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Annals of Palliative Medicine Nov 2021Gastrointestinal dysfunction is one of the complications after stroke. If it is not treated in time, it will affect the rehabilitation process after stroke and reduce... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine in treating gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with acute stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials.
BACKGROUND
Gastrointestinal dysfunction is one of the complications after stroke. If it is not treated in time, it will affect the rehabilitation process after stroke and reduce the quality of life of patients. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the reports on the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction after stroke with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in recent years to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
METHODS
The clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Medline, and Web of Science databases from January 2010 to August 2021 were searched. After screening the qualified literatures, literature quality evaluation was performed. The software Stata 16.0 was used to analyze and compare the outcome indicators of TCM and conventional western medicine treatment, and the utility of TCM in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders after stroke was comprehensively evaluated.
RESULTS
A total of 16 studies were finally selected including a total of 1,589. Meta-analysis showed that TCM treatment of gastrointestinal disorders after stroke was more effective than conventional western medicine treatment [odds ratio (OR) =3.94; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.63 to 5.89; P=0.000]. It was also shown that TCM can reduce the recovery time of bowel sounds and is superior to conventional western medicine [standard mean difference (SMD) =-1.92; 95% CI: -2.51 to -1.34; P=0.000]; reduce defecation and flatulence recovery time (SMD =-2.51; 95% CI: -3.41 to -1.61; P=0.000); increase gastrin level (SMD =0.80; 95% CI: 0.35 to 1.25; P=0.001); increase motilin level (SMD =2.27; 95% CI: 1.55 to 3.00; P=0.000); increase serum albumin level (SMD =0.72; 95% CI: 0.54 to 0.90; P=0.000); increase transferrin levels (SMD =1.11; 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.36; P=0.000); and it can increase serum prealbumin levels (SMD =1.50; 95% CI: 0.78 to 2.22; P=0.000).
DISCUSSION
The use of TCM in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction after stroke can effectively reduce symptoms, shorten the recovery time of bowel sounds, the first defecation and flatulence time, promote gastric motility and gastrointestinal hormone secretion, and improve the nutritional status of patients.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Stroke
PubMed: 34872305
DOI: 10.21037/apm-21-2915 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... Sep 2022The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of supplementation with the immunomodulators arginine and glutamine on transthyretin levels in burn patients.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of supplementation with the immunomodulators arginine and glutamine on transthyretin levels in burn patients.
METHODS
This systematic review followed the protocol proposed and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021239526) and was carried out following the PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews. Forty-four studies were evaluated. Of the 44, we included 6 for complete analysis.
RESULTS
In five of the six clinical trials, glutamine was the most used immunomodulator (0.5 g·kg·d or 12-14 g/d), followed by arginine in three of the clinical trials (10-14 g/d in adults or 2% of total energy value in children). The findings of the studies were that the patients who received either of these supplements presented the following results: increased transthyretin, lymphoproliferative response, and serum glutamine values, as well as shorter stay in the intensive care unit, a significant reduction in C-reactive protein values, and a tendency toward a faster healing of the burns compared with the control groups.
CONCLUSION
In view of the content in the present review, it is possible to affirm that the supplementation of immunomodulators in burn patients is an effective strategy for their treatment, and that the adequate nutritional offer may be a predictor of a favorable outcome. However, regarding the increase in transthyretin values, this finding needs to be considered with reservations as the values can be altered by the inflammatory activity, and not necessarily related to the use of a supplement.
Topics: Adult; Arginine; Burns; Child; Dietary Supplements; Glutamine; Humans; Prealbumin
PubMed: 35653933
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111657 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2023Small peptide formulas versus standard polymeric formulas for enteral nutrition in critically ill patients with acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) have been a topic of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Small peptide formulas versus standard polymeric formulas for enteral nutrition in critically ill patients with acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) have been a topic of debate. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to compare their clinical and nutritional outcomes. Relevant studies from January 1980 to June 2022 were searched in PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases. Randomized controlled trials involving AGI grade I-IV patients were included, while children, non-AGI patients, and non-critically ill patients were excluded. Results indicated no significant difference in all-cause mortality. Patients receiving small peptide formulas showed higher daily protein intake, greater albumin growth, and higher prealbumin levels. They also had shorter lengths of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital. Conversely, patients receiving standard polymeric formulas had a higher daily calorie intake. In conclusion, the choice of formula may not affect mortality in critically ill patients with AGI. Small peptide formulas were more conducive to increase daily protein intake, decrease intensive care unit and hospital length of stay. Further large-scale randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of these two nutritional formulas on clinical and nutritional outcomes in critically ill patients with AGI are needed to confirm these results.
Topics: Child; Humans; Critical Illness; Food, Formulated; Enteral Nutrition; Intensive Care Units; Abdominal Injuries; Peptides; Dietary Proteins; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37993565
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47422-z -
European Review For Medical and... Jan 2024The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of a keto-supplemented low-protein diet (sLPD) in enhancing nutritional status among individuals undergoing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Efficacy and safety of keto-supplemented low-protein diet on nutritional status of peritoneal-dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of a keto-supplemented low-protein diet (sLPD) in enhancing nutritional status among individuals undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) compared to a low-protein diet (LPD).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Studies from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data were searched and reviewed up to January 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were enrolled and analyzed using STATA MP 17. In this review, serum albumin (Alb), body mass index (BMI), and serum prealbumin (PA) were included for efficacy evaluation and serum calcium (CA) for safety evaluation. Potential heterogeneity was detected using subgroup analyses.
RESULTS
7 RCTs were included. Compared with LPD, sLPD can improve the Alb [Weighted Mean Difference (WMD)=4.16; 95% CI: 2.50, 5.83; p<0.0001), BMI [WMD=1.35; 95% CI: 0.59, 2.11; p<0.0001] and PA [WMD=0.07; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.10; p<0.0001] level of patients undergoing PD. Subgroup analyses showed that, although Alb had no difference with LPD within 12 months of PD duration, sLPD treatment could improve the levels of Alb and PA regardless of PD duration or course of treatment. sLPD can improve the BMI of patients with a PD duration of more than 24 months, regardless of the duration of treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
A sLPD is an effective intervention for improving the nutritional status of PD patients. It is suggested that patients undergoing PD should initiate sLPD at the beginning of PD to ensure sufficient nutritional intake.
Topics: Humans; Nutritional Status; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Renal Dialysis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Peritoneal Dialysis
PubMed: 38305613
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202401_35071 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022This meta-analysis assessed the clinical significance of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the management of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) after...
UNLABELLED
This meta-analysis assessed the clinical significance of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the management of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) after radical resection. We comprehensively searched electronic databases, such as EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biomedical Database (CBM), Wanfang Electronic Database, and VIP Medical Information System (VIP) from inception to 10 April 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of omega-3 PUFAs and conventional nutrition or blank treatments were selected. The following were evaluated in the pooled analysis: immune function-related indices (IgA, IgG, IgM, CD3, CD4, CD8, and ratio of CD4/CD8), nutritional status-related indices [total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and prealbumin (PA)], and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Next, we conducted heterogeneity detection, sensitivity analysis, contour-enhanced funnel plot to detect possible publication bias, and meta-regression analysis. In all, 20 studies, including 1,613 patients (809 in the omega-3 PUFAs group and 804 in the control group), were selected in the final analysis. The results of the pooled analysis showed that omega-3 PUFAs significantly increased the humoral immune function indices, including IgA [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.54, 95% CI 0.10-0.99], IgM (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI 0.05-0.99), IgG (SMD = 0.65, 95% CI 0.47-0.84); T cell immune function indices, including CD3 (SMD = 0.73, 95% CI 0.54-0.92), CD4 (SMD = 0.76, 95% CI 0.53-0.98), and ratio of CD4/CD8 (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI 0.39-0.92). However, CD8 was markedly reduced after intervention of omega-3 PUFAs (SMD = -0.28, 95% CI -0.66-0.09). In addition, pooled analysis indicated that omega-3 PUFAs markedly improved the nutritional status indicators, including TP (SMD = 0.53, 95% CI 0.17-0.88), ALB (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI 0.15-0.70), and PA (SMD = 0.46, 95% CI 0.01-0.90). The meta-regression analysis revealed that the covariates of the small sample affected the robustness and credibility of the CD4 results. Conclusively, this study suggested that omega-3 PUFAs have the potential to be used as a valid immunonutritional therapy/support for treating patients with CRC postoperatively. This meta-analysis protocol was registered in PROSPERO (no. CRD42021288487).
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021288487], identifier [CRD42021288487].
PubMed: 36479293
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.945590 -
Heart Failure Reviews May 2022V122I genotype variant (pV142I) is the most common hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (hATTR) in the USA, with 3-3.5% of African-Americans being the carriers of this...
V122I genotype variant (pV142I) is the most common hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (hATTR) in the USA, with 3-3.5% of African-Americans being the carriers of this mutation. We aimed to compare baseline clinical features, cardiac parameters, and mortality in V122I-ATTR with the wild-type ATTR and other hATTR subtypes. We systematically searched PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant studies from inception to 10th September, 2020 reporting phenotypic, echocardiographic, and/or laboratory parameters in patients with hereditary and wild types of cardiac amyloidoses. A total of 2843 patients from 7 individual studies with 67-100% males and an overall follow-up duration of 51.6 ± 30.4 months were identified. The mean age of diagnosis among wild-type ATTR patients was 77 years, followed by 71.2 and 65 years in V122I and T60A group patients, respectively. V122I patients were mostly black, had a poor quality of life, and highest mortality risk compared with other subtypes. Merely, the presence of V122I mutation was identified as an independent predictor of mortality. V30M subtype correlated with the least severe cardiac disease and a median survival duration comparable with T60A subtype. V122I ATTR is an aggressive disease, prevalent in African-Americans, and is associated with a greater morbidity and mortality, which is partly attributed to its misdiagnosis and/or late diagnosis. Current advances in non-invasive studies to diagnose hATTR coupled with concurrent drug therapies have improved quality of life and provide a survival benefit to these patients.
Topics: Aged; Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial; Cardiomyopathies; Female; Genotype; Humans; Male; Prealbumin; Quality of Life
PubMed: 33768376
DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10098-6 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... May 2020Malnutrition is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis. Oral protein-based nutritional supplements are often provided to patients whose oral... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Malnutrition is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis. Oral protein-based nutritional supplements are often provided to patients whose oral intake is otherwise insufficient to meet their energy and protein needs. Evidence for the effectiveness of oral protein-based nutritional supplements in this population is limited.
OBJECTIVES
The aims of this review were to determine the benefits and harms of using oral protein-based nutritional supplements to improve the nutritional state of patients with CKD requiring dialysis.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies up to 12 December 2019 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review. Studies in the Register are identified through searches of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, conference proceedings, the International Clinical Trials Register (ICTRP) Search Portal and ClinicalTrials.gov.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of patients with CKD requiring dialysis that compared oral protein-based nutritional supplements to no oral protein-based nutritional supplements or placebo.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two authors independently assessed studies for eligibility, risk of bias, and extracted data from individual studies. Summary estimates of effect were obtained using a random-effects model, and results were expressed as risk ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dichotomous outcomes, and mean difference and 95% CI for continuous outcomes.
MAIN RESULTS
Twenty-two studies (1278 participants) were included in this review. All participants were adults on maintenance dialysis of whom 79% were on haemodialysis (HD) and 21% peritoneal dialysis. The follow-up period ranged from one to 12 months. The majority of studies were at unclear risk of selection, performance, and reporting bias. The detection bias was high for self-reported outcomes. Oral protein-based nutritional supplements probably lead to a higher mean change in serum albumin compared to the control group (16 studies, 790 participants: MD 0.19 g/dL, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.33; moderate certainty evidence), although there was considerable heterogeneity in the combined analysis (I = 84%). The increase was more evident in HD participants (10 studies, 526 participants: MD 0.28 g/dL, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.46; P = 0.001 for overall effect) and malnourished participants (8 studies, 405 participants: MD 0.31 g/dL, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.52, P = 0.003 for overall effect). Oral protein-based nutritional supplements also probably leads to a higher mean serum albumin at the end of the intervention (14 studies, 715 participants: MD 0.14 g/dL, 95% CI 0 to 0.27; moderate certainty evidence), however heterogeneity was again high (I = 80%). Again the increase was more evident in HD participants (9 studies, 498 participants: MD 0.21 g/dL, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.38; P = 0.02 for overall effect) and malnourished participants (7 studies, 377 participants: MD 0.25 g/dL, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.47; P = 0.03 for overall effect). Compared to placebo or no supplement, low certainty evidence showed oral protein-based nutritional supplements may result in a higher serum prealbumin (4 studies, 225 participants: MD 2.81 mg/dL, 95% CI 2.19 to 3.43), and mid-arm muscle circumference (4 studies, 216 participants: MD 1.33 cm, 95% CI 0.24 to 2.43) at the end of the intervention. Compared to placebo or no supplement, oral protein-based nutritional supplements may make little or no difference to weight (8 studies, 365 participants: MD 2.83 kg, 95% CI -0.43 to 6.09; low certainty evidence), body mass index (9 studies, 368 participants: MD -0.04 kg/m, 95% CI -0.74 to 0.66; moderate certainty evidence) and lean mass (5 studies, 189 participants: MD 1.27 kg, 95% CI -1.61 to 4.51; low certainty evidence). Due to very low quality of evidence, it is uncertain whether oral protein-based nutritional supplements affect triceps skinfold thickness, mid-arm circumference, C-reactive protein, Interleukin 6, serum potassium, or serum phosphate. There may be little or no difference in the risk of developing gastrointestinal intolerance between participants who received oral protein-based nutritional supplements compared with placebo or no supplement (6 studies, 426 participants: RR 2.81, 95% CI 0.58 to 13.65, low certainty evidence). It was not possible to draw conclusions about cost or quality of life, and deaths were not reported as a study outcome in any of the included studies.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Overall, it is likely that oral protein-based nutritional supplements increase both mean change in serum albumin and serum albumin at end of intervention and may improve serum prealbumin and mid-arm muscle circumference. The improvement in serum albumin was more evident in haemodialysis and malnourished participants. However, it remains uncertain whether these results translate to improvement in nutritional status and clinically relevant outcomes such as death. Large well-designed RCTs in this population are required.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Arm; Bias; Biomarkers; Dietary Proteins; Humans; Malnutrition; Peritoneal Dialysis; Placebos; Prealbumin; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Serum Albumin; Skinfold Thickness
PubMed: 32390133
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012616.pub2 -
Frontiers in Surgery 2022We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the influence of a home enteral nutritional support compared with a normal oral diet in postoperative subjects with upper...
INTRODUCTION
We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the influence of a home enteral nutritional support compared with a normal oral diet in postoperative subjects with upper gastrointestinal cancer resection.
METHODS
A systematic literature search up to December 2021 was done and 23 studies included 3,010 subjects with upper gastrointestinal cancer resection at the start of the study; 1,556 of them were given home enteral nutritional support and 1,454 were normal oral diet. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% CIs to evaluate the influence of home enteral nutritional support compared with a normal oral diet in postoperative subjects with upper gastrointestinal cancer resection by the dichotomous or continuous methods with a random or fixed-influence model.
RESULTS
Home enteral nutritional support had significantly higher quality of life (MD, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.50-2.67, < 0.001), better body weight change (MD, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.31-2.43, < 0.001), higher albumin (MD, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.72-1.82, < 0.001), and higher pre-albumin (MD, 30.79; 95% CI, 7.29-54.29, = 0.01) compared to the normal oral diet in subjects with upper gastrointestinal cancer resection. However, home enteral nutritional support had no significant impact on the hemoglobin (MD, 4.64; 95% CI, -4.17 to 13.46, = 0.30), and complications (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.76-1.40, = 0.83) compared to the normal oral diet in subjects with upper gastrointestinal cancer resection.
CONCLUSIONS
Home enteral nutritional support had a significantly higher quality of life, better body weight change, higher albumin, and higher pre-albumin, and had no significant impact on the hemoglobin and complications compared to the normal oral diet in subjects with upper gastrointestinal cancer resection. Further studies are required.
PubMed: 35252342
DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.844475 -
Intermittent tube feeding for stroke patients with dysphagia: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Annals of Palliative Medicine Jul 2021Nutrition supports is essential to the prognosis of stroke patients with dysphagia. It's necessary to evaluate the effects and safety of intermittent tube feeding for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Nutrition supports is essential to the prognosis of stroke patients with dysphagia. It's necessary to evaluate the effects and safety of intermittent tube feeding for stroke patients with dysphagia, to provide evidence for the management of dysphagia.
METHODS
Cochrane Library et al. databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the intermittent tube feeding for stroke patients with dysphagia up to Feb 15, 2021. Bias risk assessment tool recommended by Cochrane was used for quality assessment, and Revman5.3 software was used for data analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 11 RCTs involving 762 stroke patients with dysphagia were included. Meta-analysis indicated that intermittent tube feeding could significantly increase the rate of dysphagia function improvement [odd ratio (OR ) = 5.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.38-8.07], serum albumin level [mean difference (MD) = 3.07, 95% CI: 1.65-4.49], hemoglobin level (MD =1.55, 95% CI: 1.19-1.95), prealbumin level (MD =1.79, 95% CI: 1.46-2.12), and reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.15-0.53), incidence of aspiration (OR =0.27, 95% CI: 0.08-0.93) for stroke patients with dysphagia (all P<0.05), o significant difference in the triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) (MD =0.46, 95% CI: -0.24 to 1.19) and arm muscle circumference (MD =0.04, 95% CI: -0.28 to 0.36) between two groups were found (all P>0.05). Egger regression tests indicated that there was no publication bias between included RCTs (all P>0.05).
DISCUSSION
Intermittent tube feeding for stroke patients with dysphagia during the recovery period can not only ensure the nutritional supply, but also promote the recovery of swallowing function and reduce the occurrence of aspiration and aspiration associated pneumonia.
Topics: Deglutition Disorders; Enteral Nutrition; Humans; Nutritional Status; Stroke
PubMed: 34353034
DOI: 10.21037/apm-21-736 -
Surgical Infections Oct 2023The correlation between pre-operative serum pre-albumin and surgical site infection (SSI) has been the focus of many studies. However, existing literature presents... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The correlation between pre-operative serum pre-albumin and surgical site infection (SSI) has been the focus of many studies. However, existing literature presents conflicting evidence on this association. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to determine the significance of low serum pre-albumin as a prognostic factor SSI, and to assess the potential utility of pre-albumin in predicting SSI. A comprehensive literature search and analysis was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane of Library, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases through August 2022 to identify studies reporting low pre-operative serum pre-albumin levels in patients undergoing surgery and their association with SSIs. The pooled risk estimates were shown in odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. The random effect model was used according to the test of heterogeneity among studies. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to identify the possible sources of heterogeneity. This meta-analysis was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO database (number: CRD42022376167). Nine studies involving 5,306 patients were eligible. The results demonstrated an association between low pre-operative serum pre-albumin levels and a higher probability of developing SSI (odds ratio [OR], 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-3.26). Our findings suggest that low serum pre-albumin level may serve as an independent and valuable predictor of SSI. These results provide important insights for clinicians in identifying high-risk patients and implementing preventive measures.
Topics: Humans; Surgical Wound Infection
PubMed: 37831925
DOI: 10.1089/sur.2023.095