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Waste Management (New York, N.Y.) May 2021Informal waste picking is a common way for people to earn an income, especially in low-income countries; unfortunately, there are various occupational hazards and health... (Review)
Review
Informal waste picking is a common way for people to earn an income, especially in low-income countries; unfortunately, there are various occupational hazards and health outcomes associated with waste picking. This study focused on comprehensively identifying and exploring occupational hazards and health outcomes associated with informal waste picking. A systematic review of available relevant and peer-reviewed literature was completed to exhaustively analyze the full scope of these hazards and outcomes associated with informal waste picking; 58 papers were included. The results from this study provided insight and information related to the most common occupational hazards and negative health outcomes associated with informal waste pickers outlined in available literature. The most common reported occupational hazards were physical (77.6%), social (70.7%), biological (65.5%), chemical and safety (53.4%), ergonomic (34.5%) and mechanic (25.9%). Health outcomes appeared to include epidermal (50.0%), communicable disease (46.6%), musculoskeletal (44.8%), respiratory disease (41.4%), non-communicable diseases (39.7%), physiological (34.5%), gastrointestinal (31.0%) and waterborne diseases (17.2%). Physical hazards were often associated with slips, trips, and falls, which makes sense because of the unstable environment where waste pickers work. Health outcomes related to these hazards included bruises, cuts, and lacerations. This information also aligns with health outcomes, as epidermal outcomes were most reported in waste pickers (50.0% of data). It is clear that moving forward, additional research related to these occupational hazards and health outcomes associated with informal waste picking is needed to help create change in this affected population, as well as finding effective solutions to mitigate these hazards and outcomes. These hazards can be mitigated by simple, common control measures, like providing safety equipment, reducing hazards from the outside environment (e.g., less time in sun, breaks, etc.), and placing barriers between waste pickers and the hazards (e.g., covered stations, flat ground, etc.) or more complex engineering, administrative or work controls. Because of the breadth of health problems faced by workers, more research is needed to correctly assess health outcomes (e.g. use of health practitioners) in waste pickers across time to ensure accurate data and a focused answer to the far-reaching problem.
Topics: Humans; Income; Occupational Health; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Recycling; Refuse Disposal
PubMed: 33794442
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.03.006 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023The COVID-19 pandemic due to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been plaguing the world since late 2019/early 2020 and has changed the... (Review)
Review
The COVID-19 pandemic due to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been plaguing the world since late 2019/early 2020 and has changed the way we function as a society, halting both economic and social activities worldwide. Classrooms, offices, restaurants, public transport, and other enclosed spaces that typically gather large groups of people indoors, and are considered focal points for the spread of the virus. For society to be able to go "back to normal", it is crucial to keep these places open and functioning. An understanding of the transmission modes occurring in these contexts is essential to set up effective infection control strategies. This understanding was made using a systematic review, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. We analyze the different parameters influencing airborne transmission indoors, the mathematical models proposed to understand it, and discuss how we can act on these parameters. Methods to judge infection risks through the analysis of the indoor air quality are described. Various mitigation measures are listed, and their efficiency, feasibility, and acceptability are ranked by a panel of experts in the field. Thus, effective ventilation procedures controlled by CO-monitoring, continued mask wearing, and a strategic control of room occupancy, among other measures, are put forth to enable a safe return to these essential places.
PubMed: 36986304
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030382 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... Jul 2023This research aimed to analyze scientific information regarding the prevalence of generic and pathogenic E. coli in the production and supply chain of pork meat,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This research aimed to analyze scientific information regarding the prevalence of generic and pathogenic E. coli in the production and supply chain of pork meat, considering different types of samples, places of sampling, and pathotypes using a systematic review and meta-analysis tools. The meta-analysis for the prevalence of generic and pathogenic E. coli was conducted by estimating the effects within subgroups. Data subsets were analyzed using the DerSimonian-Laird method for binary random effects. The average prevalence of generic E. coli in different types of pork meat samples was determined to be 35.6% (95% CI 19.3-51.8), with no significant differences observed between pork meat and carcasses. Conversely, the average prevalence of E. coli pathotypes in samples related to the supply chain of pork meat was found to be 4.7% (95% CI 3.7-5.7). In conclusion, these findings suggest the possibility of establishing an objective threshold for E. coli prevalence as a benchmark for comparison within the meat industry. By utilizing this data, it becomes possible to propose a standardized limit that can serve as a reference point for evaluating and improving processes in the industry.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Escherichia coli; Red Meat; Pork Meat; Prevalence; Meat; Food Microbiology
PubMed: 37428340
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03687-0 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2024: The present systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate and compare the long-term clinical outcomes of immediate implants placed into fresh sockets... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Comparative Study Review
: The present systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate and compare the long-term clinical outcomes of immediate implants placed into fresh sockets with and without periapical pathology. : After the search and review of the literature in the electronic databases, 109 publications were achieved. The titles and abstracts of 66 publications were screened. After the evaluation of the full text of 22 publications, based on the inclusion criteria, six controlled clinical studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The statistical calculation showed no heterogeneity among the studies included. The implant survival was 99.6% in the test (socket with periapical pathology) and control (socket without periapical pathology) groups of all the clinical trials. The results of the meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference between test and control groups regarding the marginal bone level and the width of keratinized mucosa in all the studies. Other parameters indicating plaque level, bleeding on probing, and gingival recession also did not differ between test and control groups at the final follow-up in nearly all studies. : Within the limitation of this systemic review and meta-analysis, the obtained data suggest that implants immediately placed into the extraction sockets of teeth exhibiting periapical pathology can be successfully osseointegrated for an extended period.
Topics: Humans; Tooth Socket; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Immediate Dental Implant Loading
PubMed: 38929509
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060893 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Jan 2022Osseodensification, a counterclockwise drilling technique for the placement of endosseous implants is a popular clinical technique. However, the effect of the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Biomechanical and histomorphometric analysis of endosteal implants placed by using the osseodensification technique in animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Osseodensification, a counterclockwise drilling technique for the placement of endosseous implants is a popular clinical technique. However, the effect of the osseodensification technique on primary implant stability, bone-implant contact, and bone area frequency occupancy is unclear.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the biomechanical and histomorphometric outcomes of endosteal implants placed by using the osseodensification technique in animal models.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
An electronic search through Medline/PubMed, Lilacs, and Science Direct databases, and an additional manual search of the reference list of included articles was conducted by using specific keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms for articles in the English language and published up to April 31, 2020. Only animal studies comparing the biomechanical and histomorphometric outcomes of endosteal implants placed by using the osseodensification and conventional drilling protocol were included. The SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool was used to determine the risk of bias assessment, and the quality of included studies was assessed by using Animal Research: Reporting in Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines.
RESULTS
Nine studies were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the pooled weighted mean difference of the insertion torque value for the primary implant stability of endosseous dental implants placed by using the osseodensification technique was 2.270 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.147 to 3.393; P<.001), the weighted mean difference of the percentage of bone-implant contact at 3 weeks was 0.487 (95% CI=0.220 to 0.754; P=.114), the weighted mean difference of the percentage of bone-implant contact at 6 weeks was 0.565 (95% CI=0.219 to 0.911; P=.448), the weighted mean difference of the percentage of bone area frequency occupancy at 3 weeks was 0.679 (95% CI=0.265 to 1.093; P=.073), and the weighted mean difference of the percentage of bone area frequency occupancy at 6 weeks was 0.391 (95% CI=-0.204 to 0.986; P=.027).
CONCLUSIONS
Limited data from animal studies suggest that the primary implant stability, bone-implant contact, and bone area frequency occupancy significantly improved for the endosteal implants placed by using the osseodensification technique compared with conventional drilling protocol. However, additional laboratory and clinical studies are recommended to provide stronger evidence.
Topics: Animals; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Osseointegration; Osteotomy; Torque
PubMed: 33139057
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.07.004 -
Health & Place Sep 2023The objective of this study was to systematically review the available empirical evidence examining associations between preterm birth (PTB) and five domains of... (Review)
Review
The objective of this study was to systematically review the available empirical evidence examining associations between preterm birth (PTB) and five domains of place-based contextual social and environmental determinants, including (1) physical environment, (2) residential greenness, (3) neighborhood violence/crime, (4) food accessibility and availability, and (5) health services accessibility, among adult mothers in high-income countries. The evidence in this review suggests an adverse association between damaged physical environment, neighborhood violence/crime, lack of health services accessibility, and PTB. The existing evidence also suggests a beneficial effect of residential greenness on PTB. Further studies are needed to investigate these associations for more understanding of the direction and magnitude of these association and for potential heterogeneity by factors such as race/ethnicity, urban vs rural residence, immigration status, and social class.
Topics: Adult; Female; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Premature Birth; Mothers; Residence Characteristics; Environment; Income
PubMed: 37473634
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103082 -
Palliative & Supportive Care Aug 2021To determine the impact of palliative care (PC) on end-of-life (EoL) care and the place of death (PoD) in children, adolescents, and young adults with life-limiting...
OBJECTIVE
To determine the impact of palliative care (PC) on end-of-life (EoL) care and the place of death (PoD) in children, adolescents, and young adults with life-limiting conditions.
METHOD
Eight online databases (PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Airiti, GARUDA Garba Rujukan Digital, and OpenGrey) from 2010 to February 5, 2020 were searched for studies investigating EoL care and the PoD for pediatric patients receiving and not receiving PC.
RESULTS
Of the 6,468 citations identified, 14 cohort studies and one case series were included. An evidence base of mainly adequate- and strong-quality studies shows that inpatient hospital PC, either with or without the provision of home and community PC, was found to be associated with a decrease in intensive care use and high-intensity EoL care. Conflicting evidence was found for the association between PC and hospital admissions, length of stay in hospital, resuscitation at the time of death, and the proportion of hospital and home deaths.
SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS
Current evidence suggests that specialist, multidisciplinary involvement, and continuity of PC are required to reduce the intensity of EoL care. Careful attention should be paid to the need for a longer length of stay in a medical setting late in life, and earlier EoL care discussion should take place with patients/caregivers, especially in regard to attempting resuscitation in toddlers, adolescents, and the young adult population. A lack of robust evidence has identified a gap in rigorous multisite prospective studies utilizing data collection.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Hospice Care; Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing; Humans; Palliative Care; Prospective Studies; Terminal Care; Young Adult
PubMed: 33478607
DOI: 10.1017/S1478951520001455 -
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Aug 2023External ventricular drains (EVDs) are used to monitor and treat elevated intracranial pressure. EVDs are often placed blindly without the use of imaging guidance, and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
External ventricular drains (EVDs) are used to monitor and treat elevated intracranial pressure. EVDs are often placed blindly without the use of imaging guidance, and successful placement with respect to pass attempts and final catheter location may suffer as a result of this freehand technique.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases to identify studies pertaining to freehand EVD placement through March 30, 2022. Studies were included if they reported percentage of EVDs placed successfully on the first pass attempt, or final catheter location as defined by the Kakarla Grading System. Pooled weighted incidence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated using a random effects model.
RESULTS
Of the 2964 results returned from the literature search, 39 studies were included in this meta-analysis. These studies reported on 6313 EVDs placed via freehand technique in 6070 patients with the following respective incidence: successful EVD placement on the first attempt (78%, 95%CI: 67-86%); placement with a Kakarla Grade of 1 (optimal location) (72%, 95%CI: 66-77%); hemorrhage (7%, 95%CI: 6-10%), and infection (5%, 95%CI: 3-8%).
CONCLUSIONS
Only 78% of EVDs in this meta-analysis were placed successfully on the first pass, and only 72% of final placements were deemed optimal. This represents a relatively high rate of suboptimal outcomes with respect to EVD placement, which could potentially be avoided with the use of navigation-assisted placement techniques.
Topics: Humans; Ventriculostomy; Drainage; Intracranial Hypertension; Catheters; Databases, Factual; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37399698
DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107852 -
Interactive Journal of Medical Research Oct 2022Multifaceted school-based interventions involving many stakeholders show promise toward the reduction of sedentary behavior (SB) and improved musculoskeletal conditions... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Multifaceted school-based interventions involving many stakeholders show promise toward the reduction of sedentary behavior (SB) and improved musculoskeletal conditions in schoolchildren. In resource-limited contexts, where schools face multiple, complex demands, broad school-based interventions may not be possible. In these settings, less complex, resource-efficient interventions are more likely to be adopted and implemented. Interventions that are limited to classrooms and that do not require broader stakeholder participation may be more appropriate to lower-resource settings.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to systematically search for, identify, and summarize the literature on the effectiveness of classroom-based interventions on SB and spinal health in schoolchildren.
METHODS
PubMed, EBSCOhost CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched between January 1, 2021, and April 30, 2021. We included experimental studies conducted exclusively in school classrooms that objectively measured classroom SB and spinal health. The search terms related to SB, classroom sitting, and classroom neck and back pain. Studies that reported on objectively measured classroom physical activity and instrumented observation of healthy spinal behavior were included in the review. The included studies were critically appraised using the McMaster critical review form for quantitative studies. The study findings were summarized in tables, and a meta-analysis of homogeneous review outcome data was conducted.
RESULTS
Overall, 12 experimental studies from high-income countries were included: 9 (75%) studies focused on SB, and 3 (25%) focused on spinal health. Of the 9 SB studies, 8 (89%) reported decreases in classroom sitting time. The pooled medium-term effects of a subset of SB interventions showed statistically significant decreases in sitting time (P=.03), whereas short-term effects and long-term effects were not significantly reduced (P=.13 and P=.23, respectively). A meta-analysis of spinal health studies demonstrated statistically significant improvements in spinal behavior during functional tasks (P=.005).
CONCLUSIONS
Classroom-based interventions aimed at reducing SB and improving spinal health may be effective without placing an additional burden on teachers and parents. SB interventions must include strategies to overcome teachers' and learners' hedonic motivation to sit during class time. Standardized outcomes for school-based SB are encouraged so that findings from various settings may be pooled to determine the overall effect across studies. The use of standardized functional outcomes in spinal health studies will aid in determining the effectiveness of spinal health interventions across studies.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020176080; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020176080.
PubMed: 36287590
DOI: 10.2196/39006 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Apr 2024Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the postpartum period. Depression can decrease self-efficacy in breastfeeding by reducing the mother's... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the postpartum period. Depression can decrease self-efficacy in breastfeeding by reducing the mother's self-confidence. Considering the conflicting results regarding the relationship between postpartum depression and breastfeeding self-efficacy, this systematic review was conducted to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and postpartum depression.
METHOD
In this systematic review, published articles in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched using English keywords "Self-efficacy, breastfeeding, breastfeeding Self-efficacy, depression, postpartum depression" without publication date limit. Data analysis was done with employing STATA14 software. Heterogeneity was assessed using I index which was 0%. Therefore, the fixed effects method was used to combine the data and perform meta-analysis.
RESULT
The results of the meta-analysis showed that based on the fixed effect method, depression was associated with decreased breastfeeding self-efficacy on the first day (SMD = 0.62, 95%CI: -0.830, -0.41, p = 0.0001) and on the third day (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI: -0.55,1.14, p = 0.0001). The Begg and Manzumdar test revealed no publication bias, with p = 0.317.
CONCLUSION
Postpartum depression may be associated with a decrease in the mother's breastfeeding self-efficacy and placing mother in a condition to pay low attention to her maternal role. Therefore, healthcare providers should provide adequate support according to the needs of mothers and develop diagnostic and treatment protocols to improve the level of maternal health.
Topics: Female; Humans; Depression, Postpartum; Self Efficacy; Breast Feeding; Mothers; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 38609849
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06465-4