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Journal of Clinical and Translational... Feb 2022Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) have gained attention lately because of their ease of harvesting and ability to be substantially multiplied in laboratory... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) have gained attention lately because of their ease of harvesting and ability to be substantially multiplied in laboratory cultures. Stem cells are usually cultured under atmospheric conditions; however, preconditioning stem cells under hypoxic conditions seems beneficial.
AIM
This systematic review aims to investigate the effect of hypoxia preconditioning and its impact on the proliferation and angiogenic capacity of the hADSCs.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review by searching PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases from all years through March 22, 2021, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Medical Subject Headings terms "adipose-derived stem cell," "Hypoxia," "cell proliferation," and "angiogenesis" guided our search. Only articles written in English using experimental models comparing a preconditioned group against a control group of hADSCs with data on proliferation and angiogenic capacity were included.
RESULTS
Our search yielded a total of 321 articles. 11 articles met our inclusion criteria and were ultimately included in this review. Two studies induced hypoxia using hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha stabilizing agents, while nine reached hypoxia by changing oxygen tension conditions around the cells. Four articles conducted studies to correlate their findings, which proved to be consistent. Although 1 article indicated cell proliferation inhibition with hypoxia preconditioning, the remaining 10 found enhanced proliferation in preconditioned groups compared to controls. All articles showed an enhanced angiogenic capacity of hADSCs after hypoxia preconditioning.
CONCLUSION
In this review, we found evidence to support hypoxia preconditioning of hADSCs before implantation. Benefits include enhanced cell proliferation with a faster population doubling rate and increased secretion of multiple angiogenic growth factors, enhancing angiogenesis capacity.
RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS
Although regenerative therapy is a promising field of study and treatment in medicine, much is still unknown. The potential for angiogenic therapeutics with stem cells is high, but more so, if we discover ways to enhance their natural angiogenic properties. Procedures and pathologies alike require the assistance of angiogenic treatments to improve outcome, such is the case with skin grafts, muscle flaps, skin flaps, or myocardial infarction to mention a few. Enhanced angiogenic properties of stem cells may pave the way for better outcomes and results for patients.
PubMed: 35187291
DOI: No ID Found -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Nov 2021Lamellar macular holes (LMHs) are small, partial-thickness defects of the macula defined by characteristic features on optical coherence tomography (OCT), including a... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Lamellar macular holes (LMHs) are small, partial-thickness defects of the macula defined by characteristic features on optical coherence tomography (OCT), including a newly recognised type of epiretinal membrane termed 'epiretinal proliferation'. There may be a rationale to recommend surgery for individuals with LMHs, particularly those with functional or anatomical deterioration, or poor baseline vision causing significant disability, to stabilise the LMH and prevent further visual deterioration; however, there is currently no evidence-based consensus.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effect of surgical interventions on post-operative visual and anatomical outcomes in people with a confirmed LMH.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid, Scopus SciVerse, ISRCTN registry, US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register, ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). We also searched reference lists of included trials to identify other eligible trials which our search strategy may have missed. The date of the search was 20 July 2021.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving participants with a confirmed LMH diagnosis which reported one or more surgical intervention(s), alone or in combination, in at least one arm of the RCT.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used standard methods as expected by Cochrane. Two study authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias for included trials. Trial authors were contacted for further information and clarification.
MAIN RESULTS
A single RCT was eligible for inclusion. Thirty-six participants were randomised in a 2:1 ratio; 24 were allocated to undergo surgery (pars plana vitrectomy, peeling of the epiretial proliferation followed by fovea-sparing removal of the internal limiting membrane) and 12 (10 following two participant dropouts) to observation. Overall, the certainty of the evidence was low for all outcomes due to selection and detection bias, and the low number of participants enrolled in the study which may affect the accuracy of results and reliability of conclusions. At six-month follow-up, change in vision was better in the surgery group (-0.27 logMAR improvement) than observation (0.02 worsening) (mean difference (MD): -0.29 logMAR, 95% confidence intervals (CI): -0.33 to -0.25). Central retinal thickness increased in the surgery group over 6 months 126 μm increase) compared with observation group (decrease by 11μm) (MD: 137 μm, 95% CI: 125.87 μm to 148.13 μm). Finally, at six-month follow-up, retinal sensitivity was better in the surgery group (3.03 dB increase) compared with the observation group (0.06 dB decrease) (MD: 3.09 dB, 95% CI: 2.07 to 4.11 dB). Vision-related quality of life and metamorphopsia were not reported. No adverse outcomes or complications were reported in the study, however, authors could not provide information on whether any individuals developed deterioration in vision of 0.2 logMAR or worse.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The included single trial demonstrated improvements in visual and anatomical outcome measures for participants with a LMH who underwent surgery compared with observation only. Therefore, we can conclude that participants who undergo surgery may achieve superior post-operative best corrected visual acuity and anatomical outcomes compared with observation only. However, the results of a single and small RCT provides limited evidence to support or refute surgery as an effective management option for LMHs. Future RCTs with a larger number of participants and with fewer methodological limitations and biases are necessary to inform future clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Macula Lutea; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Retina; Retinal Perforations; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy
PubMed: 34748208
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013678.pub2 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2023The functions of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) neuropeptide encoded by the gene vary from modifying behavior and pain sensitivity to being an... (Review)
Review
The functions of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) neuropeptide encoded by the gene vary from modifying behavior and pain sensitivity to being an antioxidant. Putative CART peptide receptor GPR160 was implicated recently in the pathogenesis of cancer. However, the exact role of CART protein in the development of neoplasms remains unclear. This systematic review includes articles retrieved from the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Medline Complete databases. Nineteen publications that met the inclusion criteria and describe the association of CART and cancer were analyzed. CART is expressed in various types of cancer, e.g., in breast cancer and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The role of CART as a potential biomarker in breast cancer, stomach adenocarcinoma, glioma and some types of NETs was suggested. In various cancer cell lines, acts an oncogene, enhancing cellular survival by the activation of the ERK pathway, the stimulation of other pro-survival molecules, the inhibition of apoptosis or the increase in cyclin D1 levels. In breast cancer, CART was reported to protect tumor cells from tamoxifen-mediated death. Taken together, these data support the role of CART activity in the pathogenesis of cancer, thus opening new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in neoplastic disorders.
Topics: Humans; Female; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Breast Neoplasms; Tamoxifen; Cocaine
PubMed: 37373130
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129986 -
Human Cell Mar 2022The Proviral Integration of Molony murine leukemia virus (PIM)-1 protein contributes to the solid cancers and hematologic malignancies, cell growth, proliferation,... (Review)
Review
The Proviral Integration of Molony murine leukemia virus (PIM)-1 protein contributes to the solid cancers and hematologic malignancies, cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and other life activities. Many studies have related these functions to its molecular structure, subcellular localization and expression level. However, recognition of specific active sites and their effects on the activity of this constitutively active kinase is still a challenge. Based on the close relationship between its molecular structure and functional activity, this review covers the specific residues involved in the binding of ATP and different substrates in its catalytic domain. This review then elaborates on the relevant changes in protein conformation and cell functions after PIM-1 binds to different substrates. Therefore, this intensive study can improve the understanding of PIM-1-regulated signaling pathways by facilitating the discovery of its potential phosphorylation substrates.
Topics: Animals; Catalytic Domain; Cell Proliferation; Hematologic Neoplasms; Mice; Phosphorylation; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1
PubMed: 35000143
DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00656-3 -
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental... 2023Circular RNA (circRNA) molecules are noncoding RNAs with ring-like structures formed by covalent bonds and are characterized by no 5caps or polyadenylated tails.... (Review)
Review
Circular RNA (circRNA) molecules are noncoding RNAs with ring-like structures formed by covalent bonds and are characterized by no 5caps or polyadenylated tails. Increasing evidence shows that circRNAs may play an important role in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. Circ-SHPRH originates from exons 26-29 of the gene, and it is closely associated with human cancers. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases for relevant literatures until 24 December 2022. Eighteen research papers were included in this review, and 11 papers were selected for meta-analysis after screening. Three eligible published studies about circ-SHPRH were enrolled based on their tumor diagnosis aspect, 7 eligible published studies were related to overall survival (OS), and 3 eligible published studies were related to tumor grade. Many studies have shown that circ-SHPRH acts as a miRNA sponge or encodes a protein to regulate downstream genes or signal pathways, and exerts specific biological functions that affect the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of cancer cells. Meta-analysis showed that patients with high expression of circ-SHPRH had better OS (HR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.38-0.74, -value <0.05) and lower TNM stage (HR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.18-0.62, -value = 0.001). In addition, circ-SHPRH has potential diagnostic value (AUC = 0.8357). This review will help enrich our understanding of the role and mechanism of circ-SHPRH in human cancers. Circ-SHPRH has the potential to be a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for various solid cancers.
PubMed: 37305675
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1182900 -
Arthritis Research & Therapy Jan 2023Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by degradation of the articular cartilage. However, none of disease-modifying OA... (Review)
Review
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by degradation of the articular cartilage. However, none of disease-modifying OA drugs is approved currently. Teriparatide (PTH (1-34)) might stimulate chondrocyte proliferation and cartilage regeneration via some uncertain mechanisms. Relevant therapies of PTH (1-34) on OA with such effects have recently gained increasing interest, but have not become widespread practice. Thus, we launch this systematic review (SR) to update the latest evidence accordingly. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and Embase from their inception to February 2022. Studies investigating the effects of the PTH (1-34) on OA were obtained. The quality assessment and descriptive summary were made of all included studies. Overall, 307 records were identified, and 33 studies were included. In vivo studies (n = 22) concluded that PTH (1-34) slowed progression of OA by alleviating cartilage degeneration and aberrant remodeling of subchondral bone (SCB). Moreover, PTH (1-34) exhibited repair of cartilage and SCB, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. In vitro studies (n = 11) concluded that PTH (1-34) was important for chondrocytes via increasing the proliferation and matrix synthesis but preventing apoptosis or hypertrophy. All included studies were assessed with low or unclear risk of bias in methodological quality. The SR demonstrated that PTH (1-34) could alleviate the progression of OA. Moreover, PTH (1-34) had beneficial effects on osteoporotic OA (OPOA) models, which might be a therapeutic option for OA and OPOA treatment.
Topics: Humans; Teriparatide; Osteoarthritis; Cartilage, Articular; Chondrocytes; Hypertrophy
PubMed: 36609338
DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02981-w -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... 2024Atypical lymphoplasmacytic and immunoblastic proliferation (ALPIBP) was first reported in 1984 as characteristic histological findings in lymph nodes associated with...
Atypical lymphoplasmacytic and immunoblastic proliferation (ALPIBP) was first reported in 1984 as characteristic histological findings in lymph nodes associated with autoimmune diseases, but it has not been clearly defined to date. To summarize the histological characteristics and clinical diagnoses associated with ALPIBP, we searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for all peer-reviewed articles using keywords including "atypical lymphoplasmacytic and immunoblastic lymphadenopathy" from their inception to December 27, 2023. We also summarized the courses of three cases with a pathological diagnosis of ALPIBP. Nine articles with 52 cases were included. Among the total of 55 cases, including the three from our institution, the median age of the cases was 63.5 years with a female predominance (69.5%). Lymphadenopathy was generalized in 65.6% and regional in 34.4% of cases. RA (24.4%), SLE (24.4%), and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (20.0%), were common clinical diagnoses. A combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy was used in 15.6% of cases due to the suspicion of malignancy. Nodal T-follicular helper cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic type, methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, and IgG4-related diseases were listed as important diseases that need to be pathologically differentiated from ALPIBP. This review summarizes the current understanding of the characteristics of ALPIBP. Given that underrecognition of ALPIBP could lead to overdiagnosis of hematological malignancy and unnecessary treatment, increased awareness of the condition in pathologists and clinicians is crucial.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Lymphadenopathy; Lymph Nodes; Autoimmune Diseases
PubMed: 38925977
DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.24007 -
Neurosurgical Review Apr 2021Given the median survival of 15 months after diagnosis, novel treatment strategies are needed for glioblastoma. Beta-blockers have been demonstrated to inhibit...
Given the median survival of 15 months after diagnosis, novel treatment strategies are needed for glioblastoma. Beta-blockers have been demonstrated to inhibit angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation in various cancer types. The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence on the effect of beta-blockers on glioma growth. A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central to identify all relevant studies. Preclinical studies concerning the pharmacodynamic effects of beta-blockers on glioma growth and proliferation were included, as well as clinical studies that studied the effect of beta-blockers on patient outcomes according to PRISMA guidelines. Among the 980 citations, 10 preclinical studies and 1 clinical study were included after title/abstract and full-text screening. The following potential mechanisms were identified: reduction of glioma cell proliferation (n = 9), decrease of glioma cell migration (n = 2), increase of drug sensitivity (n = 1), induction of glioma cell death (n = 1). Beta-blockers affect glioma proliferation by inducing a brief reduction of cAMP and a temporary cell cycle arrest in vitro. Contrasting results were observed concerning glioma cell migration. The identified clinical study did not find an association between beta-blockers and survival in glioma patients. Although preclinical studies provide scarce evidence for the use of beta-blockers in glioma, they identified potential pathways for targeting glioma. Future studies are needed to clarify the effect of beta-blockers on clinical endpoints including survival outcomes in glioma patients to scrutinize the value of beta-blockers in glioma care.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Death; Cell Proliferation; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Glioblastoma; Glioma; Humans; Neovascularization, Pathologic
PubMed: 32172480
DOI: 10.1007/s10143-020-01277-4 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Sep 2022In multicellular organisms, nutrient uptake and its metabolism are subject to stringent regulation to maintain cellular integrity and prevent aberrant cell... (Review)
Review
In multicellular organisms, nutrient uptake and its metabolism are subject to stringent regulation to maintain cellular integrity and prevent aberrant cell proliferation. However, the altered signaling pathways and gene expression disorders in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induce the transformation of metabolic patterns. The reprogrammed metabolic pattern not only conferred HCC cells viability in nutrient-deficient environments, but also contributed to the formation of a unique immune surveillance barrier. Furthermore, in this metabolic pattern, the accumulation of a large number of oxidation products in cells also activates tumor-related signaling pathways. Therefore, the exploration of underlying molecular mechanisms of the metabolic switch will help to improve therapeutic strategies for HCC. We systematically reviewed the landmark events and current research breakthroughs in the study of glucometabolic reprogramming in HCC. Focusing on the central carbon metabolism, the internal energy conversion in HCC and its cancerous mechanisms were fully explained. Furthermore, we also discussed the HCC-specific acellular regulation, metabolic switch of cancer stem cells, oxidative stress adaptation and the formation of immunosuppressive microenvironment, hoping to provide insights for future basic and clinical research.
Topics: Carbon; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glycolysis; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 36076503
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113485 -
Journal of Adolescence Dec 2022In recent years, violent extremism (VE) attacks have escalated worldwide. More schools and students are being attacked. Examining and addressing VE core causes through... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
In recent years, violent extremism (VE) attacks have escalated worldwide. More schools and students are being attacked. Examining and addressing VE core causes through preventing VE (PVE) strategies can help avoid future atrocities. Due to the tremendous proliferation of research geared toward PVE, an extensive but disorganized knowledge review has accumulated in recent years. The review aims to discover several common themes and strategies across different disciplines and suggests resilience approaches might be the effective framework for PVE worldwide.
METHODS
This study followed the guidelines provided by PRISMA. A systematic literature review on 81 articles was conducted in January 2022, with a screening approach starting from the title, abstract and finally, full articles.
RESULTS
Seventeen studies were identified with a total sample of 2415 vulnerable young adults, age range: 16-29, male: 68.65% and female 31.35% mainly influenced VE pursuits through internet, TV and social media. In addition, the study identified that for PVE, individual actions would include ineffective approaches compared to a group approach starting from family to educational institutions.
CONCLUSIONS
The effective PVE will be ensured by developing strategies for resilient individuals and dialoguing from the social-ecological perspective for taking practical actions in reducing VE activities.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Young Adult; Schools; Violence
PubMed: 36151776
DOI: 10.1002/jad.12095