma with PDT are that adequate light should be transmitted to tumor loci and if the disease is caught before metastasis and irradiation of tumor sites is feasible, curative potential is there. Otherwise, PDT may be mainly palliative. To determine whether PDT can safely and efficiently be used in the clinical treatment of OS, many preclinical orthotopic animal OS models and OS models of multiple systemic metastases must be performed and interstitial PDT or intraoperative PDT may be a good and potential candidate for human OS treatment. If these problems can be well solved, PDT may be a potentially effective strategy for the treatment of OS patients.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Dogs; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Osteosarcoma; Bone Neoplasms; Models, Animal; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 36031143
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103093 -
Prostate International Sep 2019Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging focal treatment modality for prostate cancer. However, the efficacy, safety, and functional outcomes of PDT are not clear. We... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging focal treatment modality for prostate cancer. However, the efficacy, safety, and functional outcomes of PDT are not clear. We performed a meta-analysis of available single-arm studies and control trials which used PDT for prostate cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We searched Pubmed, Embase, Ovid and the Cochrane library (until March,2018) for studies about PDT in patients with prostate cancer. The negative biopsy rate after PDT, PSA decreasing rate, pooled rate of functional outcome (IPSS or IIEF-5), and adverse events were analyzed.
RESULTS
14 studies containing 654 patients were included. Nine of the 14 included studies had evaluated a negative biopsy rate after PDT. The pooled rate was 55.0% (95.0% CI: 0.44-0.66, I = 85.7%). Twelve of the 14 included studies which evaluated PSA decreasing rate with the pooled rate of 35.0% (95.0% CI: 0.24-0.47, I = 88.7%). Six of the included studies evaluated IPSS with decreasing rate of 29.1% (95.0 % CI: 2.7%-55.5%, I = 96.9%). Five of the included studies evaluated IIEF-5 with decreasing rate of 14.9% (95.0% CI: 6.8%-23.0%, I = 44.2%). The most common adverse events were haematuria (28.1%, 95.0% CI: 17.1%-39.2%, I = 79.8%), erectile dysfunction (23.1%, 95.0% CI: 9.7%-36.5%, I = 87.7%), and dysuria (18.6%, 95.0% CI: 12.1%-25.0 %, I = 53.4 %).
CONCLUSIONS
The meta-analysis results shows that PDT for patients with prostate cancer can be considered as effective based on single-arm clinical trials. Meanwhile, this study reveals that there are not only low levels of side effect rates but also insignificant effect on both urinary and erectile function. However, more high-quality RCTs are needed to evaluate the comparative efficacy, safety, and functional outcomes of PDT for patients with prostate cancer.
PubMed: 31485431
DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2018.12.002 -
Journal of the American Podiatric... 2023Onychomycosis is the most common nail disorder, with a global prevalence of approximately 5.5%. It is difficult to cure on both short-term and long-term bases. The most...
Onychomycosis is the most common nail disorder, with a global prevalence of approximately 5.5%. It is difficult to cure on both short-term and long-term bases. The most common treatments include the use of oral or topical antifungals. Recurrent infections are common, and the use of systemic oral antifungals raises concerns of hepatotoxicity and drug-drug interactions, particularly in patients with polypharmacy. A number of device-based treatments have been developed for onychomycosis treatment, to either directly treat fungal infection or act as adjuvants to increase the efficacy of topical and oral agents. These device-based treatments have been increasing in popularity over the past several years, and include photodynamic therapy, iontophoresis, plasma, microwaves, ultrasound, nail drilling, and lasers. Some, such as photodynamic therapy, provide more direct treatment, whereas others, such as ultrasound and nail drilling, aid the uptake of traditional antifungals. We conducted a systematic literature search investigating the efficacy of these device-based treatment methods. From an initial result of 841 studies, 26 were deemed relevant to the use of device-based treatments of onychomycosis. This review examines these methods and provides insight into the state of clinical research for each. Many device-based treatments show promising results, but require more research to assess their true impact on onychomycosis.
Topics: Humans; Onychomycosis; Antifungal Agents; Nails; Photochemotherapy; Administration, Topical
PubMed: 36905611
DOI: 10.7547/21-240 -
Graefe's Archive For Clinical and... Sep 2023The success of corneal collagen cross-linking in altering keratoconus' clinical course has driven a search for further uses of this procedure. This literature review...
PURPOSE
The success of corneal collagen cross-linking in altering keratoconus' clinical course has driven a search for further uses of this procedure. This literature review aims to analyze the scientific evidence available for the benefit of cross-linking in the management of ophthalmic diseases other than progressive keratoconus or ectasia induced by corneal refractive procedures.
METHODS
A systemic literature review.
RESULTS
We reviewed 97 studies. We found that collagen cross-linking can limit the progression of several other corneal ectasias, thus reducing and limiting the need for keratoplasty. Collagen cross-linking also can reduce the refractive power of the cornea and can be considered for a moderate degree of bacterial keratitis or when the organism is unidentified, which is refractive to antibiotics alone. However, the comparative rarity of these procedures has limited the extent of evidence. In fungal, Acanthamoeba, and herpes virus keratitis, the evidence is inconclusive of the safety and efficacy of cross-linking.
CONCLUSION
Current clinical data is limited, and laboratory data has not fully correlated with published clinical data.
Topics: Humans; Collagen; Corneal Cross-Linking; Cross-Linking Reagents; Keratitis, Herpetic; Keratoconus; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Riboflavin; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 36881260
DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-05994-6 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Mar 2020Treatment options for hidradenitis suppurativa include light-based therapy. This systematic review aimed to update our understanding of the efficacy, effectiveness and...
Treatment options for hidradenitis suppurativa include light-based therapy. This systematic review aimed to update our understanding of the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of these treatments for hidradenitis suppurativa by evaluating the literature published since the 2015 Cochrane review on this topic. We conducted an electronic search of the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, University of York Centre for Reviews and Dissemination database, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Skin Register, University of Nottingham's Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology database, and TESEO. The systematic review included 6 case series, 3 systematic reviews, and 2 clinical trials on the use of conventional and intralesional photodynamic therapy, intense pulsed light therapy, and Nd:YAG, carbon dioxide, and diode laser therapy for hidradenitis suppurative in 248 patients.
Topics: Adult; Female; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Intense Pulsed Light Therapy; Laser Therapy; Lasers, Gas; Male; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Photochemotherapy; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 31870491
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2019.04.008 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2022Considering the challenges related to antimicrobial resistance, other strategies for controlling infections have been suggested, such as antimicrobial photodynamic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Considering the challenges related to antimicrobial resistance, other strategies for controlling infections have been suggested, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and antimicrobial peptides (AMP). This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to obtain evidence on the antimicrobial effectiveness of aPDT associated with AMP and establish in vitro knowledge on this topic for further study designs. The PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scielo, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Two independent and calibrated researchers (Kappa = 0.88) performed all the systematic steps according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The odds ratio (OR) was used as the effect measure. The Peto method was used to perform the meta-analysis due to the sparse data. Twenty studies were included in the present review. The result was significant (OR = 0.14/ = 0.0235/I-squared = 0%), showing better outcomes of aPDT associated with peptides than those of aPDT alone for controlling the microbial load. Only 20% of the studies included evaluated this approach in a biofilm culture. Combined treatment with aPDT and AMP highly increased the ability of microbial reduction of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. However, additional blind studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of this therapy on microbial biofilms.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimicrobial Peptides; Biofilms; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 35328647
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063226