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Maedica Mar 2024Breast cancer is a global public health issue. The disease can be diagnosed in both older and younger women, with the latter facing several dilemmas. Breastfeeding is of...
Breast cancer is a global public health issue. The disease can be diagnosed in both older and younger women, with the latter facing several dilemmas. Breastfeeding is of general concern to the scientific community as well as its connection with the prevention of breast cancer is being sought. The purpose of this review is to search for studies investigating the relationship between breast cancer and breastfeeding. The articles included in the present paper were searched in PubMed and Scopus databases according to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. This systematic review sought primary studies investigating the relationship between breastfeeding and breast cancer and that were published in English between 2017-2022. Seventeen articles that investigated the relationship of breast cancer with lactation duration, women's age, family history and lifestyle were included in the present review. It was found that, in most studies, breastfeeding could be evaluated as a protective factor of the disease. From all studied articles, the need for the design of additional studies investigating the relationship between breastfeeding and breast cancer emerges.
PubMed: 38736915
DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2021.19.1.106 -
BJPsych Open Oct 2023The long-term cumulative impact of exposure to childhood adversity is well documented. There is an increasing body of literature examining protective factors following... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The long-term cumulative impact of exposure to childhood adversity is well documented. There is an increasing body of literature examining protective factors following childhood adversity. However, no known reviews have summarised studies examining protective factors for broad psychosocial outcomes following childhood adversity.
AIMS
To summarise the current evidence from longitudinal studies of protective factors for adult psychosocial outcomes following cumulative exposure to childhood adversity.
METHOD
We conducted a formal systematic review of studies that were longitudinal; were published in a peer-reviewed journal; examined social, environmental or psychological factors that were measured following a cumulative measure of childhood adversity; and resulted in more positive adult psychosocial outcomes.
RESULTS
A total of 28 studies from 23 cohorts were included. Because of significant heterogeneity and conceptual differences in the final sample of articles, a meta-analysis was not conducted. The narrative review identified that social support is a protective factor specifically for mental health outcomes following childhood adversity. Findings also suggest that aspects of education are protective factors to adult socioeconomic, mental health and social outcomes following childhood adversity. Personality factors were protective for a variety of outcomes, particularly mental health. The personality factors were too various to summarise into meaningful combined effects. Overall GRADE quality assessments were low and very low, although these scores mostly reflect that all observational studies are low quality by default.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings support strategies that improve connection and access to education following childhood adversity exposure. Further research is needed for the roles of personality and dispositional factors, romantic relationship factors and the combined influences of multiple protective factors.
PubMed: 37855106
DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.561 -
Journal of Pediatric Surgery Nov 2020To determine the global prevalence for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and identify CDH-related risk factors. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
To determine the global prevalence for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and identify CDH-related risk factors.
METHODS
Using a defined strategy, a systematic review of the literature was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, searching for population-based epidemiological studies to evaluate the prevalence of CDH globally and per country. Studies containing overlapping populations or timeframes were excluded. CDH-related risk factors were calculated by meta-analysis using RevMan5.3 and expressed as risk ratio and 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS
Prevalence: Of 8230 abstracts screened, 30 full-text articles published between 1980 and 2019 were included. The overall prevalence of CDH was 2.3 in 10,000 births (16,710 CDH babies in 73,663,758 livebirths).
RISK FACTORS
From 9 studies we found that male sex [RR 1.38 (1.05-1.80), p=0.02] and maternal age >35 years [RR 1.69 (1.26-2.25), p=0.0004] were associated with CDH. Conversely, maternal black ethnicity resulted as a protective factor [RR 0.82 (0.77-0.89, p<0.00001].
CONCLUSION
This study reveals that there is a worldwide paucity of population-based studies, and those studies that report on prevalence and risk factors come from a small number of countries. The prevalence of CDH varies within and across geographical world regions. The main risk factors for CDH identified are male sex and older maternal age. More epidemiological studies, involving more world regions, are needed to identify possible strategies to help strengthen our understanding of the risk factors, provide clinicians with the tools necessary for prenatal and postnatal counseling, and inform policy makers on how to strategize CDH care in different parts of the world.
TYPE OF STUDY
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level III.
Topics: Female; Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; Humans; Male; Maternal Age; Parturition; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32690291
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.06.022 -
European Journal of Preventive... Jun 2024The aim of this study was to systematically review and quantitatively summarize the evidence on the association between Life Simple's 7 (LS7) and multiple cardiovascular... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIMS
The aim of this study was to systematically review and quantitatively summarize the evidence on the association between Life Simple's 7 (LS7) and multiple cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs).
METHODS AND RESULTS
EMBASE and PubMed were searched from January 2010 to March 2022 for observational studies that investigated the association between ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) with CVD or CMD outcomes in an adult population. Two reviewers independently selected studies according to the eligibility criteria, extracted data, and evaluated risk of bias. Data were analysed with a random-effects meta-analysis. This meta-analysis included 59 studies (1 881 382 participants). Participants with ideal CVH had a considerably lower risk of a variety of CVDs and CMDs as compared with those with poor CVH, varying from 40% lower risk for atrial fibrillation (AF) {hazard ratio [HR] = 0.60 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44-0.83]} to 82% lower risk for myocardial infarction [HR = 0.18 (95% CI 0.12-0.28)]. Intermediate CVH was associated with 27-57% lower risk in CVDs and CMDs compared with poor CVH, with the highest hazard for AF [HR = 0.73 (95% CI 0.59-0.91)] and the lowest hazard for peripheral arterial disease [HR = 0.43 (95% CI 0.30-0.60)].
CONCLUSION
Ideal and moderate CVH were associated with a lower incidence of CVDs and CMDs than poor CVH. Life Simple's 7 holds significant potential for promoting overall CVH and thereby contributing to the prevention of CVDs.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Risk Assessment; Health Status; Risk Reduction Behavior; Protective Factors; Risk Factors; Healthy Lifestyle; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Aged; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
PubMed: 38149986
DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad405 -
Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental... Dec 2022Although alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a global health threat, there are no specific effective treatments for it. Thus, efforts at preventing ALD are important... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Although alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a global health threat, there are no specific effective treatments for it. Thus, efforts at preventing ALD are important and could be enhanced by using strategies based on validated risk and protective factors for the disease.
METHODS
The literature on factors influencing the risk for ALD was systematically searched from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library databases from inception to June 2022. Factors suitable for quantitative analysis were submitted to meta-analysis using fixed-effects and random-effects models to calculate each factor's risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
Ten cohort studies (covering 1,005,339 subjects) that reported a clear causal relationship were included in the analysis, involving 11 potential risk factors (sex, race, education level, body mass index, alcohol consumption, types of alcoholic beverage, duration of drinking, drinking frequency, smoking, coffee consumption, and tea consumption). Three of these factors (sex, alcohol consumption, and smoking) were subjected to meta-analysis, and the results showed that male sex (RR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.86-4.36), alcohol consumption ≥280 g/week (RR = 4.96, 95% CI = 2.71-9.07), and smoking (RR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.97-2.89) were risk factors for ALD.
CONCLUSIONS
Many factors are likely to influence the incidence of ALD, and male sex, heavy alcohol consumption, and smoking increase the risk of ALD. The relationship between other factors and ALD risk needs further evaluation.
Topics: Male; Humans; Alcohol Drinking; Protective Factors; Risk Factors; Alcoholic Beverages; Liver Diseases
PubMed: 36203342
DOI: 10.1111/acer.14951 -
Clinical Psychology Review Feb 2023Autistic adults are a high-risk population for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). Accordingly, this systematic review aims to review the prevalence of STBs among... (Review)
Review
Autistic adults are a high-risk population for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). Accordingly, this systematic review aims to review the prevalence of STBs among autistic adults, review the risk and protective factors for STBs in autistic adults, and formulate a disorder-specific conceptualization of risk in this population. We systematically searched PsycINFO and Google Scholar for all studies published prior to March 28th, 2022. We included empirical articles focused on autistic adults, ages 18 years and older, reporting on suicide-related outcomes. In total, 45 peer-reviewed empirical articles were included in the current systematic review. The most frequently studied factors in relation to suicide risk among autistic adults were interpersonal constructs (42.4% of total studies looking at risk/protective factors) and depressive symptoms (36.4% of total studies looking at risk/protective factors). We conclude by summarize two key content areas: exploring social and interpersonal constructs and better understanding the role of depressive symptoms in autism. As researchers continue to explore STBs among autistic adults, it will be necessary to addressing the overreliance on autistic symptoms instead of autism diagnoses, measurement issues of STBs, and a need for treatment adaptations.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Suicidal Ideation; Autistic Disorder; Suicide, Attempted; Protective Factors; Suicide
PubMed: 36459876
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102235 -
Transcultural Psychiatry Aug 2023As psychological resilience has been increasingly recognized as contextually constructed, mixed methods studies that map out local ecologies of resilience have become... (Review)
Review
As psychological resilience has been increasingly recognized as contextually constructed, mixed methods studies that map out local ecologies of resilience have become increasingly common. However, the direct adaptation of quantitative tools for cross-cultural use based on qualitative findings has been relatively lacking. The current review aims to provide an overview of existing measures of resilience used cross-culturally and to synthesize the protective and promotive factors and processes (PPFP) of resilience identified within these measures into a single resource. A January 2021 search of PubMed for studies of the development of psychological resilience measures that excluded studies of non-psychological resilience yielded 58 unique measures. These measures contain 54 unique PPFP of resilience, ranging from individual to communal-level characteristics. This review is intended to serve as a complementary tool for adapting standardized measures for stakeholders requiring an assessment tool that is attuned to their context for mental health risk assessment and intervention evaluation.
Topics: Humans; Protective Factors; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Resilience, Psychological
PubMed: 37097913
DOI: 10.1177/13634615231167661 -
The Science of the Total Environment Nov 2023With the increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) worldwide and no consistent results on PCBs and MetS. A meta-analysis to explore their relationship was... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
With the increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) worldwide and no consistent results on PCBs and MetS. A meta-analysis to explore their relationship was conducted. Given the high correlation and overlap of MetS with diabetes, analysis of diabetes risk, was used as a supplement to compare with MetS. Seven studies included MetS, 15 studies for diabetes, and one study included both outcomes. It was found that PCBs may not be a risk factor for MetS, but their high heterogeneity indicates that they are under-represented. In addition, our results showed that total PCBs might be a protective factor against diabetes. In the whole blood subgroup, which can reflect the accumulation of more than one body load, heterogeneity was reduced, and its OR value suggested that PCBs increased the risk of MetS in the whole blood biomaterial. DL-PCBs were positively associated with MetS and diabetes, while NDL-PCBs were negatively associated with diabetes. In the subgroup analysis of PCBs homologs, DL-PCB-126 and DL-PCB-118 were risk factors for MetS and diabetes, respectively. In addition, PCB-153 and 180 showed a dose-response relationship between them and diabetes mellitus, respectively. The results of total analysis of MetS and diabetes mellitus and subgroup analysis of PCBs were mixed, and this reason might be attributed to the different mechanisms of action and effect sizes of different PCBs, so based on subgroup results and in vivo and in vitro experiments, we considered PCBs to be a risk factor for MetS and diabetes. Due to various reasons, there are still many shortcomings in the evaluation of PCBs impact on human health, and more high-quality research are needed to further explore the role of PCBs of different species and congeners in MetS and diabetes.
Topics: Humans; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Metabolic Syndrome; Diabetes Mellitus; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37506918
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165773 -
International Journal of Gynaecology... Apr 2022Smoking is a major public health problem. However, its association with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is inconclusive. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Smoking is a major public health problem. However, its association with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is inconclusive.
OBJECTIVE
To find the association between smoking during pregnancy and HDP.
SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched PubMed, Ovid and Cochrane Library up to March, 2021, using terms including "smoking" and "HDP".
SELECTION CRITERIA
Observational studies that assessed the relationship between smoking during pregnancy and HDP were included.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), and other necessary data were extracted. Stata16.0 MP was used to analyze statistics.
MAIN RESULTS
A total of 13 studies were included. Meta-analysis revealed that smoking during pregnancy was a protective factor for HDP (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.67-0.92), gestational hypertension (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.69-0.79), and pre-eclampsia (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.58-0.73). Subgroup analysis showed that smoking during pregnancy was a risk factor for HDP in Asia but a protective factor in Europe and North America. Neither quitting smoking before pregnancy nor during pregnancy had a statistically significant association with HDP.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis revealed that smoking during pregnancy might prevent HDP, gestational hypertension, and pre-eclampsia. Smoking during pregnancy was a risk factor for HDP in Asia but a protective factor in Europe and North America.
Topics: Female; Humans; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Odds Ratio; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Smoking
PubMed: 33864264
DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13709 -
Trauma, Violence & Abuse Oct 2022Adolescent aggression is a global public health with long-lasting and costly emotional, social, and economic consequences, and it is of vital importance to identify... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Adolescent aggression is a global public health with long-lasting and costly emotional, social, and economic consequences, and it is of vital importance to identify those variables that can reduce these behaviors in this population. Therefore, there is a need to establish the protective factors of aggressive behavior in adolescence. While some research has demonstrated the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and various aggressive responses in adolescence, indicating that EI-or the ability to perceive, use, understand, and regulate emotions-could be considered a protective factor for the development of aggressive behavior in adolescence, the strength of this effect is not clear. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature concerning the relationship between aggressive behavior and EI in adolescents and provide a reliable estimate of the relationship between both constructs through a meta-analysis. For this purpose, we searched for relevant articles in English and Spanish in Medline, PsycINFO, and Scopus, obtaining 17 selectable articles based on the search terms used in research in the adolescent population. These studies provide scientific evidence of the relationship between the level of EI assessed from the three theoretical models of EI (performance-based ability model, self-report ability model, and self-report mixed model) and various aggressive responses, showing that adolescents with higher levels of EI show less aggressive behavior. Implications for interventions and guidelines for future research are discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Aggression; Emotional Intelligence; Humans; Protective Factors; Self Report
PubMed: 33568015
DOI: 10.1177/1524838021991296