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Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology Oct 2023Many potential environmental risk factors, protective factors, and biomarkers of AR have been published, but so far, the strength and consistency of their evidence are... (Review)
Review
Many potential environmental risk factors, protective factors, and biomarkers of AR have been published, but so far, the strength and consistency of their evidence are unclear. We conducted a comprehensive review of environmental risk, protective factors, and biomarkers for AR to establish the evidence hierarchy. We systematically searched Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science electronic database from inception to December 31, 2022. We calculated summary effect estimate (odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR), hazard ratio (HR), and standardized mean difference (SMD)), 95% confidence interval, random effects p value, I statistic, 95% prediction interval, small study effects, and excess significance biases, and stratification of the level of evidence. Methodological quality was assessed by AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2). We retrieved 4478 articles, of which 43 met the inclusion criteria. The 43 eligible articles identified 31 potential environmental risk factors (10,806,206 total population, two study not reported), 11 potential environmental protective factors (823,883 total population), and 34 potential biomarkers (158,716 total population) for meta-analyses. The credibility of evidence was convincing (class I) for tic disorders (OR = 2.89, 95% CI 2.11-3.95); and highly suggestive (class II) for early-life antibiotic use (OR = 3.73, 95% CI 3.06-4.55), exposure to indoor dampness (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.27-1.75), acetaminophen exposure (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.41-1.69), childhood acid suppressant use (OR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.23-1.59), exposure to indoor mold (OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.26-2.18), coronavirus disease 2019 (OR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.06-0.22), and prolonged breastfeeding (OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.65-0.79). This study is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022384320).
Topics: Child; Humans; Acetaminophen; Biomarkers; COVID-19; Protective Factors; Rhinitis, Allergic; Risk Factors; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 37490237
DOI: 10.1007/s12016-023-08964-2 -
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Aug 2023Masticatory dysfunction impacts food selection, nutritional intake and social activities; all of which play a vital role to ensure good general health and quality of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Masticatory dysfunction impacts food selection, nutritional intake and social activities; all of which play a vital role to ensure good general health and quality of life. Despite the rapidly ageing population, there is limited evidence regarding the risk factors that lead to masticatory dysfunction in older adults or protective factors which may help maintain masticatory ability. Furthermore, there is currently no consensus for a specific test which measures masticatory ability.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this scoping review are to identify the risk and protective factors associated with masticatory dysfunction and determine the most commonly used objective measure of masticatory performance.
DESIGN
A scoping review was performed using the PRISMA recommendations. MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched. Seventy-eight articles were included in this review. There were six randomised controlled trials, six interventional studies, one systematic review, one quasi-experimental study, five prospective cohort studies, 58 cross-sectional studies and one case-control study. Data were analysed for frequency of studies reporting on risk factors, protective factors and/or objective measures of masticatory performance.
RESULTS
This scoping review identified tooth loss as the most common risk factor for masticatory dysfunction. Other notable risk factors included musculoskeletal conditions such as frailty and sarcopenia, cognitive decline and malnutrition. Additionally, the review identified that the presence or addition of teeth was the main protective factor. Other protective factors included denture maintenance via liners and adhesives, textured foods, and oral exercises. Chewing gum was the most common objective measure of masticatory function, followed by the occlusal force and sieve methods.
CONCLUSIONS
This scoping review found that there was limited evidence for a causal link between each of the risk factors and masticatory dysfunction or the protective factors and the maintenance of masticatory ability in older adults. Establishing a standard method for measuring masticatory performance such as the commonly used chewing gum method and encouraging clinicians to routinely measure masticatory function will enable comparisons across multiple risk and protective factors, improving the evidence base and contributing to better patient care.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Quality of Life; Chewing Gum; Case-Control Studies; Prospective Studies; Mastication
PubMed: 37183339
DOI: 10.1111/joor.13493 -
Journal of Pediatric Nursing 2023It has been reported in various studies that identifying risk and protective factors and outcomes of cyberbullying perpetration (CP) and cyberbullying victimization (CV)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PROBLEM
It has been reported in various studies that identifying risk and protective factors and outcomes of cyberbullying perpetration (CP) and cyberbullying victimization (CV) is crucial for educational strategies to fight against cyberbullying. The main purpose of the present study is to conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review to identify which risk and protective factors are more strongly associated with CP/CV and possible consequences of CP/CV among children and youth in Türkiye.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Various databases, including PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), ProQuest, ERIC, SCOPUS, Turkish Psychiatry Index, DergiPark, and National Dissertation/Thesis Center of Türkiye were searched to identify relevant studies.
SAMPLE
Fifty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria included in the present study.
RESULTS
Results revealed that the strongest risk factor was traditional bullying for CP (r = 0.47, p < .001) and traditional victimization for CV (r = 0.43, p < .001). The strongest protective factor was social skill for CP (r = -0.45, p < .001) and empathy for CV (r = -0.25, p < .001). In addition, involvement in CP behaviors had the strongest effect on negative self-concept (r = 0.28, p < .001), while exposure to CV on anxiety (r = 0.35, p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Although this study has some limitations, the study's findings are important source of information for many professionals, such as pediatric nurses, school psychological counselors, psychologists, and policymakers to further educational strategies for children and young people in Türkiye.
IMPLICATIONS
The study findings would be useful for developing educational programs to strengthen protective factors and reduce risk factors to prevent cyberbullying perpetration behaviors.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Cyberbullying; Turkey; Bullying; Crime Victims; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37696170
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.09.003 -
BMC Medicine Jan 2021The etiologies of chronic neurological diseases, which heavily contribute to global disease burden, remain far from elucidated. Despite available umbrella reviews on...
BACKGROUND
The etiologies of chronic neurological diseases, which heavily contribute to global disease burden, remain far from elucidated. Despite available umbrella reviews on single contributing factors or diseases, no study has systematically captured non-purely genetic risk and/or protective factors for chronic neurological diseases.
METHODS
We performed a systematic analysis of umbrella reviews (meta-umbrella) published until September 20th, 2018, using broad search terms in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, DARE, and PROSPERO. The PRISMA guidelines were followed for this study. Reference lists of the identified umbrella reviews were also screened, and the methodological details were assessed using the AMSTAR tool. For each non-purely genetic factor association, random effects summary effect size, 95% confidence and prediction intervals, and significance and heterogeneity levels facilitated the assessment of the credibility of the epidemiological evidence identified.
RESULTS
We identified 2797 potentially relevant reviews, and 14 umbrella reviews (203 unique meta-analyses) were eligible. The median number of primary studies per meta-analysis was 7 (interquartile range (IQR) 7) and that of participants was 8873 (IQR 36,394). The search yielded 115 distinctly named non-genetic risk and protective factors with a significant association, with various strengths of evidence. Mediterranean diet was associated with lower risk of dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), cognitive impairment, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases in general. In Parkinson disease (PD) and AD/dementia, coffee consumption, and physical activity were protective factors. Low serum uric acid levels were associated with increased risk of PD. Smoking was associated with elevated risk of multiple sclerosis and dementia but lower risk of PD, while hypertension was associated with lower risk of PD but higher risk of dementia. Chronic occupational exposure to lead was associated with higher risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Late-life depression was associated with higher risk of AD and any form of dementia.
CONCLUSIONS
We identified several non-genetic risk and protective factors for various neurological diseases relevant to preventive clinical neurology, health policy, and lifestyle counseling. Our findings could offer new perspectives in secondary research (meta-research).
Topics: Biomarkers; Diet, Mediterranean; Exercise; Humans; Hypertension; Nervous System Diseases; Protective Factors; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33435977
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01873-7 -
Addictive Behaviors Feb 2023For decades, alcohol use disorder has been investigated in an attempt to understand its processes and implications. However, among all of the factors involved in alcohol... (Review)
Review
For decades, alcohol use disorder has been investigated in an attempt to understand its processes and implications. However, among all of the factors involved in alcohol use disorder, the role of guilt in alcohol use remains poorly explained, with many contradictory results. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to conduct a systematic analysis of the literature from 1990 to 2022 to review the studies investigating the link between guilt and alcohol consumption. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method, 31 studies were included in this review. The results of this work enable to highlight the plurality of guilt that has been studied in the literature. Grouped in two categories: state guilt and trait guilt, they seem to have diverse implications towards alcohol use or misuse. Guilt proneness seems to act as a protective factor towards alcohol use, except for the few studies conducted on a clinical population. Numerous studies indicated that state guilt is deleterious toward alcohol use, even if some results are contradictory. Furthermore, this work allows us to shed light on the limits of the studies currently carried out, and thus to propose new directions for future studies.
Topics: Humans; Alcoholism; Guilt; Alcohol Drinking; Protective Factors
PubMed: 36332517
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107531 -
European Journal of Neurology Dec 2021According to the hygiene hypothesis, infections by agents such as parasites have a protective role against the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). Among... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
According to the hygiene hypothesis, infections by agents such as parasites have a protective role against the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). Among parasites, Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular parasite, showed evidence of a protective effect. This study was undertaken to summarize the available evidence on the association between T. gondii infection and MS.
METHODS
A systematic review of all the available articles published up to November 2020 has been conducted independently by two investigators in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Lissa, and SciELO. The association between T. gondii infection and MS has been pooled with a random effects model.
RESULTS
From 562 articles, seven were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis for a global population of 752 MS cases and 1282 controls. T. gondii infection was associated with MS with a pooled odds ratio of 0.68 (95% confidence interval = 0.50-0.93).
CONCLUSIONS
The available evidence supports the hypothesis that T. gondii infection represents a protective factor against the development of MS.
Topics: Antibodies, Protozoan; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Risk Factors; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis
PubMed: 34374174
DOI: 10.1111/ene.15055 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Oct 2023Postpartum urinary incontinence substantially impacts the psychophysical well-being of women. The influencing factors contributing to postpartum urinary incontinence... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Postpartum urinary incontinence substantially impacts the psychophysical well-being of women. The influencing factors contributing to postpartum urinary incontinence remain a subject of contention in clinical investigation. By elucidating the factors contributing to postpartum urinary incontinence, more efficacious interventions for laboring women can be devised. Consequently, this review endeavored to scrutinize the repercussions of maternal postpartum urinary incontinence to furnish empirical references for the clinical advancement of preventive strategies.
METHOD
The investigation employed bibliographic databases: Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CBM, VIP, CNKI, and Wan Fang Data for article retrieval. A comprehensive consideration of all study designs was undertaken during the examination of the effects of postpartum urinary incontinence. The temporal limitation was set at all articles prior to February 2023. Studies incorporated laboring mothers experiencing normative labor and parturition. A total of 28,303 women were encompassed in the reviewed investigations.
RESULTS
A total of 5,915 putative citations were identified, from which 32 articles were selected for evaluating the effects of postpartum urinary incontinence. Meta-analyses revealed that the incidence of postpartum urinary incontinence was 26% [95%CI: (21% ~ 30%)]. Twelve pivotal variables were identified to influence postpartum urinary incontinence: cesarean delivery, vaginal delivery, age ≥ 35 years, multiparty (number of deliveries ≥ 2), neonatal weight > 4 kg, perineal dystonia, antecedents of urological incontinence-related pathology, maternal pre-conception BMI ≥ 24 kg/m^2, perineal laceration, instrumental parturition, historical pelvic surgical procedures, and protracted second stage of labor. Among these, cesarean delivery was identified as a protective factor against postpartum urinary incontinence.
CONCLUSION
The study corroborated that anamnestic factors pertinent to urinary incontinence, vaginal parturitions, and neonates with a weight exceeding 4 kg serve as significant risk factors for postpartum urinary incontinence. Cesarean delivery emerged as a protective factor against postpartum urinary incontinence. Based on the prevalence of postpartum urinary incontinence, proactive intervention is requisite to mitigate the risk of postpartum urinary incontinence in postpartum women possessing these risk factors.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
CRD42023412096.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Delivery, Obstetric; Parturition; Postpartum Period; Prevalence; Urinary Incontinence
PubMed: 37898733
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06059-6 -
Gene Dec 2023Identification of genetic risk factors for PCOS susceptibility. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
IMPORTANCE
Identification of genetic risk factors for PCOS susceptibility.
OBJECTIVE
To identify genetic risk variants of the genes involved in metabolic or inflammatory pathways.
DATA SOURCES
Relevant literature was identified and extracted from PubMed, Central Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Science Direct by using a set of keywords related to pre-determined genes up to 06 May 2023. Study selection and synthesis: PRISMA guidelines were followed to design the protocol which is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023422501). Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for different gene variants were calculated under different genetic models (dominant model, recessive model, additive model, and allele model) by using Review Manager software 4.2.
MAIN OUTCOMES
Metabolic genetic variants FTO rs9939609, IL-6 rs1800795 and CAPN10 rs3842570, rs2975760, and RAB5B rs705702 are associated with PCOS risk.
RESULTS
Forty-four relevant articles have been identified for genes involved in metabolic (n = 23) or inflammatory pathways (n = 21). There is a significant association (p < 0.05) of IL-6 rs1800795 and FTO rs9939609 with increased risk.CAPN10 rs2975760 Ins allele is suggested as a protective factor among only the non-Asian population. Also, a significant association of CAPN10 rs2975760 and RAB5B rs705702 with increased risk among the Asian population is suggested. However, no significant association could be found between CAPN10 rs3792267, rs5030952, and SUMO1P1 rs2272046, and the risk of PCOS in any of the subpopulations analysed. In silico analysis suggests the deleterious effect of IL-6 rs1800795.
CONCLUSION
and relevance: The study suggests the role of various genetic variants for genetic predisposition to PCOS among different subpopulations.
Topics: Female; Humans; Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Interleukin-6; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37714276
DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147796 -
International Journal of Circumpolar... Dec 2023Since the 1970s, suicide has been a major public health issue in Greenland. The World Health Organization has emphasised the importance of the identification of both... (Review)
Review
Since the 1970s, suicide has been a major public health issue in Greenland. The World Health Organization has emphasised the importance of the identification of both risk and protective factors in relation to suicide. The aim of this paper was to identify scientific literature on risk and protective factors for suicide and suicidal behaviour among Greenland Inuit. Searches in PubMed and PsycInfo resulted in 420 studies that were screened by three of the authors. After screening, the authors included 15 studies that were subject to quality assessment and data extraction. All 15 studies reported on risk factors, and only three mentioned protective factors. Most reported risk factors were on an individual level and were related to socioeconomic status, mental health, alcohol and substance use, and life stress. Risk factors related to the family mainly related to adverse childhood experiences, while the community level concerned access to education, work, and conflicts. The results indicate a large knowledge gap about protective factors for suicide and suicidal behaviour. The few protective factors reported were related to men having a family, high socioeconomic status, and being born between 1901 and 1950.
Topics: Male; Humans; Suicidal Ideation; Greenland; Inuit; Protective Factors; Suicide; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37343597
DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2226284 -
Journal of Behavioral Addictions Jun 2023The study aims to thoroughly understand the causal and precedent modifiable risk or protective factors for Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), a newly defined and prevalent... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The study aims to thoroughly understand the causal and precedent modifiable risk or protective factors for Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), a newly defined and prevalent mental disorder.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review on quality-designed longitudinal studies based on five online databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. Studies were included in the meta-analysis if they addressed IGD, adopted longitudinal, prospective, or cohort study designs, presented modifiable factors of IGD, and reported the effect sizes for correlations. Pooled Pearson's correlations were calculated using the random effects model.
RESULTS
Thirty-nine studies with 37,042 subjects were included. We identified 34 modifiable factors, including 23 intrapersonal factors (e.g., gaming time, loneliness, etc.), 10 interpersonal factors (e.g., peer relationship, social support, etc.), and 1 environmental factor (i.e., school engagement). Age, the male ratio, study region, and study years were significant moderators.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Intrapersonal factors were stronger predictors than interpersonal and environmental factors. It may imply that individual-based theories are more powerful to explain the development of IGD. Longitudinal research on the environmental factors of IGD was lacking; more studies are warranted. The identified modifiable factors would help to guide effective interventions for IGD reduction and prevention.
Topics: Humans; Male; Cohort Studies; Behavior, Addictive; Prospective Studies; Protective Factors; Internet Addiction Disorder; Video Games; Internet
PubMed: 37224007
DOI: 10.1556/2006.2023.00017