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Sleep Medicine Reviews Dec 2019Magnesium supplementation is often suggested for restless legs syndrome (RLS) or period limb movement disorder (PLMD) based on anecdotal evidence that it relieves...
Magnesium supplementation is often suggested for restless legs syndrome (RLS) or period limb movement disorder (PLMD) based on anecdotal evidence that it relieves symptoms and because it is also commonly recommended for leg cramps. We aimed to review all articles reporting the effects of magnesium supplementation on changes in RLS and/or PLMD. We conducted a systematic search looking for all relevant articles and then two reviewers read all article titles and abstracts to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies were scored for their quality as interventional trials. We found 855 abstracts and 16 of these could not be definitively excluded for not addressing all aspects of our research question. Seven full-text articles were unlocatable and one was ineligible which left eight studies with relevant data. One was a randomised placebo-controlled trial, three were case series and four were case studies. The RCT did not find a significant treatment effect of magnesium but may have been underpowered. After quality appraisal and synthesis of the evidence we were unable to make a conclusion as to the effectiveness of magnesium for RLS/PLMD. It is not clear whether magnesium helps relieve RLS or PLMD or in which patient groups any benefit might be seen.
Topics: Dietary Supplements; Humans; Magnesium; Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome; Polysomnography; Restless Legs Syndrome
PubMed: 31678660
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.101218 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Oct 2022Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an established risk factor for high blood pressure (BP) in adults. However, it remains unclear whether the same association could be... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an established risk factor for high blood pressure (BP) in adults. However, it remains unclear whether the same association could be found in children and adolescents. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to evaluate the associations between childhood OSA and BP outcomes. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021225683). We performed a systematic literature search to identify relevant cross-sectional and longitudinal studies up to July 6, 2021. Of the 4902 identified articles, a total of 12 cross-sectional studies and 2 cohort studies were included in the final analyses. In the cross-sectional analyses, the mean systolic BP (SBP) were significantly higher in children with mild or moderate-to-severe OSA compared to the healthy controls, and these effects were more pronounced during the nighttime. In prospective studies, moderate-to-severe childhood OSA was associated with a risk of elevated SBP in adulthood (Mean difference = 4.02 mm Hg, 95% CI = 1.32 to 6.72). Taken together, our results suggest that moderate-to-severe childhood OSA is associated with a higher risk of adverse SBP outcomes. Early detection and treatment of OSA may promote cardiovascular health in children and adolescents and possibly in future adulthood.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Pressure; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Hypertension; Polysomnography; Prospective Studies; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
PubMed: 36087456
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101663 -
Oral Diseases Dec 2023Sleep bruxism (SB) is a repetitive rhythmic and nonrhythmic activity. It can be a comorbid condition for other disorders, such as sleep breathing disorders (SBD).... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Sleep bruxism (SB) is a repetitive rhythmic and nonrhythmic activity. It can be a comorbid condition for other disorders, such as sleep breathing disorders (SBD). However, a clear causal link between these factors is yet to be established. Moreover, this relationship is even more unknown in children. Thus, this systematic review aimed to determine the relationship between SB and SBD in children and teenagers and consolidate the current knowledge about the possible association between both phenomena at the pediatric age.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Advanced searches were performed in five electronic databases with the last search updated on February 1, 2023. The methodological quality of the selected studies was analyzed using the quality assessment tool for experimental bruxism studies.
RESULTS
Twenty-nine of 6378 articles were selected for detailed analyses. Most articles found a comorbid relationship between SB and SBD, though no study analyzed a temporary relationship. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, a meta-analysis could not be performed.
CONCLUSION
Despite the limitations of this systematic review, it can be concluded that there is an association between SB and SBD in children. However, the level of evidence is low.
PubMed: 38098259
DOI: 10.1111/odi.14839 -
Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung Dec 2023Several studies evaluated the effect of bariatric surgery on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) but findings have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to conduct an... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Several studies evaluated the effect of bariatric surgery on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) but findings have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of bariatric surgery on OSA.
METHODS
The databases for PubMed, CENTRAL, and Scopus were searched up to the 1st of December, 2021. Studies were included if they were cohort or case-control in design, included patients with diagnosis of OSA, the patients underwent any bariatric surgery, and the study performed postoperative polysomnography.
RESULTS
The total number of the included patients was 2310 patients with OSA from 32 studies. Our analysis showed that bariatric surgery was associated with significant reduction in BMI (WMD = - 11.9, 95%CI: - 13.4, - 10.4), apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (WMD = - 19.3, 95%CI: - 23.9, - 14.6), and respiratory disturbance index (RDI) (WMD = - 33.9, 95%CI: - 42.1, - 25.7). The rate of OSA remission after the surgery was 65% (95%CI: 0.54, 0.76).
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that bariatric surgeries are effective in reducing obesity among patients with OSA in addition to OSA severity measures. However, the low rate of OSA remission suggests that the main etiology of OSA is not only obesity but also includes other important variables such as the anatomy of the jaw.
Topics: Humans; Bariatric Surgery; Obesity; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Polysomnography; Weight Loss; Obesity, Morbid
PubMed: 37145243
DOI: 10.1007/s11325-023-02840-1 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Oct 2021Epidemiological and interventional research has highlighted sleep as a potentially modifiable risk factor associated with poor physical and mental health. Emerging... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Epidemiological and interventional research has highlighted sleep as a potentially modifiable risk factor associated with poor physical and mental health. Emerging evidence from (behavioral) genetic research also shows that sleep characteristics are under strong genetic control. With this study we aimed to meta-analyze the literature in this area to quantify the heritability of sleep duration and sleep quality in the general population. We conducted a systematic literature search in five online databases on January 24th 2020. Two authors independently screened 5644 abstracts, and 160 complete articles for the inclusion criteria of twin studies from the general population reporting heritability statistics on sleep duration and/or quality, and written in English. We ultimately included 23 papers (19 independent samples: 45,328 twins between 6 mo and 88 y) for sleep duration, and 13 papers (10 independent samples: 39,020 twins between 16 and 95 y) for sleep quality. Collectively, we showed that 46% of the variability in sleep duration and 44% of the variability in sleep quality is genetically determined. The remaining variation in the sleep characteristics can mostly be attributed to the unique environment the twins experience, although the shared environment seemed to play a role for the variability of childhood sleep duration. Meta-analyzed heritability estimates for sleep duration, however, varied substantially with age (17% infancy, 20-52% childhood, 69% adolescence and 42-45% adulthood) and reporter (8% parent-report, 38-52% self-report). Heritability estimates for actigraphic and Polysomnography (PSG)-estimated sleep were based on few small samples, warranting more research. Our findings highlight the importance of considering genetic influences when aiming to understand the underlying mechanisms contributing to the trajectories of sleep patterns across the lifespan.
Topics: Actigraphy; Adolescent; Adult; Humans; Polysomnography; Self Report; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 33636423
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101448 -
Journal of Gastroenterology and... Aug 2023We aim to conduct a systematic review and determine the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND AIM
We aim to conduct a systematic review and determine the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
METHODS
Literature search for eligible studies was performed across major databases. The main endpoint was to assess the association between GERD and OSA. Subgroup analyses were performed to determine this strength of the association stratified by the diagnostic tools used for OSA (nocturnal polysomnogram or Berlin questionnaire) and GERD (validated reflux questionnaire or esophagogastroduodenoscopy). We also compared sleep efficiency, apnea hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale in OSA patients with or without GERD. Results were pooled together using Reviewer Manager 5.4.
RESULTS
Six studies involving 2950 patients with either GERD or OSA were included in the pooled analysis. Our findings suggest that there was a statistically significant unidirectional association between GERD and OSA (odds ratio [OR] = 1.53, P = 0.0001). Subgroup analyses redemonstrated an OSA-GERD association irrespective of the tools used for diagnosing either GERD or OSA (P = 0.24 and P = 0.82, respectively). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated the same association after controlling for gender (OR = 1.63), BMI (OR = 1.81), smoking (OR = 1.45), and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.79). In patients with OSA, there were no statistically significant differences between patients with or without GERD in terms of apnea hypopnea index (P = 0.30), sleep efficiency (P = 0.67), oxygen desaturation index (P = 0.39), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (P = 0.07).
CONCLUSION
There exists an association between OSA and GERD that is independent of the modalities used for screening or diagnosing both disorders. However, the presence of GERD did not affect the severity of OSA.
Topics: Humans; Sleepiness; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Polysomnography; Alcohol Drinking
PubMed: 37300443
DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16245 -
Journal of Sleep Research Jan 2024Insufficient sleep is a growing global problem, with poor sleep associated with many negative health and performance outcomes. Previous reviews investigating the effect... (Review)
Review
Insufficient sleep is a growing global problem, with poor sleep associated with many negative health and performance outcomes. Previous reviews investigating the effect of diet on sleep have highlighted the amino acid tryptophan as a promising sleep-promoting nutrient, with the richest food source of tryptophan, ⍺-lactalbumin, requiring further investigation. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to review the existing evidence of association between ⍺-lactalbumin and sleep. Four electronic databases (CINAHL Complete, Embase, MEDLINE Complete, and SPORTDiscus with Full Text) were searched from database inception to March 2023, with primary research articles included if they contained α-lactalbumin as an independent variable, an outcome measure of sleep or sleepiness, and participants were ≥ 18 years old. Eight studies were reviewed, with four studies recruiting athletic populations (50%) and four recruiting healthy participants (50%). Sleep or sleepiness was measured objectively in six studies (75%), with two studies employing polysomnography and four utilizing actigraphy to assess sleep. Across the studies, 20-60 g of ⍺-lactalbumin was supplemented, with five studies (63%) observing a positive association between α-lactalbumin and sleep. Sleep-onset latency was the primary sleep metric improved following evening supplementation of α-lactalbumin (≤ 3.5 hr pre-sleep), with no studies observing any negative associations with sleep. Data from this review suggest that individuals that have difficulty initiating sleep may benefit most from pre-sleep α-lactalbumin supplementation. Further research is required to establish the effect that α-lactalbumin has on sleep architecture, through the use of more comprehensive sleep analysis tools such as portable electroencephalography or polysomnography, in combination with stringent dietary controls.
PubMed: 38185736
DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14141 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Sep 2021. Although sleep disturbances are ubiquitous in depression, studies assessing sleep architecture lead to conflicting results, possibly because of the heterogeneity in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
. Although sleep disturbances are ubiquitous in depression, studies assessing sleep architecture lead to conflicting results, possibly because of the heterogeneity in this disorder. We aimed to focus on Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), which is directly associated with circadian and sleep homeostasis impairments.
METHODS
. A systematic search was conducted in July 2019. Original papers reporting data about night sleep architecture using polysomnography (PSG), in SAD or remitted-SAD and controls, were included.
RESULTS
. Seven studies were retained and included 183 individuals, including 109 patients with SAD and 74 healthy controls. The random-effects meta-analysis showed that rapid eye movement sleep (REM) was significantly increased in SAD compared to controls (REM amount: SMD=1[0.11,1.88], p = 0.027; REM percentage: SMD=0.71[0.02,1.40], p = 0.045). Remitted SAD patients, compared to controls, also had a significantly increased REM sleep (REM amount: SMD=1.84[0.78,2.90], p<0.001; REM percentage: SMD=1.27[0.51,2.03], p = 0.001) and a significantly decreased REM latency (SMD=-0.93[-1.73,-0.13], p = 0.022). No differences were observed for total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and slow-wave-sleep.
LIMITATIONS
. Most studies had small sample size, with no placebo group and with open designs.
CONCLUSIONS
. REM sleep amount and latency appear altered both during the acute and remitted phase of SAD, representing trait markers with interesting diagnosis and therapeutic implications.
Topics: Humans; Polysomnography; Seasonal Affective Disorder; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Sleep, REM
PubMed: 34144365
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.080 -
Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany) May 2023Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a multifactorial and complex condition. One less understood factor in its pathophysiology is the enuretic inability to wake up when the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a multifactorial and complex condition. One less understood factor in its pathophysiology is the enuretic inability to wake up when the bladder is full (impaired arousal).
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep and NE in children and adolescents.
METHODS
A systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines, and the electronic databases MEDLINE (via PubMed) and SCOPUS were searched until March 2022. Eligibility criteria were studies that recruited patients aged five-17 years with a diagnosis of NE according to the International Child Continence Society (ICCS), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5), or International Classification Criteria of Sleep Disorders-Third edition (ICSD-3) who had their sleep assessed using validated questionnaires and/or polysomnography. The tool used to analyze the risk of bias in the included studies was the risk of bias in non-randomized studies of exposure.
RESULTS
Of 1582 citations screened, nine were included, giving 1685 participants, 581 with NE. All studies were observational and half had a low risk of bias. Four studies evaluated sleep by questionnaires only; two used questionnaires and polysomnography; two used only polysomnography, and one used sleep logs and actigraphy. Sleep questionnaires showed that children with enuresis had more sleep problems than controls, especially parasomnias, breathing disorders, and daytime sleepiness. Among the polysomnography parameters, the sleep stage architecture and periodic limb movements during sleep had conflicting data between the two studies.
LIMITATIONS
The studies evaluated sleep through heterogeneous tools. They used different questionnaires; even those considered by polysomnography did not record the same channels.
CONCLUSION
It seems that enuretic children and adolescents sleep differently from those who are non-enuretic. More studies are needed to clarify the best way to assess sleep and better understand this relationship. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021266338. There was no funding.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Nocturnal Enuresis; Sleep; Polysomnography; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Incontinence
PubMed: 36427087
DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05818-5 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Jun 2021The day-to-day variations of sleep and physical activity are associated with various health outcomes in adults, and previous studies suggested a bidirectional... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The day-to-day variations of sleep and physical activity are associated with various health outcomes in adults, and previous studies suggested a bidirectional association between these behaviors. The daily associations between sleep and physical activity have been examined in observational or interventional contexts. The primary goal of the current systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize existing evidence about daily associations between sleep and physical activity outcomes at inter- and intra-individual level in adults. A systematic search of records in eight databases from inception to July 2019 identified 33 peer-reviewed empirical publications that examined daily sleep-physical activity association in adults. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of included studies did not support a bidirectional daily association between sleep outcomes and physical activity. Multilevel meta-analyses showed that three sleep parameters were associated with physical activity the following day: sleep quality, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset. However, the associations were small, and varied in terms of direction and level of variability (e.g., inter- or intra-individual). Daytime physical activity was associated with lower total sleep time the following night at an inter-person level with a small effect size. From a clinical perspective, care providers should monitor the effects of better sleep promotion on physical activity behaviors in their patients. Future studies should examine sleep and physical activity during a longer period and perform additional sophisticated statistical analyses. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: https://osf.io/w6uy5/.
Topics: Adult; Exercise; Humans; Motor Activity; Polysomnography; Sleep
PubMed: 33571893
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101426