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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Some studies have reported that the topical forms with aminophylline as the active ingredient appear to be relatively effective on local fat burning while having...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Some studies have reported that the topical forms with aminophylline as the active ingredient appear to be relatively effective on local fat burning while having no/minimal side effects. This systematic review accumulates all of the data on the local fat-burning potency of aminophylline topical formulation.
METHODS
Documents were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases until Aug 2022. Data were extracted from clinical trials reporting the reduction in thigh or waist circumference as a result of using topical forms containing aminophylline. Screening of included studies was performed independently by two authors and the quality assessment of included studies was performed based on the Cochrane Collaboration's approach.
RESULTS
Of the 802 initial studies, 5 studies were included in the systematic review. Several concentrations of aminophylline were used in different studies. Most studies administred the topical formulation on participants' one thigh, and the other thigh was considered to be the control for comparing the fat reduction amount. Except for one study, all other studies reported that all participants lost more fat on the treated area than the control groups. The amount of fat reduction differed in studies regarding their different aminophylline concentrations and administration routines. In the case of side effects, except for some studies reporting skin rashes, other studies reported no significant side effects at all.
CONCLUSIONS
Aminophylline topical formulation offers a safe, effective, and much less invasive alternative to cosmetic surgery for localized fat reduction. It seems that the 0.5% concentration, administered five times a week for five weeks is the most potent concentration. However, more high-quality clinical trials are needed to verify this conclusion.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022353578.
Topics: Humans; Aminophylline; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Control Groups; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 36875487
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1087614 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Feb 2024The ideal contrast agent for imaging patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following locoregional therapies (LRT) remains uncertain. We conducted a meta-analysis... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Diagnostic performance of MRI for residual or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after locoregional treatment according to contrast agent type: a systematic review and meta‑analysis.
PURPOSE
The ideal contrast agent for imaging patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following locoregional therapies (LRT) remains uncertain. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging with extracellular contrast agent (ECA-MRI) and hepatobiliary agent (EOB-MRI) in detecting residual or recurrence HCC following LRT.
METHODS
Original studies comparing the diagnostic performance of ECA-MRI and EOB-MRI were systematically identified through comprehensive searches in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of ECA-MRI and EOB-MRI were calculated using a bivariate-random-effects model. Subgroup-analyses were conducted to compare the diagnostic performance of ECA-MRI and EOB-MRI according to different variables. Meta-regression analysis was employed to explore potential sources of study heterogeneity.
RESULTS
A total of 15 eligible studies encompassing 803 patients and 1018 lesions were included. Comparative analysis revealed no significant difference between ECA-MRI and EOB-MRI in the overall pooled sensitivity (87% vs. 79%) and specificity (92% vs. 96%) for the detection of residual or recurrent HCC after LRT (P = 0.41), with comparable areas under the HSROC of 0.95 and 0.92. Subgroup analyses indicated no significant diagnostic performance differences between ECA-MRI and EOB-MRI according to study design, type of LRT, most common etiology of liver disease, baseline lesion size, time of post-treated examination and MRI field strength (All P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
ECA-MRI exhibited overall comparable diagnostic performance to EOB-MRI in assessing residual or recurrent HCC after LRT.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Contrast Media; Liver Neoplasms; Gadolinium DTPA; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Sensitivity and Specificity; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38200213
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-04143-1 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2020Aging and the emergence of age-associated illnesses are one of the major challenges of our present society. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely associated with aging and...
Aging and the emergence of age-associated illnesses are one of the major challenges of our present society. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely associated with aging and is defined by increasing memory loss and severe dementia. Currently, there are no therapy options available that halt AD progression. This work investigates three hallmarks of the disease (autophagy, neuroinflammation, and senescence) and systematically analyzes if there is a beneficial effect from three substances derived from food sources, the so called "nutraceuticals" epigallocatechin gallate, fisetin, and spermidine, on these hallmarks. The results imply a positive outlook for the reviewed substances to qualify as a novel treatment option for AD. A combination of nutraceutical substances and other preventive measures could have significant clinical impact in a multi-layered therapy approach to counter AD.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Autophagy; Catechin; Cellular Senescence; Dietary Supplements; Flavonols; Humans; Inflammation; Spermidine
PubMed: 33353228
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246018 -
European Radiology Oct 2019To determine the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of gadobenate-enhanced MR imaging for the detection of liver metastases. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
To determine the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of gadobenate-enhanced MR imaging for the detection of liver metastases.
METHODS
This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search (EMBASE, PubMed) was performed to identify relevant articles up to December 2017. Studies eligible for inclusion were performed using appropriate methodology with complete verification by means of histopathology, intraoperative observation and/or follow-up, and sufficient information to permit determination of true-positive (TP), false-negative (FN), and false-positive (FP) values. Sources of bias were assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. An inverse variance-weighted random-effects model was used to obtain sensitivity and PPV estimates. Information was analyzed and presented using Cochran's Q statistic, funnel plots, and modified Deeks' analysis.
RESULTS
Ten articles (256 patients, 562 metastases) were included. Sensitivity estimates for pre-contrast (unenhanced) imaging, gadobenate-enhanced dynamic imaging, and combined unenhanced, dynamic, and delayed hepatobiliary phase imaging for detecting liver metastases on a per-lesion basis were 77.8% (95% CI 71.4-84.3%, 7 assessments), 88.1% (95% CI, 84.0-92.2%, 13 assessments), and 95.1% (95% CI 93.1-97.1%, 15 assessments), respectively. The addition of hepatobiliary phase images significantly improved the detection of liver metastases. The overall PPV was 90.9% (95% CI 86.6-95.1%, 11 assessments). Deeks' funnel analysis revealed no association between sample size and sensitivity (β = 0.02, p = 0.814) indicating no significant publication bias.
CONCLUSIONS
Gadobenate-enhanced MR imaging has high sensitivity and PPV for the detection of liver metastases on a per-lesion basis. The sensitivity and PPV for detection is comparable to reported values for the pure liver-specific agent gadoxetate.
KEY POINTS
• Gadobenate dimeglumine is a hepatobiliary MR contrast agent that permits acquisition of contrast-enhanced liver images during the immediate post-injection dynamic phase, like any extracellular agent, and in the delayed hepatobiliary phase, after specific uptake by the hepatocytes. • The hepatobiliary phase improves detection of liver metastases when compared either to pre-contrast unenhanced images alone or to pre-contrast + gadobenate-enhanced dynamic phase images. • The meta-analysis showed an overall sensitivity of 95.1% and PPV of 90.9% of gadobenate-enhanced MRI for the detection of metastases, when based on the evaluation of all available acquisitions.
Topics: Adult; Contrast Media; Female; Gadolinium DTPA; Humans; Image Enhancement; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 30915560
DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06110-1 -
Radiology Aug 2019Background Although nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) affects the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) in MRI, there continues to be limited knowledge...
Background Although nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) affects the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) in MRI, there continues to be limited knowledge because of the small number of patients with NSF. Purpose To perform a systematic review of NSF. Materials and Methods PubMed database was searched by using the term "Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis" from January 2000 to February 2019. Articles reporting details on individual patients with NSF diagnosis on the basis of both clinical presentations and biopsy confirmation were included. Data were pooled and authors were contacted for clarifications. Rates of NSF were compared through 2008 versus after 2008 and for group I versus group II GBCAs, assuming equal market share. Results Included were 639 patients from 173 articles. Data regarding sex were found for 295 men and 254 women. Age at NSF symptom onset was reported for 177 patients (mean, 49 years ± 16 [standard deviation]; age range, 6-87 years). There were 529 patients with documented exposure to GBCAs including gadodiamide ( = 307), gadopentetate dimeglumine ( = 49), gadoversetamide ( = 6), gadobutrol ( = 1), gadobenate dimeglumine ( = 1), multiple ( = 41), and unknown ( = 120). Among patients with previous exposure, only seven patients were administered GBCA after 2008, yielding a lower rate of NSF after 2008 ( < .001). There were motion limitations in 70.8% (296 of 418) of patients, indicating a more serious debilitation. Associated factors reported for NSF included exposure to GBCA group I ( < .001), dialysis, proinflammatory conditions, hyperphosphatemia, β-blockers, and epoetin. For 341 patients with follow-up, 12 patients were cured and 72 patients partially improved including one during pregnancy. Among those 84 patients reported as cured or improved, in 34 patients cure or improvement occurred after renal function restoration. Four deaths were attributed to NSF. Conclusion Although 639 patients with biopsy-confirmed nephrogenic systemic fibrosis were reported, only seven were after gadolinium-based contrast agent exposure after 2008, indicating that regulatory actions and practice changes have been effective preventive measures. Improvement and sometimes cure with renal function restoration are now possible. © RSNA, 2019 See also the editorial by Davenport in this issue.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy; Child; Contrast Media; Female; Gadolinium DTPA; Humans; Kidney; Male; Middle Aged; Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy; Organometallic Compounds; Young Adult
PubMed: 31264946
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019182916 -
Current Medical Imaging 2021While liver biopsy is the golden standard for liver-fibrosis diagnosis, it is also invasive and has many limitations. Non-invasive techniques such as Magnetic Resonance... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
While liver biopsy is the golden standard for liver-fibrosis diagnosis, it is also invasive and has many limitations. Non-invasive techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) need to be further developed for liver fibrosis staging. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Gadolinium Ethoxybenzyl Diethylenetriamine Penta-acetic Acid (Gd-EOBDTPA)- enhanced MRI for liver fibrosis through systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
This study comprehensively searched relevant article in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library published from 2004 to 2018 to find studies analyzing the diagnostic accuracy of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI for liver fibrosis. Two reviewers independently screened the retrieved articles, extracted the required data from the included studies, and evaluated the methodological quality of the studies. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and Summary Receiver Operating Characteristics (SROC) curve were assessed.
RESULTS
This study finally included 16 studies (n = 1,599) and selected a random-effects model based on the results of the I statistic to combine them. The areas under the SROC curve for the detection of F1 or greater, F2 or greater, F3 or greater, or F4 liver fibrosis were 0.8669, 0.8399, 0.8481, and 0.8858, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI showed a good diagnostic performance for staging liver fibrosis, especially for F4 liver fibrosis.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Contrast Media; Gadolinium; Gadolinium DTPA; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Polyamines; Rubiaceae; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 33256584
DOI: 10.2174/1573405616666201130101229 -
European Radiology Aug 2022The multiple arterial-phase (AP) technique was introduced for liver MRI, but it is not really known if multiple AP MRI (MA-MRI) improves image quality and lesion... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
The multiple arterial-phase (AP) technique was introduced for liver MRI, but it is not really known if multiple AP MRI (MA-MRI) improves image quality and lesion detection rate on gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI in comparison with single AP MRI (SA-MRI). We aimed to determine the clinical usefulness of MA-MRI in comparison with SA-MRI.
METHODS
Original articles reporting the percentage of adequate AP imaging and the lesion detection rate on gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MA-MRI were identified in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. The pooled percentage of adequate AP imaging and lesion detection rate were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis of single proportions. Subgroup analysis was performed to explain causes of study heterogeneity, and publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test.
RESULTS
Of 772 articles screened, 22 studies in 12 articles were included: 18 studies (ten MA-MRI and eight SA-MRI) suitably defined the percentage of adequate AP imaging and four (three MA-MRI and one SA-MRI) defined the lesion detection rate. MA-MRI had 16.1% higher pooled percentage of adequate AP imaging than SA-MRI (94.8% vs. 78.7%, p < 0.01). MA-MRI additionally detected 33.2% of lesions than SA-MRI (83.2% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.06). Substantial study heterogeneity was found in MA-MRI, and the definition of adequate AP imaging, lesion characteristics, and reference standards were significant factors affecting study heterogeneity (p ≤ 0.02). Significant publication bias was found in MA-MRI (p < 0.01) but not in SA-MRI studies (p = 0.87).
CONCLUSIONS
Gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MA-MRI may be more clinically useful than SA-MRI, but further study is necessary to validate this finding because of study heterogeneity and publication bias.
KEY POINTS
• Multiple arterial-phase MRI (MA-MRI) had a 16.1% higher pooled percentage of adequate AP imaging than single arterial-phase MRI (SA-MRI) (94.8% vs. 78.7%, p < 0.01). • MA-MRI additionally detected an extra 33.2% of lesions compared with SA-MRI (83.2% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.06). • Substantial study heterogeneity and significant publication bias were found across MA-MRI studies.
Topics: Artifacts; Contrast Media; Gadolinium DTPA; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35192009
DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08620-x -
European Radiology Mar 2020To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine intrahepatic distant recurrence (IDR) risk of hepatobiliary phase (HBP) hypointense nodules without... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Hepatobiliary phase hypointense nodule without arterial phase hyperenhancement: are they at risk of HCC recurrence after ablation or surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine intrahepatic distant recurrence (IDR) risk of hepatobiliary phase (HBP) hypointense nodules without arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) on pretreatment gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with either hepatectomy or radiofrequency ablation (RFA).
METHODS
PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched up to April 6, 2019. We included studies that evaluated HBP hypointense nodules without APHE as risk factors for IDR in HCC patients treated with either hepatectomy or RFA. Hazard ratios (HR) were meta-analytically pooled using random effects model. Subgroup analyses stratified to clinicopathologic variables were performed to explore heterogeneity. Methodological quality of included studies was assessed using Quality in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool.
RESULTS
Eight studies with 842 patients were analyzed. The overall pooled HR for IDR was 2.44 (95% CI, 1.99-2.98) and were 2.14 (95% CI, 1.66-2.76) and 3.07 (95% CI, 2.19-4.31) for patients that underwent hepatectomy and RFA, respectively. No significant heterogeneity was present (I = 0%). The presence of these nodules was consistently shown to be significant factors for IDR in other subgroups (HR = 1.74-3.07). Study quality was generally moderate.
CONCLUSIONS
HBP hypointense nodules without APHE are risk factors for IDR in HCC patients treated with either RFA or hepatectomy. Stratification of patient management with regard to performing additional tests or treatment for these nodules and modification of proper follow-up strategies may be required in patients with HCC who have these nodules on pretreatment gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI.
KEY POINTS
• HBP hypointense nodules without APHE constitute an entity that is unique in gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. • HBP hypointense nodules without APHE are risk factors for IDR in HCC patients treated with either RFA or hepatectomy. • Stratification of management and modification of proper follow-up strategies may be required in HCC patients who have these nodules on pretreatment gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Catheter Ablation; Contrast Media; Gadolinium DTPA; Hepatectomy; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prognosis
PubMed: 31776747
DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06499-9 -
Cureus Feb 2024Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a formidable global health concern with a dire prognosis, highlighting the critical need for early detection strategies. This... (Review)
Review
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a formidable global health concern with a dire prognosis, highlighting the critical need for early detection strategies. This systematic review delves into the potential of salivary biomarkers as a non-invasive means for identifying PDAC at its incipient stages. Saliva's proximity to the circulatory system enables the detection of tumor-derived biomolecules, making it an ideal candidate for mass screening. The analysis of three selected studies reveals promising candidates such as Neisseria mucosa, Fusobacterium periodonticum, polyamines, and specific long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Notably, polyamines like spermine show potential in distinguishing PDAC, while lncRNAs HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) and plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) exhibit superior sensitivity and specificity compared to traditional serum markers. However, challenges, including small sample sizes and a lack of validation, underscore the need for standardized diagnostic panels and large-scale collaborative studies. Advancements in nanotechnology, machine learning, and ethical considerations are crucial for harnessing the diagnostic potential of saliva. The review emphasizes the imperative for extensive clinical trials to validate salivary biomarkers, ensuring not only diagnostic accuracy but also cost-effectiveness, patient compliance, and long-term benefits in the realm of PDAC screening. Longitudinal studies are recommended to unravel temporal changes in salivary biomarkers, shedding light on disease progression and treatment response.
PubMed: 38550499
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55003 -
Hepatology International Dec 2020Conflicting results have been reported between the use of extracellular contrast agent (ECA) and hepatobiliary contrast agent (HBA) when magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Conflicting results have been reported between the use of extracellular contrast agent (ECA) and hepatobiliary contrast agent (HBA) when magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, we aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of MRI using ECA (ECA-MRI) and HBA (HBA-MRI).
METHODS
Original studies reporting the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced MRI for the diagnosis of HCC published between January 2010 and February 2020 were identified in a Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library database search. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of ECA-MRI and HBA-MRI were calculated using a bivariate random effects model and compared using a joint-model bivariate meta-regression. Subgroup analyses were performed to compare the diagnostic performance of ECA-MRI and HBA-MRI according to study design, underlying liver disease, lesion size, reference standard, and imaging criteria.
RESULTS
Of the 1760 screened articles, 31 studies were included: 15 studies included 2890 lesions imaged using ECA-MRI and 19 studies included 3893 lesions imaged using HBA-MRI. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were not significantly different between ECA-MRI (sensitivity, 72% [95% confidence interval 65-79%]; specificity 92% [89-95%]) and HBA-MRI (76% [68-83%]; 92% [87-95%], p = 0.72). Subgroup analyses did not find differences in diagnostic performance between ECA-MRI and HBA-MRI according to study design (p ≥ 0.11), underlying disease (p ≥ 0.09), lesion size (≤ 2 cm, p = 0.97), reference standard (p = 0.70), or imaging criteria (p = 0.33).
CONCLUSION
ECA-MRI showed similar performance to HBA-MRI in the diagnosis of HCC. The contrast agent might be selected with consideration of the advantages of each agent.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Contrast Media; Gadolinium DTPA; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 33146841
DOI: 10.1007/s12072-020-10100-7