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Skin Research and Technology : Official... Jun 2023Acne scar is a persistent complication of acne vulgaris. However, the prevalence and risk factors are still unclear. This study aimed to assess the global prevalence and...
BACKGROUND
Acne scar is a persistent complication of acne vulgaris. However, the prevalence and risk factors are still unclear. This study aimed to assess the global prevalence and risk factors of acne scars in patients with acne.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search of published studies in three databases was performed and the meta-analyses were conducted.
RESULTS
Finally, we included 37 studies involving 24 649 acne patients. And, the pooled prevalence of acne scars in these patients was 47% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38-56%). Besides, the differences in prevalence were observed based on the subgroup analysis for age, gender, acne severity, source of patients, and so on. Subsequently, we quantified the relationship of three risk factors with acne scars: male gender (odds ratio [OR]: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.19-2.09), positive family history of acne (OR: 2.73, 95% CI: 1.26-5.91), and acne severity (OR for moderate acne: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.54-3.57; OR for severe acne: 5.51, 95% CI: 2.45-12.41).
CONCLUSION
Herein, we found that 47% of acne patients suffered from acne scars and identified three risk factors: male gender, positive family history of acne, and acne severity. In order to reduce acne scarring, attention and effective therapy early in the course of acne is important.
Topics: Humans; Male; Acne Vulgaris; Cicatrix; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37357642
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13386 -
Techniques in Coloproctology Jun 2021Pilonidal sinus is a hole in the natal cleft which may cause severe pain and become infected. The evidence base for management of pilonidal sinus is said to be poor... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pilonidal sinus is a hole in the natal cleft which may cause severe pain and become infected. The evidence base for management of pilonidal sinus is said to be poor quality, poorly focused and rapidly proliferating. We undertook a systematic mapping review to provide a broad overview of the field and support the identification of research priorities.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE from inception to 22nd Nov 2020 for primary research studies focused on the management of pilonidal sinus. We extracted data on study design and categorised studies under five major headings ('non-surgical treatment', 'surgical treatment', 'aftercare' and 'other'), producing frequency counts for different study designs. Gaps in research were identified from published systematic reviews and tabulated.
RESULTS
We identified 983 eligible studies, of which 36 were systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses; 121 were randomised controlled trials), and 826 observational studies of various design. The majority of studies evaluated surgical techniques (n = 665), or adjuvant medical interventions (n = 98). The literature on wound care has developed most recently, and the evidence base includes 30% randomised controlled trials. Gaps analysis highlighted comparison of surgical techniques including flaps, laser depilation, and wound care interventions as potential areas for randomised controlled trials.
CONCLUSIONS
This mapping review summarises eight decades of research on the management of pilonidal sinus. Further research is needed to identify front-running interventions, understand variation in practice and patient values, and to prioritise future research.
Topics: Hair Removal; Humans; Pilonidal Sinus; Skin Diseases; Surgical Flaps; Wound Healing
PubMed: 33728570
DOI: 10.1007/s10151-021-02432-9 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2022One of the possible alternatives for creating materials for the regeneration of bone tissue supporting comprehensive reconstruction is the incorporation of active... (Review)
Review
One of the possible alternatives for creating materials for the regeneration of bone tissue supporting comprehensive reconstruction is the incorporation of active substances whose controlled release will improve this process. This systematic review aimed to identify and synthesize in vitro studies that assess the suitability of polyphenolics as additives to polymer-ceramic composite bone regeneration materials. Data on experimental studies in terms of the difference in mechanical, wettability, cytocompatibility, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of materials were synthesized. The obtained numerical data were compiled and analyzed in search of percentage changes of these parameters. The results of the systematic review were based on data from forty-six studies presented in nineteen articles. The addition of polyphenolic compounds to composite materials for bone regeneration improved the cytocompatibility and increased the activity of early markers of osteoblast differentiation, indicating a high osteoinductive potential of the materials. Polyphenolic compounds incorporated into the materials presumably give them high antioxidant properties and reduce the production of reactive oxygen species in macrophage cells, implying anti-inflammatory activity. The evidence was limited by the number of missing data and the heterogeneity of the data.
Topics: Antioxidants; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Regeneration; Ceramics; Polyphenols; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 35806482
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137473 -
Journal of Biomaterials Applications Sep 2023The growing demand for more efficient materials for medical applications brought together two previously distinct fields: medicine and engineering. Regenerative medicine... (Review)
Review
The growing demand for more efficient materials for medical applications brought together two previously distinct fields: medicine and engineering. Regenerative medicine has evolved with the engineering contributions to improve materials and devices for medical use. In this regard, graphene is one of the most promising materials for bone tissue engineering and its potential for bone repair has been studied by several research groups. The aim of this study is to conduct a scoping review including articles published in the last 12 years (from 2010 to 2022) that have used graphene and its derivatives (graphene oxide and reduced graphene) in preclinical studies for bone tissue regeneration, searching in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and clinicaltrials.gov (to confirm no study has started with clinical trial). Boolean searches were performed using the defined key words "bone" and "graphene", and manuscript abstracts were uploaded to Rayyan, a web-tool for systematic and scoping reviews. This scoping review was conducted based on Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Scoping Reviews and the report follows the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - (PRISMA-) statement. After the search protocol and application of the inclusion criteria, 77 studies were selected and evaluated by five blinded researchers. Most of the selected studies used composite materials associated with graphene and its derivatives to natural and synthetic polymers, bioglass, and others. Although a variety of graphene materials were analyzed in these studies, they all concluded that graphene, its derivatives, and its composites improve bone repair processes by increasing osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, new bone formation, and angiogenesis. Thus, this systematic review opens up new opportunities for the development of novel strategies for bone tissue engineering with graphene.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Tissue Engineering; Bone and Bones; Regenerative Medicine; Bone Regeneration
PubMed: 37493398
DOI: 10.1177/08853282231188805 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jul 2023Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are a serious manifestation of chronic venous disease affecting up to 3% of the adult population. This typically recalcitrant and recurring... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are a serious manifestation of chronic venous disease affecting up to 3% of the adult population. This typically recalcitrant and recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The longstanding mainstay treatment for VLUs is compression therapy. Surgical removal of incompetent veins reduces the risk of ulcer recurrence. However, open surgery is an unpopular option amongst people with VLU, and many people are unsuitable for it. The efficacy of the newer, minimally-invasive endovenous techniques has been established in uncomplicated superficial venous disease, and these techniques can also be used in the management of VLU. When used with compression, endovenous ablation aims to further reduce pressure in the veins of the leg, which may impact ulcer healing.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the effects of superficial endovenous ablation on the healing and recurrence of venous leg ulcers and the quality of life of people with venous ulcer disease.
SEARCH METHODS
In April 2022 we searched the Cochrane Wounds Specialised Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); Ovid MEDLINE (including In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations); Ovid Embase and EBSCO CINAHL Plus. We also searched clinical trials registries for ongoing and unpublished studies, and scrutinised reference lists of relevant included studies as well as reviews, meta-analyses and health technology reports to identify additional studies. There were no restrictions on the language of publication, but there was a restriction on publication year from 1998 to April 2022 as superficial endovenous ablation is a comparatively new technology.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing endovenous ablative techniques with compression versus compression therapy alone for the treatment of VLU were eligible for inclusion. Studies needed to have assessed at least one of the following primary review outcomes related to objective measures of ulcer healing such as: proportion of ulcers healed at a given time point; time to complete healing; change in ulcer size; proportion of ulcers recurring over a given time period or at a specific point; or ulcer-free days. Secondary outcomes of interest were patient-reported quality of life, economic data and adverse events.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two reviewers independently assessed studies for eligibility, extracted data, carried out risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane RoB 1 tool, and assessed GRADE certainty of evidence.
MAIN RESULTS
The previous version of this review found no RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria. In this update, we identified two eligible RCTs and included them in a meta-analysis. There was a total of 506 participants with an active VLU, with mean durations of 3.1 months ± 1.1 months in the EVRA trial and 60.5 months ± 96.4 months in the VUERT trial. Both trials randomised participants to endovenous treatment and compression or compression alone, however the compression alone group in the EVRA trial received deferred endovenous treatment (after ulcer healing or from six months). There is high-certainty evidence that combined endovenous ablation and compression compared with compression therapy alone, or compression with deferred endovenous treatment, improves time to complete ulcer healing (pooled hazard ratio (HR) 1.41, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.47; I = 0%; 2 studies, 466 participants). There is moderate-certainty evidence that the proportion of ulcers healed at 90 days is probably higher with combined endovenous ablation and compression compared with compression therapy alone or compression with deferred endovenous treatment (risk ratio (RR) 1.14, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.30; I = 0%; 2 studies, 466 participants). There is low-certainty evidence showing an unclear effect on ulcer recurrence at one year in people with healed ulcers with combined endovenous treatment and compression when compared with compression alone or compression with deferred endovenous treatment (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.03 to 2.48; I = 78%; 2 studies, 460 participants). There is also low-certainty evidence that the median number of ulcer-free days at one year may not differ (306 (interquartile range (IQR) 240 to 328) days versus 278 (IQR 175 to 324) days) following combined endovenous treatment and compression when compared with compression and deferred endovenous treatment; (1 study, 450 participants). There is low-certainty evidence of an unclear effect in rates of thromboembolism between groups (RR 2.02, 95% CI 0.51 to 7.97; I = 78%, 2 studies, 506 participants). The addition of endovenous ablation to compression is probably cost-effective at one year (99% probability at GBP 20,000/QALY; 1 study; moderate-certainty evidence).
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Endovenous ablation of superficial venous incompetence in combination with compression improves leg ulcer healing when compared with compression alone. This conclusion is based on high-certainty evidence. There is moderate-certainty evidence to suggest that it is probably cost-effective at one year and low certainty evidence of unclear effects on recurrence and complications. Further research is needed to explore the additional benefit of endovenous ablation in ulcers of greater than six months duration and the optimal modality of endovenous ablation.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Varicose Ulcer; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Wound Healing; Veins; Leg Ulcer
PubMed: 37497816
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009494.pub3 -
Biomolecules Jun 2022Muscle injuries are frequent in individuals with genetic myopathies and in athletes. Skeletal muscle regeneration depends on the activation and differentiation of... (Review)
Review
Muscle injuries are frequent in individuals with genetic myopathies and in athletes. Skeletal muscle regeneration depends on the activation and differentiation of satellite cells present in the basal lamina of muscle fibers. The skeletal muscle environment is critical for repair, metabolic and homeostatic function. Regulatory T cells (Treg) residing within skeletal muscle comprise a distinct and special cell population that modifies the inflammatory environment by secreting cytokines and amphiregulin, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand that acts directly upon satellite cells, promoting tissue regeneration. This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of Treg in muscle repair and discusses their therapeutic potential in skeletal muscle injuries. A bibliographic search was carried out using the terms Treg and muscle regeneration and repair, covering all articles up to April 2021 indexed in the PubMed and EMBASE databases. The search included only published original research in human and experimental animal models, with further data analysis based on the PICO methodology, following PRISMA definitions and Cochrane guidelines.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Humans; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Diseases; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Wound Healing
PubMed: 35740942
DOI: 10.3390/biom12060817 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Mar 2022How the performance of dental implants is related to their occlusogingival placement, crestal or subcrestal, is unclear. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
How the performance of dental implants is related to their occlusogingival placement, crestal or subcrestal, is unclear.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate marginal bone loss, implant survival rate, and peri-implant soft tissue parameters between implants placed at the crestal and subcrestal bone level.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Two independent reviewers searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for randomized clinical trials published up to September 2020. The meta-analysis was based on the Mantel-Haenszel and the inverse variance methods (α=.05).
RESULTS
The search identified 928 references, and 10 studies met the eligibility criteria. A total of 393 participants received 709 implants, 351 at crestal bone levels and 358 at subcrestal bone levels. Meta-analysis indicated that crestal bone level implants showed similar marginal bone loss to that seen with subcrestal bone level implants (mm) (P=.79), independent of the subcrestal level (P=.05) and healing protocol (P=.24). The bone level implant placement did not affect the implant survival rate (P=.76), keratinized tissue (mm) (P=.91), probing depth (mm) (P=.70), or plaque index (%) (P=.92).
CONCLUSIONS
The evidence suggests that both approaches of implant placement are clinically acceptable in terms of peri-implant tissue parameters and implant-supported restoration survival.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Humans; Wound Healing
PubMed: 33358610
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.11.003 -
The International Journal of Oral &... 2023To evaluate the performance of one- and two-piece ceramic implants regarding implant survival and success and patient satisfaction. This review followed the PRISMA... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
To evaluate the performance of one- and two-piece ceramic implants regarding implant survival and success and patient satisfaction. This review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines using PICO format and analyzed clinical studies of partially or completely edentulous patients. The electronic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords related to dental zirconia ceramic implants, and 1,029 records were received for detailed screening. The data obtained from the literature were analyzed by single-arm, weighted meta-analyses using a random-effects model. Forest plots were used to synthesize pooled means and 95% CI for the change in marginal bone level (MBL) for short-term (1 year), mid-term (2 to 5 years), and long-term (over 5 years) follow-up time intervals. Among the 155 included studies, the case reports, review articles, and preclinical studies were analyzed for background information. A meta-analysis was performed for 11 studies for one-piece implants. The results indicated that the MBL change after 1 year was 0.94 ± 0.11 mm, with a lower bound of 0.72 and an upper bound of 1.16. For the mid term, the MBL was 1.2 ± 0.14 mm with a lower bound of 0.92 and an upper bound of 1.48. For the long term, the MBL change was 1.24 ± 0.16 mm with a lower bound of 0.92 and an upper bound of 1.56. Based on this literature review, one-piece ceramic implants achieve osseointegration similar to titanium implants, with a stable MBL or a slight bone gain after an individual initial design depending on crestal remodeling. The risk of implant fracture is low for current commercially available implants. Immediate loading or temporization of the implants does not interfere with the course of osseointegration. Scientific evidence for two-piece implants is rare.
Topics: Humans; Dental Implants; Ceramics; Dental Restoration, Temporary; Mouth, Edentulous; Osseointegration
PubMed: 37436947
DOI: 10.11607/jomi.10500 -
International Journal of Biological... Dec 2022Lignin is a major phenolic polymer from the plant biomass. Due to its abundant functional groups (carboxyl and hydroxyl groups), lignin could act as an antioxidant,... (Review)
Review
Lignin is a major phenolic polymer from the plant biomass. Due to its abundant functional groups (carboxyl and hydroxyl groups), lignin could act as an antioxidant, antimicrobial as well as an immune modulator. These remarkable biological properties render lignin a highly potential bioactive candidate in the biomedical applications including tissue engineering. Although several effective applications of lignin-based composites have been reported in tissues repairing and organ regeneration, a systematic review to summarize the recent utilization of lignin-based composites in different tissue engineering fields is still lacking. Hence, the aim of this review is to delineate the biological functions of lignin and to highlight the latest applications of lignin-based composites in different tissue engineering fields, such as bone regeneration, organ regeneration and wound dressing. This review will serve as an illuminating resource to direct and promote the biomedical applications of lignin and lignin-based composites.
Topics: Tissue Engineering; Lignin; Bone Regeneration; Polymers; Biomass
PubMed: 36191783
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.267 -
Theranostics 2022In recent decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs), as bioactive cell-secreted nanoparticles which are involved in various physiological and pathological processes... (Review)
Review
In recent decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs), as bioactive cell-secreted nanoparticles which are involved in various physiological and pathological processes including cell proliferation, immune regulation, angiogenesis and tissue repair, have emerged as one of the most attractive nanotherapeutics for regenerative medicine. Herein we provide a systematic review of the latest progress of EVs for regenerative applications. Firstly, we will briefly introduce the biogenesis, function and isolation technology of EVs. Then, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of the native unmodified EVs and engineering strategies of the modified EVs as regenerative entities will be discussed. Subsequently, the main focus will be placed on the tissue repair and regeneration applications of EVs on various organs including brain, heart, bone and cartilage, liver and kidney, as well as skin. More importantly, current clinical trials of EVs for regenerative medicine will also be briefly highlighted. Finally, the future challenges and insightful perspectives of the currently developed EV-based nanotherapeutics in biomedicine will be discussed. In short, the bioactive EV-based nanotherapeutics have opened new horizons for biologists, chemists, nanoscientists, pharmacists, as well as clinicians, making possible powerful tools and therapies for regenerative medicine.
Topics: Extracellular Vesicles; Kidney; Nanoparticles; Regenerative Medicine; Wound Healing
PubMed: 35836815
DOI: 10.7150/thno.72812