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Journal of Interprofessional Care 2021Interprofessional education (IPE) is a prerequisite to building a collaborative practice environment and optimizing patient care. The purpose of this systematic review...
Interprofessional education (IPE) is a prerequisite to building a collaborative practice environment and optimizing patient care. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the impact of IPE on outcomes related to health-care pre-licensure learners and professionals, including: changes in attitudes/perceptions; acquisition of knowledge regarding other disciplines' roles and development of collaborative skills; and change in collaborative behavior. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and ERIC for studies published from 2007 to 2017 in English; 19 studies were eligible. The Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. Thirteen studies used a quasi-experimental design. The studies varied in terms of setting, teaching methods, assessment measures, and quality. Seventeen of the 19 studies (89%) that assessed change in attitudes toward other disciplines and value placed on a team-based approach for improving patient care, found statistically significant improvements. All seven of the studies that assessed change in collaborative behavior found statistically significant improvements. Among the 12 studies that assessed the development of collaborative skills, there were mixed results. Future directions include: conducting more studies among health-care professionals, assessing the long-term impact of IPE, objectively assessing change in collaborative behavior, and assessing the impact of IPE on patient-centered outcomes.
Topics: Cooperative Behavior; Delivery of Health Care; Humans; Interprofessional Education; Interprofessional Relations; Students
PubMed: 31865823
DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2019.1697214 -
Revista Paulista de Pediatria : Orgao... 2021This study aims to analyze the effects of social isolation on children's and teenagers' development, with emphasis on the possible impacts over their physical and mental...
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to analyze the effects of social isolation on children's and teenagers' development, with emphasis on the possible impacts over their physical and mental health.
DATA SOURCE
Review of the literature following the standards of PRISMA using the SciELO, LILACS and PubMed databases. The following key-words were used: "social isolation" and "child development", "quarantine" and "adolescent development" according to the Medical Subject Headings (MESH) and their translation to the Portuguese. Studies in English, Portuguese and Spanish from inception were included.
DATA SYNTHESIS
519 studies were screened and 12 were included in the systematic review. Five of those focused the psychology and social issues, two of them the effects of pandemics on these issues; four studies reported on impacts on general health and two consequences over the hypothalamus- hypophysis - adrenal axis and the cognitive and social development.
CONCLUSIONS
The review shows a strong association between social isolation and anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Social isolation leads to higher levels of cortisol and worse cognitive development. Therefore, the mental and physical health of children and adolescents need a careful follow up by health professionals during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adolescent Development; COVID-19; Child; Child Behavior; Child Development; Humans; Mental Health; Social Change; Social Isolation
PubMed: 34614137
DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2022/40/2020385 -
Health & Social Care in the Community Jan 2020Homelessness is associated with high risks of morbidity and premature death. Many interventions aimed to improve physical and mental health exist, but do not reach the...
Homelessness is associated with high risks of morbidity and premature death. Many interventions aimed to improve physical and mental health exist, but do not reach the population of persons experiencing homelessness. Despite the widely reported unmet healthcare needs, more information about the barriers and facilitators that affect access to care for persons experiencing homelessness is needed. A systematic integrative review was performed to explore experiences and needs of health- and social care for persons experiencing homelessness. The following databases were searched: AMED, ASSIA, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Cochrane library, Nursing and Allied Database, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection. Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria of empirical studies with adult persons experiencing homelessness, English language, and published 2008-2018. Fifty percent of the studies were of qualitative and quantitative design, respectively. Most studies (73%) were conducted in the United States (n=11) and Canada (n=5). The analysis resulted in three themes Unmet basic human needs, Interpersonal dimensions of access to care, and Structural and organizational aspects to meet needs. The findings highlight that persons in homelessness often must prioritize provision for basic human needs, such as finding shelter and food, over getting health- and social care. Bureaucracy and rigid opening hours, as well as discrimination and stigma, hinder these persons' access to health- and social care.
Topics: Health Services Accessibility; Health Services Needs and Demand; Ill-Housed Persons; Housing; Humans; Prejudice; Social Problems; Social Stigma; United States
PubMed: 31524327
DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12857 -
Journal of Interprofessional Care 2020Professionals in healthcare are increasingly encouraged to work together. This has acted as a catalyst for research on interprofessional collaboration. Authors suggest...
Professionals in healthcare are increasingly encouraged to work together. This has acted as a catalyst for research on interprofessional collaboration. Authors suggest developing interprofessional collaboration is not just the job of managers and policy makers; it also requires active contributions of professionals. Empirical understanding of whether professionals make such contributions and if so, how and why, remains fragmented. This systematic review of 64 studies from the past 20 years shows there is considerable evidence for professionals actively contributing to interprofessional collaboration. Although the evidence is limited, we can show they do so in three distinct ways: by professional, social, physical and task-related , by in roles and tasks, and by to be able to do so. Professionals from different professions seem to make different contributions. Moreover, differences exist between collaborative settings and healthcare subsectors. We conclude by proposing a research agenda to advance our understanding of these contributions in theoretical, methodological and empirical ways.
Topics: Cooperative Behavior; Health Personnel; Humans; Interprofessional Relations; Negotiating; Social Behavior
PubMed: 31329469
DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2019.1636007 -
Autism Research : Official Journal of... Jan 2022Autism can be understood as a concealable stigmatized identity. This is the first systematic review to synthesize the literature on autistic people's experiences of... (Review)
Review
Autism can be understood as a concealable stigmatized identity. This is the first systematic review to synthesize the literature on autistic people's experiences of stigma and coping strategies. 2877 studies were screened and 27 were included in this review. The reviewed literature demonstrates that autistic individuals are acutely aware of being stereotyped, judged, and discriminated by others. Autistic people also show signs of internalizing stigma, rendering them more vulnerable to low self-worth and poorer mental health. To manage the impact of stigma, the included studies suggest that autistic individuals may use these strategies: concealment and camouflaging, selective disclosure and self-advocacy, as well as positive reframing and reconstructing identity. However, the evidence is limited and mixed in terms of how helpful and effective these strategies are. Future studies should include autistic populations with a wider range of intellectual abilities and explore interventions that can support autistic people in managing stigma to supplement interventions that seek to reduce stigma towards autistic people. The power of language in perpetuating and challenging stigma also has important implications for research and practice, underscoring the need for researchers and practitioners to reflect carefully on the messages they are communicating about autism.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Humans; Social Stigma; Stereotyping
PubMed: 34881514
DOI: 10.1002/aur.2652 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022Animal-assisted therapy has become a fast-growing and effective approach for remediating core impairments of children with ASD; however, recent systematic review studies... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Animal-assisted therapy has become a fast-growing and effective approach for remediating core impairments of children with ASD; however, recent systematic review studies on the effects of AAT in children with ASD have some limitations, including referral to a variety of animal-assisted interventions rather than to horseback-riding therapy alone and the absence of any meta-analysis in systematic reviews. A complete systematic review of the studies that describe the use of THR as an intervention is needed to specifically target the core impairments of children with ASD. The purpose of this study was to employ the systematic review method to synthesize research findings regarding the effects of THR programs on the social interaction and communication skills of children with ASD. We conducted a structured search in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched for potentially relevant studies in five databases (Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus) from inception until February 2022. In addition, we manually searched the bibliographies of the included studies to find articles that might otherwise have been missed. We considered articles eligible or ineligible if they satisfied specific inclusion or exclusion criteria. Our results showed that the THR program is an effective direct and alternative therapeutic program that can considerably improve the social behaviors and communication skills of children with ASD and can effectively impact autistic impairments in areas such as social awareness, social cognition, social motivation, and social communication. These findings are in line with those of previous studies; however, we did not find statistical evidence of any effect of THR on the autistic behaviors of irritability, stereotypy, and inappropriate speech. In conclusion, the findings produced by this meta-analysis study provide evidence that THR programs can considerably improve the social behaviors and communication skills of children with ASD.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Animal Assisted Therapy; Autistic Disorder; Social Behavior; Communication
PubMed: 36361327
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114449 -
Psychiatry Research Aug 2020The consequences of schizophrenia stigma are numerous and highly damaging to individuals, their families, the health care system and society. Mental health professionals... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The consequences of schizophrenia stigma are numerous and highly damaging to individuals, their families, the health care system and society. Mental health professionals (MHP) are considered to be one of the main sources of stigmatization.
OBJECTIVES
To identify the characteristics of MHP stigma in schizophrenia in comparison with other psychiatric disorders, the specificities of MHP compared with other social groups, and associated factors.
METHODS
Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched multiple electronic databases for articles: (i) reporting original data published in English in peer-reviewed journals, (ii) reporting quantitative data with statistical analysis, (iii) assessing stigma in a broad sense, and (iv) including samples composed only of MHP.
RESULTS
A total of 38 articles published from 1999 to 2019 and involving 10,926 MHP fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Studies showed that schizophrenia is the most stigmatized mental illnesses in MHP, despite recent results suggesting that borderline personality disorder and substance abuse may be more stigmatized. In comparison with other social groups, MHP reported less dangerousness beliefs and more positive beliefs regarding pharmacological treatment. Nevertheless, results were less consistent regarding prognosis and desire for social distance. Age, education level, type of mental health profession, or length of practice were associated factors that showed inconsistent relations with stigma. Work setting and biological causal beliefs were more clearly associated with MHP stigma.
CONCLUSION
These findings provide strong support for the need to conduct specific research on schizophrenia stigma in MHP and the importance of controlling for several variables to identify predictors of stigma.
Topics: Adult; Dangerous Behavior; Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Middle Aged; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Social Stigma; Stereotyping
PubMed: 32474069
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113068 -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) Sep 2021Over the past decade, women in Western countries have taken to various social media platforms to share their dissatisfactory experiences with hormonal contraception,... (Review)
Review
Over the past decade, women in Western countries have taken to various social media platforms to share their dissatisfactory experiences with hormonal contraception, which may be pills, patches, rings, injectables, implants or hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs). These online testimonials have been denounced as spreading "hormonophobia", i.e. an excessive fear of hormones based on irrational causes such as an overestimation of health risks associated with their use, that was already aroused by the recurring media controversies over hormonal contraception. In order to move toward a reproductive justice framework, we propose to study the arguments that women and men (as partners of female users) recently put forward against hormonal contraception to see whether they are related to hormonophobia. The aim of this article is to conduct a systematic review of the recent scientific literature in order to construct an evidence-based typology of reasons for rejecting hormonal contraception, in a continuum perspective from complaints to choosing not to use it, cited by women and men in Western countries in a recent time. The published literature was systematically searched using PubMed and the database from the French National Institute for Demographic Studies (Ined). A total of 42 articles were included for full-text analysis. Eight main categories emerged as reasons for rejecting hormonal contraception: problems related to physical side effects; altered mental health; negative impact on sexuality; concerns about future fertility; invocation of nature; concerns about menstruation; fears and anxiety; and the delegitimization of the side effects of hormonal contraceptives. Thus, arguments against hormonal contraception appeared complex and multifactorial. Future research should examine the provider-patient relationship, the gender bias of hormonal contraception and demands for naturalness in order to understand how birth control could better meet the needs and expectations of women and men in Western countries today.
Topics: Contraception; Female; Fertility; Hormonal Contraception; Humans; Male; Sexism; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 34339927
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114247 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Nov 2019Young people frequently make use of the internet as part of their day-to-day activities, and this has extended to their help-seeking behavior. Offline help-seeking is...
BACKGROUND
Young people frequently make use of the internet as part of their day-to-day activities, and this has extended to their help-seeking behavior. Offline help-seeking is known to be impeded by a number of barriers including stigma and a preference for self-reliance. Online help-seeking may offer an additional domain where young people can seek help for mental health difficulties without being encumbered by these same barriers.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this systematic literature review was to examine young peoples' online help-seeking behaviors for mental health concerns. It aimed to summarize young peoples' experiences and identify benefits and limitations of online help-seeking for this age group. It also examined the theoretical perspectives that have been applied to understand online help-seeking.
METHODS
A systematic review of peer-reviewed research papers from the following major electronic databases was conducted: PsycINFO, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Xplore. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. The search was conducted in August 2017. The narrative synthesis approach to reviews was used to analyze the existing evidence to answer the review questions.
RESULTS
Overall, 28 studies were included. The most common method of data collection was through the use of surveys. Study quality was moderate to strong. Text-based query via an internet search engine was the most commonly identified help-seeking approach. Social media, government or charity websites, live chat, instant messaging, and online communities were also used. Key benefits included anonymity and privacy, immediacy, ease of access, inclusivity, the ability to connect with others and share experiences, and a greater sense of control over the help-seeking journey. Online help-seeking has the potential to meet the needs of those with a preference for self-reliance or act as a gateway to further help-seeking. Barriers to help-seeking included a lack of mental health literacy, concerns about privacy and confidentiality, and uncertainty about the trustworthiness of online resources. Until now, there has been limited development and use of theoretical models to guide research on online help-seeking.
CONCLUSIONS
Approaches to improving help-seeking by young people should consider the role of the internet and online resources as an adjunct to offline help-seeking. This review identifies opportunities and challenges in this space. It highlights the limited use of theoretical frameworks to help conceptualize online help-seeking. Self-determination theory and the help-seeking model provide promising starting points for the development of online help-seeking theories. This review discusses the use of these theories to conceptualize online help-seeking and identify key motivations and tensions that may arise when young people seek help online.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Female; Help-Seeking Behavior; Humans; Internet; Male; Mental Health; Qualitative Research; Young Adult
PubMed: 31742562
DOI: 10.2196/13873 -
BMJ Open Sep 2019To investigate the relationship between teamwork and clinical performance and potential moderating variables of this relationship. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the relationship between teamwork and clinical performance and potential moderating variables of this relationship.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCE
PubMed was searched in June 2018 without a limit on the date of publication. Additional literature was selected through a manual backward search of relevant reviews, manual backward and forward search of studies included in the meta-analysis and contacting of selected authors via email.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Studies were included if they reported a relationship between a teamwork process (eg, coordination, non-technical skills) and a performance measure (eg, checklist based expert rating, errors) in an acute care setting.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Moderator variables (ie, professional composition, team familiarity, average team size, task type, patient realism and type of performance measure) were coded and random-effect models were estimated. Two investigators independently extracted information on study characteristics in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
RESULTS
The review identified 2002 articles of which 31 were included in the meta-analysis comprising 1390 teams. The sample-sized weighted mean correlation was 0.28 (corresponding to an OR of 2.8), indicating that teamwork is positively related to performance. The test of moderators was not significant, suggesting that the examined factors did not influence the average effect of teamwork on performance.
CONCLUSION
Teamwork has a medium-sized effect on performance. The analysis of moderators illustrated that teamwork relates to performance regardless of characteristics of the team or task. Therefore, healthcare organisations should recognise the value of teamwork and emphasise approaches that maintain and improve teamwork for the benefit of their patients.
Topics: Checklist; Clinical Competence; Cooperative Behavior; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Patient Care Team
PubMed: 31515415
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028280