-
Microbial Pathogenesis Mar 2022Escherichia coli accounts for nearly 80% of community-acquired and 50% of hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI). This study aimed to evaluate the correlation... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
A global systematic review and meta-analysis on correlation between biofilm producers and non-biofilm producers with antibiotic resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichiacoli.
Escherichia coli accounts for nearly 80% of community-acquired and 50% of hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI). This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between biofilm producers and Non-biofilm producers with antibiotic resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolated from patients with UTI globally. The search was conducted between 1st 2000 to 30 October 2021 in various databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of sciences, and Google Scholar) with suitable MeSH terms, and text words. Then, after applying the appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria on the studies for their selection, the data were analyzed by CMA software. Thirty-seven studies met the eligibility criteria to include. The pooled prevalence of ESBL and MDR isolates were reported 37.9%, and 65.8%, respectively. Biofilm formation varied between 13.3% and 99% all over the world. A total of 74.4% of all isolates were biofilm producers, out of which 28.6%, 35.2%, and 38.6% showed strong, moderate, and weak biofilm. The highest and lowest resistance was against Amoxicillin and Meropenem with the prevalence of 80.8%, and 13%, respectively. Fourteen out of 17(82.35%) studies reported a positive correlation between biofilm and antibiotic resistance. Findings showed high numbers of isolates were able to form biofilm, which is one of the factors of antibiotic resistance, and this has been confirmed by the positive significant correlation between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance that has been reported by studies included. Therefore, due to the importance of biofilm in the etiology of UTI caused by UPEC, it should be prevented; consequently, bacterial resistance can be reduced and controlled.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Urinary Tract Infections; Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
PubMed: 35065252
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105412 -
International Journal of Food... Oct 2023Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis is an emergent foodborne and zoonotic Salmonella serovar with critical implications for global health. In recent years, the... (Review)
Review
Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis is an emergent foodborne and zoonotic Salmonella serovar with critical implications for global health. In recent years, the prevalence of S. Infantis infections has increased in the United States, Europe, and Latin America, due to contaminated chicken and other foods. An essential trait of S. Infantis is its resistance to multiple antibiotics, including the critically important third-generation cephalosporins and quinolones, undermining effective medical treatment, particularly in low-resource settings. We describe the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Infantis, focusing on humans, animals, the environment, and food. We conducted a systematic review (1979-2021), selected 183 studies, and analyzed the origin, source, antimicrobial resistance, and presence of a conjugative plasmid of emerging S. Infantis (pESI) in reported isolates. S. Infantis has been detected worldwide, with a substantial increase since 2011. We found the highest number of isolations in the Americas (42.9 %), Europe (29.8 %), Western Pacific (17.2 %), Eastern Mediterranean (6.6 %), Africa (3.4 %), and South-East Asia (0.1 %). S. Infantis showed MDR patterns and numerous resistant genes in all sources. The primary source of MDR S. Infantis is broiler and their meat; however, this emerging pathogen is also present in other reservoirs such as food, wildlife, and the environment. Clinical cases of MDR S. Infantis have been reported in children and adults. The global emergence of S. Infantis is related to a plasmid (pESI) with antibiotic and arsenic- and mercury-resistance genes. Additionally, a new megaplasmid (pESI-like), carrying bla and antibiotic-resistant genes reported in an ancestral version, was detected in the broiler, human, and chicken meat isolates. Strains harboring pESI-like were primarily observed in the Americas and Europe. MDR S. Infantis has spread globally, potentially becoming a major public health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
Topics: Child; Animals; Humans; Salmonella enterica; Serogroup; Chickens; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37406596
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110297 -
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 2023Southeast Asia is attractive for tourism. Unfortunately, travelers to this region are at risk of becoming infected with Shigella. We conducted a meta-analysis to provide... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Southeast Asia is attractive for tourism. Unfortunately, travelers to this region are at risk of becoming infected with Shigella. We conducted a meta-analysis to provide updates on Shigella prevalence in Southeast Asia, along with their serogroups and serotypes.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic search using PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed studies from 2000 to November 2022. We selected studies that detected Shigella in stools by culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two reviewers extracted the data using a standardized form and performed quality assessments using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. The random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of Shigella.
RESULTS
During our search, we identified 4376 studies. 29 studies (from six Southeast Asian countries) were included in the systematic review, 21 each in the meta-analysis of the prevalence of Shigella (Sample size: 109545) and the prevalence of Shigella serogroups. The pooled prevalence of Shigella was 4% (95% CI: 4-5%) among diarrhea cases. Shigella sonnei was the most abundant serogroup in Thailand (74%) and Vietnam (57%), whereas Shigella flexneri was dominant in Indonesia (72%) and Cambodia (71%). Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella boydii were uncommon (pooled prevalence of 1% each). The pooled prevalence of Shigella was 5% (95% CI: 4-6%) in children aged <5 years. The pooled prevalence showed a decreasing trend comparing data collected between 2000-2013 (5%; 95% CI: 4-6%) and between 2014-2022 (3%; 95% CI: 2-4%). Shigella prevalence was 6% in studies that included participants with mixed pathogens versus 3% in those without. Shigella flexneri serotype 2a was the most frequently isolated (33%), followed by 3a (21%), 1b (10%), 2b (3%), and 6 (3%).
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides compelling evidence for the development of effective Shigella vaccines for residents of endemic regions and travellers to these areas.
Topics: Child; Humans; Dysentery, Bacillary; Shigella; Shigella dysenteriae; Shigella flexneri; Indonesia
PubMed: 36792021
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102554 -
Respiratory Investigation Mar 2022Urinary antigen tests (UATs) have been used for the early detection of legionellosis and have demonstrated moderate sensitivity and high specificity. However, the most... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Urinary antigen tests (UATs) have been used for the early detection of legionellosis and have demonstrated moderate sensitivity and high specificity. However, the most recent systematic review and meta-analysis published in 2009 evaluated the accuracy of UATs; since then, UAT accuracy may have changed owing to advances and developments in UAT technology and epidemiological changes in the frequency of Legionella species that cause legionellosis. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to update the accuracy of UATs for legionellosis among patients with suspected pneumonia.
METHODS
Overall, 1326 studies were screened, 21 of which fulfilled the eligibility criteria for quality assessment and meta-analysis. Data from 5772 patients, including 1368 (23.7%) with the target condition (i.e., suspected legionellosis), were included in the analysis. The overall quality of the included studies, which was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool, was unclear.
RESULTS
The calculated pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-0.85) and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.99-1.00), respectively. Subpopulation analysis revealed that the accuracy of UATs for sensitivity and specificity for Legionella pneumophilia serogroup 1 was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.78-0.91) and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.99-1.00), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that the sensitivity and specificity of UATs were moderate and high, respectively, which is comparable to the results reported in 2009. Therefore, UATs may be a useful method for the early detection of legionellosis caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
The review protocol was prospectively registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000041080).
Topics: Humans; Immunologic Tests; Legionella; Legionella pneumophila; Legionellosis; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 34972680
DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2021.11.011 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Dec 2023Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) commonly cause hospital-acquired infections and hospital outbreaks worldwide, with an alarming increase in Africa,... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) commonly cause hospital-acquired infections and hospital outbreaks worldwide, with an alarming increase in Africa, necessitating review of regional CRE epidemiological trends.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines, searching PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases for studies describing CRE distribution, risk factors for CRE acquisition and clinical outcome of CRE infections in Africa.
RESULTS
One-hundred and sixty-nine studies were included, with the majority from North Africa (92/169, 54.4%). Most studies (136/169; 80.4%) focused only on infection, with a total of 15666 CRE isolates (97.4% clinical infection, 2.6% colonisation). The leading bacterial species included Klebsiella (72.2%), Escherichia coli (13.5%), and Enterobacter (8.3%). The most frequently detected carbapenemases were NDM (43.1%) and OXA-48-like (42.9%). Sequence types were reported in 44 studies, with ST101 and ST147 most commonly reported in K. pneumoniae, and ST410, ST167 and ST38 in E. coli. Previous antibiotic use, prior hospitalisation, surgical procedures, indwelling devices, intensive care unit admission and prolonged hospital stay, were the most frequent factors associated with CRE infection/colonisation. Crude mortality for CRE infection was 37%.
CONCLUSION
Although K. pneumoniae and E. coli remain the most frequent CRE in Africa, observed sequence types are not the commonly reported global 'high-risk' clones. The distribution of species and carbapenemases differs across African regions, while risk factors for CRE colonisation/infection, and patient outcomes are similar to those reported globally. There are limited data on CREs from parts of Africa, highlighting the need to strengthen epidemiologic surveillance programmes in the region.
Topics: Humans; Carbapenems; Escherichia coli; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37879456
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.10.008 -
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases May 2022Non-typhoidal salmonella can cause serious, life-threatening invasive infections involving the bloodstream and other normally sterile sites. We aimed to systematically... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Non-typhoidal salmonella can cause serious, life-threatening invasive infections involving the bloodstream and other normally sterile sites. We aimed to systematically review the prevalence of complications and case-fatality ratio (CFR) of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease to provide contemporary global estimates and inform the development of vaccine and non-vaccine interventions.
METHODS
We did a global systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the complications and mortality associated with non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease. We searched Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PubMed for peer-reviewed, primary research articles published from database inception up to June 4, 2021, with no restrictions on language, country, date, or participant demographics. Only studies reporting the proportion of complications or deaths associated with non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease, confirmed by culture of samples taken from a normally sterile site (eg, blood or bone marrow) were included. We excluded case reports, case series, policy reports, commentaries, editorials, and conference abstracts. Data on the prevalence of complications and CFR were abstracted. The primary outcomes were to estimate the prevalence of complications and CFR of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease. We calculated an overall pooled CFR estimate and pooled CFR stratified by UN region, subregion, age group, and by serovar when available with a random-effects meta-analysis. A risk-of-bias assessment was done, and heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran's Q Test, I, and τ. This study was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, and is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020202293.
FINDINGS
The systematic review returned a total of 8770 records. After duplicates were removed, 5837 titles and abstracts were screened, yielding 84 studies from 35 countries after exclusions. Of these included studies, 77 (91·7%) were hospital-based and 66 (78·6%) were located in Africa or Asia. Among 55 studies reporting non-typhoidal salmonella disease-associated complications, a total of 45 different complications were reported and 1824 complication events were identified among 6974 study participants. The most prevalent complication was septicaemia, occurring in 171 (57·2%) of 299 participants, followed by anaemia in 580 (47·3%) of 1225 participants. From 81 studies reporting the CFR of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease, the overall pooled CFR estimate was 14·7% (95% CI 12·2-17·3). When stratified by UN region, the pooled CFR was 17·1% (13·6-21·0) in Africa, 14·0% (9·4-19·4) in Asia, 9·9% (6·4-14·0) in Europe, and 9·6% (0·0-25·1) in the Americas. Of all 84 studies, 66 (78·6%) had an overall high risk of bias, 18 (21·4%) had a moderate risk, and none had a low risk. Substantial heterogeneity (I>80%) was observed in most (15 [65·2%] of 23) CFR estimates.
INTERPRETATION
Complications were frequent among individuals with non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease and approximately 15% of patients died. Clinicians, especially in African countries, should be aware of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease as a cause of severe febrile illness. Prompt diagnoses and management decisions, including empiric antimicrobial therapy, would improve patient outcomes. Additionally, investments in improving clinical microbiology facilities to identify non-typhoidal salmonella and research efforts towards vaccine development and non-vaccine prevention measures would prevent non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease-associated illness and death.
FUNDING
EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
Topics: Africa; Asia; Europe; Humans; Prevalence; Salmonella
PubMed: 35114140
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00615-0 -
Helicobacter 2024Recent clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of vonoprazan-amoxicillin (VA) dual therapy as the first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection in different... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Recent clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of vonoprazan-amoxicillin (VA) dual therapy as the first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection in different regions with inconsistent results reported. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of VA dual therapy compared to the currently recommended therapy for eradicating H. pylori.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases was performed using the following search terms: ("Helicobacter" OR "H. pylori" OR "Hp") AND ("vonoprazan" OR "potassium-competitive acid blocker" OR "P-CAB") AND ("amoxicillin" OR "penicillin") AND ("dual"). The primary outcome was to evaluate the eradication rate according to intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis. The secondary outcomes were adverse events and compliance.
RESULTS
A total of 15 studies involving 4, 568 patients were included. The pooled eradication rate of VA dual therapy was 85.0% and 90.0% by intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis, respectively. The adverse events rate and compliance of VA dual therapy were 17.5% and 96%, respectively. The efficacy of VA dual therapy was superior to proton pump inhibitors-based triple therapy (82.0% vs. 71.4%, p < 0.01) but lower than vonoprazan-containing quadruple therapy (83.1% vs. 93.3%, p = 0.02). 7-day VA dual therapy showed lower eradication rates than 10-day (χ = 24.09, p < 0.01) and 14-day VA dual therapy (χ = 11.87, p < 0.01). The adverse events rate of VA dual therapy was lower than vonoprazan triple therapy (24.6% vs. 30.9%, p = 0.01) and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (20.5% vs. 47.9%, p < 0.01). No significant difference of compliance was observed between VA dual therapy and each subgroup.
CONCLUSION
VA dual therapy, a novel regimen, showed high efficacy as the first-line treatment for H. pylori eradication, which should be optimized before application in different regions.
Topics: Humans; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38036941
DOI: 10.1111/hel.13039 -
FEMS Microbiology Reviews Jan 2024Rhizosphere microbes play critical roles for plant's growth and health. Among them, the beneficial rhizobacteria have the potential to be developed as the biofertilizer...
Rhizosphere microbes play critical roles for plant's growth and health. Among them, the beneficial rhizobacteria have the potential to be developed as the biofertilizer or bioinoculants for sustaining the agricultural development. The efficient rhizosphere colonization of these rhizobacteria is a prerequisite for exerting their plant beneficial functions, but the colonizing process and underlying mechanisms have not been thoroughly reviewed, especially for the nonsymbiotic beneficial rhizobacteria. This review systematically analyzed the root colonizing process of the nonsymbiotic rhizobacteria and compared it with that of the symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria. This review also highlighted the approaches to improve the root colonization efficiency and proposed to study the rhizobacterial colonization from a holistic perspective of the rhizosphere microbiome under more natural conditions.
Topics: Alphaproteobacteria; Bacteria; Plant Roots; Rhizosphere; Soil Microbiology; Symbiosis
PubMed: 38093453
DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad066 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Oct 2022Biofilms pose a serious public health hazard with a significant economic impact on the food industry. The present scoping review is designed to analyse the literature... (Review)
Review
Biofilms pose a serious public health hazard with a significant economic impact on the food industry. The present scoping review is designed to analyse the literature published during 2001-2020 on biofilm formation of microbes, their detection methods, and association with antimicrobial resistance (if any). The peer-reviewed articles retrieved from 04 electronic databases were assessed using PRISMA-ScR guidelines. From the 978 preliminary search results, a total of 88 publications were included in the study. On analysis, the commonly isolated pathogens were Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Vibrio spp., Campylobacter jejuni and Clostridium perfringens. The biofilm-forming ability of microbes was found to be influenced by various factors such as attachment surfaces, temperature, presence of other species, nutrient availability etc. A total of 18 studies characterized the biofilm-forming genes, particularly for S. aureus, Salmonella spp., and E. coli. In most studies, polystyrene plate and/or stainless-steel coupons were used for biofilm formation, and the detection was carried out by crystal violet assays and/or by plate counting method. The strain-specific significant differences in biofilm formation were observed in many studies, and few studies carried out analysis of multi-species biofilms. The association between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance was not clearly defined. Further, viable but non-culturable form of the foodborne pathogens is posing an unseen (by conventional cultivation techniques) but potent threat to the food safety. The present review recommends the need for carrying out systematic surveys and risk analysis of biofilms in food chain to highlight the evidence-based public health concerns, especially in regions where microbiological food hazards are quite prevalent.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Colony Count, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Food Industry; Food Microbiology; Gentian Violet; Listeria monocytogenes; Polystyrenes; Salmonella; Stainless Steel; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 35945912
DOI: 10.1111/jam.15766 -
Journal of Food Protection Mar 2023In the past, studies on antimicrobial resistance were carried out on pathogens in the clinical areas. However, since then, this phenomenon has become a general case both... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
In the past, studies on antimicrobial resistance were carried out on pathogens in the clinical areas. However, since then, this phenomenon has become a general case both in the environment and in the food sector. This systematic review aimed to review the various scientific publications on the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics in foods in West Africa.
METHODS
An extensive literature search was carried out through an electronic database including PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and African Journals Online (AJOL). Articles published from fifteen countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) between 2010 and 2020 on antibiotic resistance of foodborne pathogens were included in the study. The titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles and then the full texts of the selected articles were reviewed.
RESULTS
Out of the 565 articles found in our initial research, 149 publications (26.55%) were considered suitable for inclusion in this review. Globally, 2018, 2019, and 2020 had more included papers (n = 21 to 25) than the other years. Of the 149 publications analyzed, four types of food commodities were identified as products of high consumption based on the number of publications in the field such as poultry (39/149), read-to-eat food (22/149), meat, and animal products (20/149). Most studies have shown that E. coli has the highest prevalence followed by Salmonella and Staphylococcus. Only 33 (22.14%) of the 149 publications were based on further molecular characterization of the isolates. Publications analyzed showed that the most prevalent detected genes were tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(K) blaTEM, catA1, catA2, cmlA, blaCTXM and qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, and qepA4.
CONCLUSION
From these results, antibiotic use in the food areas must be strongly regulated, especially in developing countries, particularly in Africa. This highlights the need to implement suitable and appropriate control strategies to reduce complications and prevent the dissemination of resistant bacteria isolates in foods. One health antimicrobial resistance surveillance system in the region must be a great concern.
Topics: Animals; Escherichia coli; Africa, Western; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36916564
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100061