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Acta Endocrinologica (Bucharest,... 2023Graves' disease is the most prevalent cause of hyperthyroidism worldwide. Adiponectin, the most abundant adipokine, plays a significant role in a cluster of prevalent... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Graves' disease is the most prevalent cause of hyperthyroidism worldwide. Adiponectin, the most abundant adipokine, plays a significant role in a cluster of prevalent diseases connected to metabolic disorders.
OBJECTIVE
Although the association between adiponectin and Graves' disease has been studied, the existing data is inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between adiponectin levels and Graves' disease.
METHODS
We performed a systematic electronic search on PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Cochrane Library using predefined keywords. We used the NHLBI quality assessment tools to assess the included studies.
RESULTS
There were 11 studies involving 781 subjects included in our qualitative synthesis, while 6 studies were included in our quantitative synthesis. We observed significantly increased adiponectin levels in Graves' disease patients compared to controls (MD 2.983 [95% CI 0.138-5.828]) and hypothyroidism patients (MD 3.389 [95% CI 1.332-5.446]). Nevertheless, no significant MD was observed when comparing Graves' disease patients with and without Graves' ophthalmopathy (MD -27.124 [95% CI -88.893 - 34.645]).
CONCLUSIONS
Adiponectin levels were significantly higher in patients with Graves' disease compared to controls and hypothyroidism patients. However, patients with and without Graves' ophthalmopathy did not present a significant mean difference in adiponectin levels.
PubMed: 37601709
DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2023.87 -
BMC Endocrine Disorders Aug 2021The contribution of vitamin D to thyroid disorders has received paramount attention; however, results are mixed. Hence, we designed a systematic review and meta-analysis... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The contribution of vitamin D to thyroid disorders has received paramount attention; however, results are mixed. Hence, we designed a systematic review and meta-analysis to obtain a definitive conclusion.
METHODS
The search included PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases up to March 2021 to collect available papers reporting the relationship between serum levels of vitamin D and thyroid disorders. The pooled effect was reported as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
Out of 6123 datasets, 42 were eligible to get into this systematic review and meta-analysis. Serum vitamin D was markedly lower in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) (WMD - 3.1 ng/dl; 95% CI, - 5.57 to - 0.66; P = 0.013; I = 99.9%), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) (WMD - 6.05 ng/dl; 95% CI, - 8.35 to - 3.75; P < 0.001; I = 91.0%) and hypothyroidism patients (WMD - 13.43 ng/dl; 95% CI, - 26.04 to - 0.81; P = 0.03; I = 99.5%), but not in subjects with Graves' disease (GD) (WMD - 4.14 ng/dl; 95% CI, - 8.46 to 0.17; P = 0.06; I = 97.5%).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggested lower vitamin D levels in patients with hypothyroidism, AITD, and HT compared to healthy subjects. However, the link between serum vitamin D and GD was only significant among subjects ≥40 years old.
Topics: Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Thyroid Diseases; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 34425794
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00831-5 -
Hemoglobin Sep 2021As a cause of chronic blood transfusions, iron overload is an important issue in β-thalassemia (β-thal) patients that leads to multiple organ dysfunctions. This is an... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
As a cause of chronic blood transfusions, iron overload is an important issue in β-thalassemia (β-thal) patients that leads to multiple organ dysfunctions. This is an updated meta-analysis conducted to summarize the existing evidence of the prevalence of hypothyroidism (HT) among patients with transfusion-dependent (TDT) and non transfusion-dependent β-thal (NTDT) and for the first time we meta-analyzed the relationship between ferritin level and HT. This systematic review and meta-analysis were done according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. We searched databases including Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Scholar. The quality of the included studies was assessed based on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) checklist. Meta-analysis was done using Stata statistical software. The pooled prevalence of total HT, subclinical HT, and overt HT among β-thal patients was 13.25 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 10.29-16.21; 11.84, 95% CI: 8.43-15.25 and 12.46, 95% CI: 1.05-23.87], respectively. The prevalence of total HT was 16.22% (95% CI: 12.36-20.08) in TDT and 7.22% (95% CI: 3.66-10.78) in NTDT patients. Serum ferritin (SF) levels were significantly lower in euthyroid compared to hypothyroid patients [standard mean difference (SMD) -2.15 (95% CI: -3.08, -1.21, value <0.001]. The prevalence of HT was higher in TDT compared to NTDT patients. Moreover, our results showed a significant association of high serum ferritin (SF) levels with hypothyroidism in β-thal patients. Both of these findings highlight the importance of prevention measures and timely diagnosis and management of iron overload in β-thal patients.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Ferritins; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Iron Overload; Prevalence; beta-Thalassemia
PubMed: 34806533
DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2021.2003382 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Despite patients with thyroid dysfunction show obvious abnormal hemostatic indicators in the peripheral blood, the current research on whether and how subclinical... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Despite patients with thyroid dysfunction show obvious abnormal hemostatic indicators in the peripheral blood, the current research on whether and how subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) influence hemostatic function (the coagulation and fibrinolytic system) still remains controversial.
OBJECTIVE
We conducted this study to evaluate how SCH influence on the coagulation and fibrinolytic system in human body.
METHODS
Prior to March 2022, Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, WanFang, CNKI data and reference lists were searched to identify eligible researches. Two of us independently extracted the data and evaluated study quality. The effect size is represented by standard mean difference (SMD). Both fixed and random-effects models were used where appropriate. Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 16.0 were used to analyze the eligible data.
RESULTS
1325 patients from twelve observational studies were involved in our research. Our study revealed that SCH changed the heamostatic balance towards hypercoagulable and hypofibrinolytic conditions accompanied by an increase in tissue fibrinogen, plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. By contrast, there was no statistically difference in acivated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and D-Dimer in SCH group compared with that in control subjects.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study confirmed that SCH is related with a prothrombotic state, as reflected by changes in both coagulation and fibrinolysis. It is highly recommended for screening cardiovascular risk factors in combination with an adequate evaluation of SCH state.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails] PROSPERO [CRD42021275313].
Topics: Blood Coagulation; Fibrinolysis; Hemostatics; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Thyroid Diseases
PubMed: 35574019
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.861746 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Aug 2023Thyroid nodules are common entities, with 5% malignancy. Differentiated thyroid cancer represents 90% of thyroid malignancies, with papillary carcinoma being the most... (Review)
Review
Effectiveness and Safety of Percutaneous Treatment in Lesions Suggestive of Thyroid Cancer (Bethesda V and VI-T1aN0M0) Compared to Surgical Treatment: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
INTRODUCTION
Thyroid nodules are common entities, with 5% malignancy. Differentiated thyroid cancer represents 90% of thyroid malignancies, with papillary carcinoma being the most common. Management is generally surgical; among its complications are injury to the recurrent laryngeal and superior laryngeal nerve, causing hoarseness, postsurgical hypoparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, and pain. Other noninvasive percutaneous interventions of thermal ablation such as microwave, radiofrequency, or laser incur lower costs and could be an option for treatment.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effectiveness and safety of thermal ablation in lesions suspected of thyroid cancer (Bethesda V and VI/T1aN0M0) compared to surgical treatment.
METHODS
Systematic review/meta-analysis of observational studies and clinical trials. Database search includes MEDLINE/PUBMED, Embase, Scopus, Scielo, and BVS/LILACS. Studies on patients over 18 years of age with lesions suspicious of thyroid cancer were included.
RESULTS
A total of 10 studies were obtained, with 2939 patients: 1468 subjected to thermal ablation and 1471 to surgery. Regarding effectiveness, no differences were found in local recurrence [relative risk (RR) 1.17 (95% CI 0.69-1.99)] and cervical lymph node metastasis [RR 0.76 (95% CI 0.43-1.36)]. Regarding safety, infection [RR 0.29 (95% CI 0.05-1.74)], hematoma [RR 0.57 (95% CI 0.17-1.94)], and transient hoarseness [RR 0.77 (95% CI 0.39-1.51)] were evaluated, without difference. However, permanent hoarseness had significant differences in favor of thermal ablation [RR 0.29 (95% CI 0.11-0.75)].
CONCLUSIONS
Thermal ablation for the treatment of T1aN0M0 papillary thyroid carcinoma is equally effective when compared to surgical techniques and offers a better safety profile, particularly in permanent hoarseness.
PubMed: 37605444
DOI: 10.1177/01455613231189067 -
Journal of Reproductive Immunology Jun 2024Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Autoimmune Thyroiditis (AIT) are two prevalent endocrine disorders affecting women, often coexisting within the same patient... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Autoimmune Thyroiditis (AIT) are two prevalent endocrine disorders affecting women, often coexisting within the same patient population. This meta-analysis aims to systematically assess and synthesize the existing body of literature to elucidate the intricate relationship between PCOS and AIT. A systematic literature search for relevant observational studies was conducted in electronic databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus until March 2023. All Statistical analyses were performed using CMA Software v3.7 in a random-effects network meta-analysis. In addition, sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were conducted to identify sources of Heterogeneity based on related risk factors. Our meta-analysis included eighteen studies with 3657 participants, which revealed significant differences between PCOS patients and control groups. In particular, a considerable association was detected between PCOS and the presence of AIT (OR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.63-3.49; P< 0.001) and elevated levels of TSH (SMD = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06-0.42; P= 0.01), anti-TPO (SMD = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.19-0.53; P< 0.001), anti-TG (SMD = 1.24; 95% CI: 0.37-2.10; P< 0.001), and other positive serum antibodies compared to the control groups. The findings from this meta-analysis may contribute to enhanced diagnostic strategies like complete thyroid function tests, more targeted interventions, and improved patient care for individuals presenting with both PCOS and AIT. Additionally, identifying commonalities between these conditions may pave the way for future research directions, guiding the development of novel therapeutic approaches that address the interconnected nature of PCOS and AIT.
Topics: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Humans; Female; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune; Autoantibodies; Thyrotropin
PubMed: 38402811
DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104215 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Jun 2020The evidence of whether hypothyroidism increases mortality in the elderly population is currently inconsistent and conflicting. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
CONTEXT
The evidence of whether hypothyroidism increases mortality in the elderly population is currently inconsistent and conflicting.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this meta-analysis is to determine the impact of hypothyroidism on mortality in the elderly population.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception until May 10, 2019.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies evaluating the association between hypothyroidism and all-cause and/or cardiovascular mortality in the elderly population (ages ≥ 60 years) were eligible.
DATA EXTRACTION
Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the quality of the studies. Relative risk (RR) was retrieved for synthesis. A random-effects model for meta-analyses was used.
DATA SYNTHESIS
A total of 27 cohort studies with 1 114 638 participants met the inclusion criteria. Overall, patients with hypothyroidism experienced a higher risk of all-cause mortality than those with euthyroidism (pooled RR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.15-1.37); meanwhile, no significant difference in cardiovascular mortality was found between patients with hypothyroidism and those with euthyroidism (pooled RR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.84-1.43). Subgroup analyses revealed that overt hypothyroidism (pooled RR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.20) rather than subclinical hypothyroidism (pooled RR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.92-1.41) was associated with increased all-cause mortality. The heterogeneity primarily originated from different study designs (prospective and retrospective) and geographic locations (Europe, North America, Asia, and Oceania).
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the current evidence, hypothyroidism is significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality instead of cardiovascular mortality among the elderly. We observed considerable heterogeneity, so caution is needed when interpreting the results. Further prospective, large-scale, high-quality studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Mortality; Prognosis; Risk; Survival Rate
PubMed: 31829418
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz186 -
Georgian Medical News Dec 2023The thyroid, a gland with a butterfly-like shape in the base of the human neck, plays an important role in metabolism. Body heat, energy levels, weight, hair,...
The thyroid, a gland with a butterfly-like shape in the base of the human neck, plays an important role in metabolism. Body heat, energy levels, weight, hair, fingernail, and regular menstruation cycles are controlled by three hormones produced by the thyroid. A system of feedback regulates the release of those hormones. Overproduction as well as underproduction of thyroid hormones can result from shifts in the stimulation and regulation of those hormones. These factors can have physiological or pathological origins. Pregnancy is a physiological factor. There is a plethora of physiological and psychological shifts that occur during pregnancy. A thyroid alteration in the mother is one example. Thyroid irregularities result from a failure to adjust to new circumstances. Thyroid hormone levels can drop, or manufacturing could be slowed during pregnancy due to variations in hormone concentration. Hypothyroidism describes this disorder. Hypothyroidism in women who are pregnant is either gestational or could be a disorder that is present before pregnancy. Gestational hypothyroidism cures itself throughout postpartum times, though it can stay as subclinical hyperthyroidism for some time after delivery. They pose a serious risk to development, stunt the growth of the unborn child and lead to defects in subsequent generations. Enhanced thyroid binding globulin levels, enhanced iodine clearance by the kidneys, modified effects of the human reproductive hormone and reduced dietary consumption of iodine lead to these alterations in the gland. Cretinism and mental disorders are among the serious health problems related to an iodine imbalance in maternal hypothyroidism. The growth of the brain, nervous system and Intelligence of an unborn child depends on thyroid hormones. As a result, normal early stages of development suffer due to changes in maternal hormone levels.
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Mothers; Pregnancy Complications; Hypothyroidism; Thyroid Hormones; Fetal Development; Iodine
PubMed: 38325294
DOI: No ID Found -
Endocrine May 2024To assess the prospective association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components, and incidence of thyroid disorders by conducting a systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
To assess the prospective association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components, and incidence of thyroid disorders by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed in Ovid Medline, Embase.com, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception to February 22, 2023. Publications from prospective studies were included if they provided data on baseline MetS status or one of its components and assessed the incidence of thyroid disorders over time. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for developing thyroid disorders.
RESULTS
After full-text screening of 2927 articles, seven studies met our inclusion criteria. Two of these studies assessed MetS as an exposure (N = 71,727) and were included in our meta-analysis. The association between MetS at baseline and incidence of overt hypothyroidism at follow-up yielded an OR of 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52-1.16 for two studies, I = 0%). Pooled analysis was not possible for subclinical hypothyroidism, due to large heterogeneity (I = 92.3%), nor for hyperthyroidism, as only one study assessed this association. We found evidence of an increased risk of overt (RR: 3.10 (1.56-4.64, I = 0%) and subclinical hypothyroidism (RR 1.50 (1.05-1.94), I = 0%) in individuals with obesity at baseline. There was a lower odds of developing overt hyperthyroidism in individuals with prediabetes at baseline (OR: 0.68 (0.47-0.98), I = 0%).
CONCLUSIONS
We were unable to draw firm conclusions regarding the association between MetS and the incidence of thyroid disorders due to the limited number of available studies and the presence of important heterogeneity in reporting results. However, we did find an association between obesity at baseline and incidence of overt and subclinical hypothyroidism.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Incidence; Thyroid Diseases; Hypothyroidism
PubMed: 37688711
DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03503-7 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of interferon and endocrine side effects, including their incidence, evaluation, and management. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of interferon and endocrine side effects, including their incidence, evaluation, and management.
METHODS
PubMed was searched through March 7th, 2021, by 2 authors independently (LH Wang and H Zhao). Early phase I/II, phase III experimental trials, prospective and retrospective observational studies were included. Stata 16.0 (StataCorp LLC, 16.0) was the main statistical software for meta-analysis. The weighted incidence and risk ratio were estimated for primary thyroid disease and diabetes mellitus.
RESULTS
A total of 108 studies involving 46265 patients were included. Hypothyroidism was the most common thyroid disorder, followed by hyperthyroidism. IFN α+RBV treated patients experienced hypothyroidism in 7.8% (95%CI, 5.9-9.9), which was higher than IFN α (5.2%; 95%CI, 3.7-6.8) and IFN β (7.0%; 95%CI, 0.06-23.92). IFN α+RBV treated patients experienced hyperthyroidism in 5.0% (95%CI, 3.6-6.5), which was higher than IFN α (3.5%; 95%CI, 2.5-4.8) and IFN β (3.4%; 95%CI, 0.9-7.5). The summary estimated incidence of painless thyroiditis was 5.8% (95%CI, 2.8-9.8) for IFN α, and 3.5% (95%CI,1.9-5.5) for IFN α+RBV. The summary estimated incidence of diabetes was 1.4% (95%CI, 0.3-3.1) for IFN, 0.55% (95%CI, 0.05-1.57) for IFN α, 3.3% (95%CI,1.1-6.6) for IFN α+RBV.
CONCLUSIONS
Our meta-analysis shows a high incidence of endocrine adverse events provoked by IFN, further reinforced by combined RBV treatment.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022334131.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Interferon-alpha; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Thyroid Diseases
PubMed: 35992107
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.949003