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Cardiology in the Young Mar 2024This meta-analysis aimed to consolidate existing data from randomised controlled trials on hypoplastic left heart syndrome. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
This meta-analysis aimed to consolidate existing data from randomised controlled trials on hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
METHODS
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome specific randomised controlled trials published between January 2005 and September 2021 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were included. Regardless of clinical outcomes, we included all randomised controlled trials about hypoplastic left heart syndrome and categorised them according to their results. Two reviewers independently assessed for eligibility, relevance, and data extraction. The primary outcome was mortality after Norwood surgery. Study quality and heterogeneity were assessed. A random-effects model was used for analysis.
RESULTS
Of the 33 included randomised controlled trials, 21 compared right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt and modified Blalock-Taussig-Thomas shunt during the Norwood procedure, and 12 regarded medication, surgical strategy, cardiopulmonary bypass tactics, and ICU management. Survival rates up to 1 year were superior in the right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt group; this difference began to disappear at 3 years and remained unchanged until 6 years. The right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt group had a significantly higher reintervention rate from the interstage to the 6-year follow-up period. Right ventricular function was better in the modified Blalock-Taussig-Thomas shunt group 1-3 years after the Norwood procedure, but its superiority diminished in the 6-year follow-up. Randomised controlled trials regarding medical treatment, surgical strategy during cardiopulmonary bypass, and ICU management yielded insignificant results.
CONCLUSIONS
Although right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt appeared to be superior in the early period, the two shunts applied during the Norwood procedure demonstrated comparable long-term prognosis despite high reintervention rates in right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt due to pulmonary artery stenosis. For medical/perioperative management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome, further randomised controlled trials are needed to deliver specific evidence-based recommendations.
Topics: Humans; Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome; Blalock-Taussig Procedure; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Databases, Factual; Heart Ventricles; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37724575
DOI: 10.1017/S1047951123002986 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery May 2020Does the manipulation of the off-pump CABG (OPCAB) in patient with depressed left ventricular function is better than on-pump CABG (ONCAB) approach in in-hospital... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Does the manipulation of the off-pump CABG (OPCAB) in patient with depressed left ventricular function is better than on-pump CABG (ONCAB) approach in in-hospital mortality and morbidities? Here we undertook a meta-analysis of the best evidence available on the comparison of primary and second clinical outcomes of the off-pump and on-pump CABG.
DESIGN
Systematic literature reviewer and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science and Cochrane Center Registry of Controlled Trials were searched the studies which comparing the use of the off-pump CABG(OPCAB) and on-pump CABG (ONCAB) for patients with LVD during January 1990.1 to January 2018.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
All observation studies and randomized controlled trials comparing on-pump and off-pump as main technique for multi-vessel coronary artery disease (defined as severe stenosis (>70%) in at least 2 major diseased coronary arteries) with left ventricular dysfunction(defined as ejection fraction (EF) 40% or less) were included.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Authors will screen and select the studies extract the following data, first author, year of publication, trial characters, study design, inclusion and exclusion criteria, graft type, clinical outcome, assess the risk of bias and heterogeneity. Study-specific estimates will pool through the modification of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the quality of study and while leave-one-out analysis will be used to detect the impact of individual studies on the robustness of outcomes.
RESULTS
Among the 987 screened articles, a total of 16 studies (32,354 patients) were included. A significant relationship between patient risk profile and benefits from OPCAB was found in terms of the 30-day mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.97; P = 0.02), stroke (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55-0.86; P = 0.00), myocardial infarction (MI) (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53-0.96; P = 0.02), renal failure (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.55-0.93; P = 0.01), pulmonary complication (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.52-0.90; P = 0.01), infection (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.49-0.91; P = 0.00),postoperative transfusion (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.08-0.84; P = 0.02) and reoperation for bleeding (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.41-0.75; P = 0.00). There was no significant difference in atrial fibrillation (AF) (OR, 0.96;95%; CI, 0.78-1.41; P = 0.56) and neurological dysfunction (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.49-1.57; P = 0.65).
CONCLUSIONS
Compared with the on-pump CABG with LVD, using the off-pump CABG is a better choice for patients with lower mortality, stroke, MI, RF, pulmonary complication, infection, postoperative transfusion and reoperation for bleeding. Further randomized studies are warranted to corroborate these observational data.
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump; Coronary Artery Disease; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Odds Ratio; Reoperation; Stroke; Treatment Outcome; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left; Ventricular Function, Left
PubMed: 32393284
DOI: 10.1186/s13019-020-01115-0 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery Sep 2020Valve replacement surgery is the definitive management strategy for patients with severe valvular disease. However, valvular conduits currently in clinical use are... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Valve replacement surgery is the definitive management strategy for patients with severe valvular disease. However, valvular conduits currently in clinical use are associated with significant limitations. Tissue-engineered (decellularized) heart valves are alternative prostheses that have demonstrated promising early results. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to perform robust evaluation of the clinical performance of decellularized heart valves implanted in either outflow tract position, in comparison with standard tissue conduits.
METHODS
Systematic searches were conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for articles in which outcomes between decellularized heart valves surgically implanted within either outflow tract position of human subjects and standard tissue conduits were compared. Primary endpoints included postoperative mortality and reoperation rates. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model via the Mantel-Haenszel method.
RESULTS
Seventeen articles were identified, of which 16 were included in the meta-analysis. In total, 1418 patients underwent outflow tract reconstructions with decellularized heart valves and 2725 patients received standard tissue conduits. Decellularized heart valves were produced from human pulmonary valves and implanted within the right ventricular outflow tract in all cases. Lower postoperative mortality (4.7% vs. 6.1%; RR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.60-1.47; P = 0.77) and reoperation rates (4.8% vs. 7.4%; RR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.36-0.84; P = 0.0057) were observed in patients with decellularized heart valves, although only reoperation rates were statistically significant. There was no statistically significant heterogeneity between the analyzed articles (I = 31%, P = 0.13 and I = 33%, P = 0.10 respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Decellularized heart valves implanted within the right ventricular outflow tract have demonstrated significantly lower reoperation rates when compared to standard tissue conduits. However, in order to allow for more accurate conclusions about the clinical performance of decellularized heart valves to be made, there need to be more high-quality studies with greater consistency in the reporting of clinical outcomes.
Topics: Bioprosthesis; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Prosthesis Design; Pulmonary Valve; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis; Reference Standards; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 32948234
DOI: 10.1186/s13019-020-01292-y -
Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced... Dec 2023Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) is an alternative technique for patients with long-gap esophageal atresia (EA). It allows for preservation of the native...
Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) is an alternative technique for patients with long-gap esophageal atresia (EA). It allows for preservation of the native esophagus. We aimed to systematically summarize the current literature on MCA in EA. Studies where neonates with EA were treated with MCA devices were included, while studies on esophageal stenosis were excluded. All clinical studies, including comparative studies, case series, and case reports, were eligible for inclusion. Methodological quality assessment was performed using a validated tool. Twelve studies with a total of 42 patients were included in this review. There was a wide variation among these studies with regard to the time of initiation of MCA (1 day to 7 months), procedure time (13-320 minutes), and magnet characteristics (strength, size, and shape of the magnets used). The time to achieve anastomosis ranged from 1 to 12 days. Stricture at the anastomotic site was reported in almost all the patients, which required multiple endoscopic dilatations (median no. of dilatations/patient = 9.8). Stent placement for refractory stricture was required in 9 (21%) patients, and surgery for stricture was required in 6 (14%) patients. Long-term outcomes included esophageal dysmotility ( = 3) and recurrent pulmonary infections ( = 3) were reported in only four studies. As per the findings of this review, neonates with long-gap EA undergoing MCA would invariably require multiple sittings of endoscopic dilatations (median no. of dilatations/patient = 9.8). Also, there is a wide variation among the included studies in terms of the procedure of MCA. Future studies with a standardized procedure for achieving MCA are needed to determine additional outcomes in this fragile patient population.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Esophageal Atresia; Constriction, Pathologic; Esophageal Stenosis; Anastomosis, Surgical; Magnetic Phenomena; Treatment Outcome; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37603306
DOI: 10.1089/lap.2023.0295 -
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy Aug 2021To evaluate clinical literature for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) therapy for non-Food and Drug Administration approved indications.
Off-label Use for Direct Oral Anticoagulants: Valvular Atrial Fibrillation, Heart Failure, Left Ventricular Thrombus, Superficial Vein Thrombosis, Pulmonary Hypertension-a Systematic Review.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate clinical literature for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) therapy for non-Food and Drug Administration approved indications.
DATA SOURCES
Articles from MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and OVID databases were reviewed from 1946 through September 4, 2020.
STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION
Fully published studies assessing DOACs for atrial fibrillation (AF) with valvular heart disease (VHD), heart failure (HF), left ventricular thrombus (LVT), superficial vein thrombosis (SVT), or pulmonary hypertension (PH) were evaluated.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Our review showed that DOACs are safe to use in patients with AF and VHD except for mitral stenosis or mechanical heart valve. Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily should be used with caution in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction until further evaluation is performed. Four retrospective studies for DOAC use in patients with LVT showed conflicting results. One phase 3 randomized controlled trial showed noninferiority of rivaroxaban to fondaparinux for SVT treatment. The use of DOACs for pulmonary arterial hypertension was not evaluated in any clinical study, but 2 retrospective studies for the use of DOACs in patients with chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH) showed similar efficacy between DOACs and warfarin.
RELEVANCE TO PATIENT CARE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
This review provides clinicians with a comprehensive literature review surrounding DOAC use in common off-label indications.
CONCLUSION
DOACs can be considered for AF complicated by VHD except for mitral stenosis or mechanical valve replacement. DOACs (especially rivaroxaban) are considered as an alternative therapy for SVT and CTEPH. Further prospective studies for DOAC uses are needed for HF or LVT.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Anticoagulants; Atrial Fibrillation; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Off-Label Use; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Stroke; Thrombosis
PubMed: 33148014
DOI: 10.1177/1060028020970618 -
European Journal of Pediatric Surgery :... Oct 2023Rectal atresia (RA) affects only 1 to 2% of all children with anorectal malformations. No consensus on optimal treatment strategy is yet achieved. Therefore, the aim of...
Rectal atresia (RA) affects only 1 to 2% of all children with anorectal malformations. No consensus on optimal treatment strategy is yet achieved. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to summarize all surgical interventions for RA and outcomes described in the current literature. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library on January 24, 2022. All studies describing treatment for RA in children (< 18 years) were included. Operation technique and postoperative complications were listed. Only descriptive analysis was anticipated. Quality of the studies was assessed using Johanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for case reports and series. The search yielded 6,716 studies of which, after duplicate removal, 4,028 were excluded based on title and abstract screening. After full-text assessment, 22 of 90 studies were included, yielding 70 patients. Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) and pull-through were most performed (43/70 and 18/70 patients, respectively). Four patients experienced postoperative complications: anal stenosis ( = 1), anastomotic stenosis ( = 2), and death due to a pulmonary complication ( = 1). In the low-quality literature available, most patients with RA are treated with PSARP or pull-through technique. A low complication rate of both has been described but follow-up was often not mentioned. Larger well-designed studies should be performed to determine optimal treatment strategy for children with RA. This study reflects level of evidence V.
Topics: Humans; Child; Anorectal Malformations; Constriction, Pathologic; Anal Canal; Rectum; Rectal Diseases; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36516962
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758152 -
Systematic Reviews Oct 2020Dextro-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) is the most frequent cyanotic congenital heart pathology in neonates. Surgical correction of this condition is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Dextro-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) is the most frequent cyanotic congenital heart pathology in neonates. Surgical correction of this condition is possible using the arterial switch operation (ASO) which was first performed by Jatene in 1975.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to summarise the evidence on short- (less than 1 year), medium- (1-20 years), and long-term (more than 20 years) outcomes of children with D-TGA treated with the ASO. The primary outcome was survival. Secondary outcomes were freedom from cardiac reoperations, occurrence of aortic insufficiency, pulmonary stenosis, coronary artery anomalies, neuropsychological development problems and quality of life.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, and reference lists of included articles for studies reporting outcomes after ASO for D-TGA. Screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were done independently by two reviewers. We pooled data using a random-effects meta-analysis of proportions and, where not possible, outcomes were synthesized narratively. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome.
MAIN RESULTS
Following ASO for TGA, short-term survival was 92.0% (95% CI 91.0-93.0%; I = 85.8%, 151 studies, 30,186 participants; moderate certainty evidence). Medium-term survival was 90.0% (95% CI 89.0-91.0%; I = 84.3%, 133 studies; 23,686 participants, moderate certainty evidence), while long-term survival was 87.0% (95% CI 80.0-92.0 %; I = 84.5%, 4 studies, 933 participants, very low certainty evidence). Evaluation of the different secondary outcomes also showed satisfactory results in the short, medium and long term. Subgroup analysis suggests slightly higher survival following ASO for TGA in the second surgical era (1998 to 2018) than in the first surgical era (1975 to 1997) in the short and medium term [93.0% (95% CI 92.0-94.0) vs 90.0% (95% CI 89.0-92.0) and 93.0% (95% CI 91.0-94.0) vs 88.0% (87.0-90.0%) respectively] but not in the long term [81.0% (95% CI 76.0-86.0%) vs 89.0% (80.0-95.0%)].
CONCLUSIONS
Pooled data from many sources suggests that the ASO for D-TGA leads to high rates of survival in the short, medium, and long term.
Topics: Arterial Switch Operation; Arteries; Child; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Quality of Life; Reoperation; Transposition of Great Vessels; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33028389
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01487-3 -
World Journal For Pediatric &... Mar 2024The Ross-Konno procedure is a technically demanding surgical option to treat multilevel left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. A systematic review with pooled...
The Ross-Konno procedure is a technically demanding surgical option to treat multilevel left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. A systematic review with pooled analyses was conducted according to PRISMA criteria on studies published between January 2000 and May 2022 that assessed outcomes following the Ross-Konno intervention in children. Individual patient data were extracted from published Kaplan-Meier curves using digitalization software. Overall survival and freedom from reintervention were assessed by time-to-event approaches. Determinants of one-year survival were investigated by meta-regression analyses. Ten studies with a total population of 274 patients were included. The overall pooled early (≤30 days) survival rate was 86.9% (95% CI [87.6%-78.4%]). Five-year survival rates in patients without and with (N = 50 [18.2%] of 274 total patients) concomitant mitral valve surgery were 82.5% (95% CI [87.6%-77.4%]) versus 56.1% (95% CI [74.1%-38.1%]), hazard ratio 2.67, 95% CI (1.44-4.93), < .0001. Five- and ten-year freedom from pulmonary autograft reoperation rates were 93.5% and 90.9%, respectively. Five- and ten-year freedom from right ventricular outflow tract reoperation rates were 74.3% and 57.3%, respectively. By meta-regression analysis, resection of endocardial fibroelastosis (N = 32 [11.7%] of 274 total patients) was associated with superior one-year survival ( = .027). The Ross-Konno procedure is associated with substantial early mortality and gradual attrition thereafter. Mortality is higher in patients with concomitant mitral valve surgery. Resection of endocardial fibroelastosis is associated with superior survival. Right ventricular outflow tract reinterventions are common.
PubMed: 38454620
DOI: 10.1177/21501351241232075