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Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023(1) Introduction: Current evidence shows that mechanical debridement augmented with systemic and topical antibiotics may be beneficial for the treatment of... (Review)
Review
(1) Introduction: Current evidence shows that mechanical debridement augmented with systemic and topical antibiotics may be beneficial for the treatment of peri-implantitis. The microbial profile of peri-implantitis plays a key role in identifying the most suitable antibiotics to be used for the treatment and prevention of peri-implantitis. This systematic review aimed to summarize and critically analyze the methodology and findings of studies which have utilized sequencing techniques to elucidate the microbial profiles of peri-implantitis. (2) Results: sp. are associated with peri-implantitis. sp. are associated with healthy implant sites and exhibit a reduced prevalence in deeper pockets and with greater severity of disease progression. sp. have been identified both in diseased and healthy sites. sp. have been associated with healthy implants and negatively correlate with the probing depth. Methanogens and AAGPRs were also detected in peri-implantitis sites. (3) Methods: The study was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42023459266). The PRISMA criteria were used to select articles retrieved from a systematic search of the Scopus, Cochrane, and Medline databases until 1 August 2023. Title and abstract screening was followed by a full-text review of the included articles. Thirty-two articles were included in the final qualitative analysis. (4) Conclusions: A distinct microbial profile could not be identified from studies employing sequencing techniques to identify the microbiome. Further studies are needed with more standardization to allow a comparison of findings. A universal clinical parameter for the diagnosis of peri-implantitis should be implemented in all future studies to minimize confounding factors. The subject pool should also be more diverse and larger to compensate for individual differences, and perhaps a distinct microbial profile can be seen with a larger sample size.
PubMed: 37998812
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111610 -
Microorganisms May 2020This review aimed to systematically compare microbial profiles of peri-implantitis to those of periodontitis and healthy implants. Therefore, an electronic search in... (Review)
Review
This review aimed to systematically compare microbial profiles of peri-implantitis to those of periodontitis and healthy implants. Therefore, an electronic search in five databases was conducted. For inclusion, studies assessing the microbiome of peri-implantitis in otherwise healthy patients were considered. Literature was assessed for consistent evidence of exclusive or predominant peri-implantitis microbiota. Of 158 potentially eligible articles, data of 64 studies on 3730 samples from peri-implant sites were included in this study. Different assessment methods were described in the studies, namely bacterial culture, PCR-based assessment, hybridization techniques, pyrosequencing, and transcriptomic analyses. After analysis of 13 selected culture-dependent studies, no microbial species were found to be specific for peri-implantitis. After assessment of 28 studies using PCR-based methods and a meta-analysis on 19 studies, a higher prevalence of and (log-odds ratio 4.04 and 2.28, respectively) was detected in peri-implantitis biofilms compared with healthy implants. spp., spp. and spp. were found in all five pyrosequencing studies in healthy-, periodontitis-, and peri-implantitis samples. In conclusion, the body of evidence does not show a consistent specific profile. Future studies should focus on the assessment of sites with different diagnosis for the same patient, and investigate the complex host-biofilm interaction.
PubMed: 32369987
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050661 -
Annals of Surgical Oncology Dec 2023The association between oral microbiota and pancreatic cancer (PC) is increasingly recognized and studied. Yet, contrasting results are seen in current studies. This... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The association between oral microbiota and pancreatic cancer (PC) is increasingly recognized and studied. Yet, contrasting results are seen in current studies. This study aimed to provide systematic review and meta-analysis comparing PC and oral microbiota.
METHODS
Studies related to the association between oral microbiota and PC were identified through digital databases including PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, COCHRANE, and SCOPUS without limitations on language or publication period. The last identification date was 10 March 2023. Three case-control studies concerning the issue were included. For the meta-analyses, RevMan software version 5.4 was used. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate articles and measurement of study differences, and publication bias was shown.
RESULTS
Porphyromonas gingivalis in oral bacteria was detected at a comparatively high detection rate in PC patients compared with healthy controls (odds ratio [OR], 1.38; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.74; P = 0.007; I = 34 %). The detection rate did not differ significantly between PC patients and healthy control patients for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (OR 0.98; 95 % CI 0.75-1.29; P = 0.90; I = 76 %); Tannerella forsythiaand (OR 1.12; 95 % CI 0.89-1.42; P = 0.33; I = 0 %), or Prevotella intermedia (OR 1.08; 95 % CI 0.84-1.39; P = 0.55; I = 0 %).
CONCLUSION
Oral microbiota were closely related to PC, whereas P. gingivalis was more commonly found in the PC patients than in the healthy controls. For patients with PC, P. gingivalis may play a role in early diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Microbiota
PubMed: 37787951
DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14366-7 -
Experimental Dermatology Oct 2021Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as acne inversa, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with still largely unknown pathogenesis. While infectious organisms...
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as acne inversa, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with still largely unknown pathogenesis. While infectious organisms have been identified in lesions of the disease since the 1980s, questions remain over the role that bacteria and microbiome play. Recent studies using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and larger culture-based studies have begun to paint a clearer picture of the microbial world of HS. With this systematic review, we summarize all the work that has been done to date in HS bacteriology, analyse potential pitfalls and limitations of the current studies, and address future directions of investigation. This systematic review attempted to collate and analyse all bacteriology studies done to date. This review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (1670769) performed in line with the PRISMA checklist. Twenty two studies were identified comprising 862 individual HS patients for culture studies and 206 HS patients for 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies. Methodology tended to be varied, with different sampling, culturing and sequencing methods as well as amount of analysis and stratification of patients. Bacteria identified as elevated in HS lesions in sequencing studies as well as grown from HS lesions in culture studies are identified and discussed. These primarily included the anerobic Gram-negative bacilli Prevotella, Porphyromonas and Fusibacterium, the Gram-positive bacilli Corynebacterium, and the Gram-positive cocci Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Parvimonas. Potential interactions, as well as work in other disease models with related bacteria are also discussed. Areas of further investigation include in vitro studies of interactions between bacteria and keratinocytes, gut and oral microbiome studies and deep sequencing studies for virulence and phage factors.
Topics: Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Skin
PubMed: 32614993
DOI: 10.1111/exd.14141 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Apr 2023This review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of xylitol against Porphyromonas gingivalis anaerobic species, a key microbe contributing to periodontal disease... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of xylitol against Porphyromonas gingivalis anaerobic species, a key microbe contributing to periodontal disease pathogenesis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Relevant studies published on seven online databases (Cochrane, Ovid, Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) were included in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria allowed all study designs involving xylitol and P. gingivalis, literature published since the year 2000, and all xylitol delivery forms.
RESULTS
The initial search yielded 186 papers. After the removal of duplicates, five reviewers screened every article for eligibility and seven articles were selected for data extraction. Four out of seven included studies assessed the dose-dependent effect of xylitol on P. gingivalis growth, two studies assessed the effect of xylitol on P. gingivalis-induced cytokine expression, and one study assessed both domains.
CONCLUSIONS
From the in vitro studies included in this systematic review, there is some evidence of xylitol's inhibitory effect on P. gingivalis. However, more evidence derived from in vivo studies is required to confirm its effectiveness warranting their routine use.
Topics: Humans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Xylitol; Periodontal Diseases; Cytokines
PubMed: 36894516
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.724 -
Journal of Clinical Periodontology Dec 2021The present systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the strength of a reported association between elevated serum anti-periodontal bacterial antibody responses and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
The present systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the strength of a reported association between elevated serum anti-periodontal bacterial antibody responses and coronary heart disease (CHD).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty original studies were identified after systematically searching five databases. The majority (n = 11) compared serum anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and/or anti-Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) IgG antibody responses between CHD patients and control participants. The strength of the association between serum anti-Pg antibodies and CHD (n = 10) and serum anti-Aa antibodies and CHD (n = 6) was investigated using a meta-analysis approach separately.
RESULTS
Most studies (61%) reported that the serum IgG antibody responses were elevated in CHD patients than in controls. The meta-analyses showed a significant association between elevated serum IgG antibody responses (anti-Pg and anti-Aa) and CHD, with pooled odds ratios of 1.23 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-1.38, p = .001] and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.04-1.47, p = .0004), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
A modest increase of CHD events in individuals with higher serum anti-Pg and anti-Aa IgG antibody responses may support their use as potential biomarkers to detect and monitor at-risk populations. However, the observed inconsistencies with the design and interpretation of immunoassays warrant standardization of the immunoassays assessing antibody responses against periodontal bacteria.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antibody Formation; Coronary Disease; Humans; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis
PubMed: 34545592
DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13550 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Mar 2021This study aimed to analyze the following PICO question: Are animals infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) more... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to analyze the following PICO question: Are animals infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) more affected by neurodegeneration, similar to the pathogenesis generated by Alzheimer's disease (AD), compared with non-infected animals?
METHODS
Databases PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched for pre-clinical in vivo studies in which mice were infected with P. gingivalis or received Pg-LPS, in order to assess the brain tissue and cognitive impairment. No limit for date or publication language was imposed and this study was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), with nine articles included. Syrcle's protocol was used to evaluate bias in the selected studies.
RESULTS
Nine articles were included. Infection by P. gingivalis or the administration of Pg-LPS increased the production of the inflammatory mediators, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), IL-6 (interleukin-6), and IL-1β (interleukin-1beta), augmented Aβ (amyloid beta) production, and activated the complement system, causing inflammation, brain tissue degeneration, and cognitive impairment, consistent with the damage in AD.
CONCLUSIONS
Infection by P. gingivalis and Pg-LPS administration appears to be in relation with the pathogenesis of AD by activating the complement cascade, increasing Aβ production and augmenting pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, causing age-dependent brain inflammation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Taking into account the importance of holistic treatment in the dental office, this study focuses on identifying highly prevalent oral diseases, such as periodontal disease, as risk factors for the aggravation of degenerative diseases in the elderly population.
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 33469718
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03764-w -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023is a Gram-negative oral anaerobic bacterium that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. expresses a variety of virulence factors that disrupt innate... (Review)
Review
is a Gram-negative oral anaerobic bacterium that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. expresses a variety of virulence factors that disrupt innate and adaptive immunity, allowing to survive and multiply in the host and destroy periodontal tissue. In addition to periodontal disease, is also associated with systemic diseases, of which insulin resistance is an important pathological basis. causes a systemic inflammatory response, disrupts insulin signaling pathways, induces pancreatic β-cell hypofunction and reduced numbers, and causes decreased insulin sensitivity leading to insulin resistance (IR). In this paper, we systematically review the studies on the mechanism of insulin resistance induced by , discuss the association between and systemic diseases based on insulin resistance, and finally propose relevant therapeutic approaches. Overall, through a systematic review of the mechanisms related to systemic diseases caused by through insulin resistance, we hope to provide new insights for future basic research and clinical interventions for related systemic diseases.
Topics: Humans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Insulin Resistance; Base Composition; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Insulin
PubMed: 37520442
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1209381 -
Archives of Oral Biology Apr 2024Periodontal bacteria can infiltrate the epithelium, activate signaling pathways, induce inflammation, and block natural killer and cytotoxic cells, all of which... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Periodontal bacteria can infiltrate the epithelium, activate signaling pathways, induce inflammation, and block natural killer and cytotoxic cells, all of which contribute to the vicious circle of carcinogenesis. It is unknown whether oral dysbiosis has an impact on the etiology or prognosis of OPMD.
AIMS
Within this paradigm, this work systemically investigated and reported on the composition of oral microbiota in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) versus healthy controls.
METHODS
Observational studies that reported next generation sequencing analysis of oral tissue or salivary samples and found at least three bacterial species were included. Identification, screening, citation analysis, and graphical synthesis were carried out.
RESULTS
For oral lichen planus (OLP), the bacteria with the highest abundance were Fusobacterium, Capnocytophaga, Gemella, Granulicatella, Porphyromonas, and Rothia; for oral leukoplakia (OLK), Prevotella. Streptococci levels in OLK and OLP were lower. The usage of alcohol or smoke had no effect on the outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
An increase in periodontal pathogenic bacteria could promote the development and exacerbation of lichen. Effective bacteriome-based biomarkers are worthy of further investigation and application, as are bacteriome-based treatments.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Precancerous Conditions; Leukoplakia, Oral; Lichen Planus, Oral; Bacteria; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 38295615
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105891 -
Translational Cancer Research Apr 2020Recent scientific advances have presented substantial evidence that there is a multifaceted relationship between the microbiome and cancer. Humans are hosts to... (Review)
Review
Recent scientific advances have presented substantial evidence that there is a multifaceted relationship between the microbiome and cancer. Humans are hosts to multifarious microbial communities, and these resident microbes contribute to both health and disease. Circulating toxic metabolites from these resident microbes may contribute to the development and progression of cancer. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate microbiome and microbial shift contribution to the development and progression of cancer. This systematic review provides an analytical presentation of the evidence linking various parts of the microbiota to cancer. Searches were performed in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, EBSCO, E-Journals and Science Direct from the time of their establishment until May 2018 with the following search terms: cancer or human microbe or cancer and human microbiome AND shift in microbes in cancer. The merged data were assessed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess the bias. Initially, 2,691 articles were identified, out of which 60 full-text articles were screened and re-evaluated. Among them, 14 were excluded based on inclusion/exclusion criteria; eventually, 46 articles were included in the systematic review. The reports of 46 articles revealed that microbial shift involving species, , , and () 16 & 18 were most commonly involved in various human cancers. In particular, organisms, such as , , and -16 were found to be more prevalent in oral cancer. The present systematic review emphasizes that the role and diverse contributions of the microbiome in carcinogenesis will provide opportunities for the development of effective diagnostic and preventive methods.
PubMed: 35117679
DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.02.11