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Clinical Rehabilitation Jan 2022This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the effects of strength training program in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy to improve function,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the effects of strength training program in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy to improve function, activity, and participation.
DATA SOURCES
Five electronic databases (MEDLINE-Pubmed, Cochrane Library, PEDro, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched for full-text articles published from inception to 30 June 2021.
REVIEW METHODS
Randomized controlled trials were included, who compared: (i) child population with spastic cerebral palsy population between 0 and 22 years; (ii) studies in which a muscle strength training program was performed and included dosing information; (iii) studies comparing strength training with other physical therapy technique(s) or untreated control group. Studies with similar outcomes were pooled by calculating standardized mean differences. Risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias and PROSPERO's registration number ID: CRD42020193535.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven studies, comprising 847 participants with spastic cerebral palsy. The meta-analyses demonstrated significant standardized mean differences in favor of strength training program compared to other physical therapy technique(s) or untreated control group(s) for muscle strength at the knee flexors, at the knee extensor, at the plantarflexors, maximum resistance, balance, gait speed, GMFM (global, D and E dimension) and spasticity.
CONCLUSION
A strength training program has positive functional and activity effects on muscle strength, balance, gait speed, or gross motor function without increasing spasticity for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I, II, and III when adequate dosage and specific principles are utilized.
Topics: Adolescent; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Humans; Muscle Strength; Muscles; Resistance Training; Walking Speed
PubMed: 34407619
DOI: 10.1177/02692155211040199 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022Rehabilitation is a crucial part of recovery for stroke survivors, and numerous studies have examined various exercises and treatments of stroke. In addition, it is very... (Review)
Review
Rehabilitation is a crucial part of recovery for stroke survivors, and numerous studies have examined various exercises and treatments of stroke. In addition, it is very important for patients to choose the timing of rehabilitation and what kind of rehabilitation they will proceed with. The purpose of the current study is to examine research investigating the effects of rehabilitation exercise programs in recovery of physical function in patients with stroke, based on aspects of their physical function, physical strength, and daily activities, and systematically examine their effects. Therefore, through systematic review, we have investigated the effects of interventions in rehabilitation exercise programs for recovery of physical function in patients with stroke. We collected relevant publications through the databases MEDLINE/PubMed and Google scholar. Twenty-one articles were ultimately selected for the analysis. We classified the rehabilitation programs and identified the trends of treatment for stroke survivors. Our review indicated that task-oriented therapy is still dominant, but various types of combined rehabilitations have been attempted. In addition, it was identified that physical and active rehabilitation were required rather than unconditional rest, even at an early stage. Home-based treatment was used for rapid recovery and adaptation to daily life during the mid-term period.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation
PubMed: 36232038
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912739 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Jan 2022Numerous wrist-wearable devices to measure physical activity are currently available, but there is a need to unify the evidence on how they compare in terms of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Numerous wrist-wearable devices to measure physical activity are currently available, but there is a need to unify the evidence on how they compare in terms of acceptability and accuracy.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review of the literature to assess the accuracy and acceptability (willingness to use the device for the task it is designed to support) of wrist-wearable activity trackers.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SPORTDiscus for studies measuring physical activity in the general population using wrist-wearable activity trackers. We screened articles for inclusion and, for the included studies, reported data on the studies' setting and population, outcome measured, and risk of bias.
RESULTS
A total of 65 articles were included in our review. Accuracy was assessed for 14 different outcomes, which can be classified in the following categories: count of specific activities (including step counts), time spent being active, intensity of physical activity (including energy expenditure), heart rate, distance, and speed. Substantial clinical heterogeneity did not allow us to perform a meta-analysis of the results. The outcomes assessed most frequently were step counts, heart rate, and energy expenditure. For step counts, the Fitbit Charge (or the Fitbit Charge HR) had a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) <25% across 20 studies. For heart rate, the Apple Watch had a MAPE <10% in 2 studies. For energy expenditure, the MAPE was >30% for all the brands, showing poor accuracy across devices. Acceptability was most frequently measured through data availability and wearing time. Data availability was ≥75% for the Fitbit Charge HR, Fitbit Flex 2, and Garmin Vivofit. The wearing time was 89% for both the GENEActiv and Nike FuelBand.
CONCLUSIONS
The Fitbit Charge and Fitbit Charge HR were consistently shown to have a good accuracy for step counts and the Apple Watch for measuring heart rate. None of the tested devices proved to be accurate in measuring energy expenditure. Efforts should be made to reduce the heterogeneity among studies.
Topics: Exercise; Fitness Trackers; Heart Rate; Humans; Wearable Electronic Devices; Wrist
PubMed: 35060915
DOI: 10.2196/30791 -
PloS One 2020The main purpose of this review was to systematically analyze the literature concerning studies which have investigated muscle activation when performing the Deadlift...
The main purpose of this review was to systematically analyze the literature concerning studies which have investigated muscle activation when performing the Deadlift exercise and its variants. This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Statement (PRISMA). Original studies from inception until March 2019 were sourced from four electronic databases including PubMed, OVID, Scopus and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) a cross-sectional or longitudinal study design; (b) evaluation of neuromuscular activation during Deadlift exercise or variants; (c) inclusion of healthy and trained participants, with no injury issues at least for six months before measurements; and (d) analyzed "sEMG amplitude", "muscle activation" or "muscular activity" with surface electromyography (sEMG) devices. Major findings indicate that the biceps femoris is the most studied muscle, followed by gluteus maximus, vastus lateralis and erector spinae. Erector spinae and quadriceps muscles reported greater activation than gluteus maximus and biceps femoris muscles during Deadlift exercise and its variants. However, the Romanian Deadlift is associated with lower activation for erector spinae than for biceps femoris and semitendinosus. Deadlift also showed greater activation of the quadriceps muscles than the gluteus maximus and hamstring muscles. In general, semitendinosus muscle activation predominates over that of biceps femoris within hamstring muscles complex. In conclusion 1) Biceps femoris is the most evaluated muscle, followed by gluteus maximus, vastus lateralis and erector spinae during Deadlift exercises; 2) Erector spinae and quadriceps muscles are more activated than gluteus maximus and biceps femoris muscles within Deadlift exercises; 3) Within the hamstring muscles complex, semitendinosus elicits slightly greater muscle activation than biceps femoris during Deadlift exercises; and 4) A unified criterion upon methodology is necessary in order to report reliable outcomes when using surface electromyography recordings.
Topics: Electromyography; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Resistance Training
PubMed: 32107499
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229507 -
Nutrients Sep 2022Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are oxidized in the muscle and result in stimulating anabolic signals-which in return may optimize performance, body composition and... (Review)
Review
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are oxidized in the muscle and result in stimulating anabolic signals-which in return may optimize performance, body composition and recovery. Meanwhile, among athletes, the evidence about BCAA supplementation is not clear. The aim of this study was to review the effects of BCAAs in athletic populations. The research was conducted in three databases: Web of Science (all databases), PubMed and Scopus. The inclusion criteria involved participants classified both as athletes and people who train regularly, and who were orally supplemented with BCAAs. The risk of bias was individually assessed for each study using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0). From the 2298 records found, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Although BCAAs tended to activate anabolic signals, the benefits on performance and body composition were negligible. On the other hand, studies that included resistance participants showed that BCAAs attenuated muscle soreness after exercise, while in endurance sports the findings were inconsistent. The protocols of BCAA supplements differed considerably between studies. Moreover, most of the studies did not report the total protein intake across the day and, consequently, the benefits of BCAAs should be interpreted with caution.
Topics: Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Athletes; Dietary Supplements; Exercise; Humans; Myalgia
PubMed: 36235655
DOI: 10.3390/nu14194002 -
Aging Apr 2020We aimed to investigate the association between physical activity and successful aging among middle-aged and older adults and study how this association changes with age... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
We aimed to investigate the association between physical activity and successful aging among middle-aged and older adults and study how this association changes with age and time.
RESULTS
The mean score of Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessment was 8.0±0.8. Physically active middle-aged and older adults were more likely to age successfully than sedentary adults (OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.40-1.94). The effect of physical activity was stronger in the younger group (OR=1.71, 95%CI: 1.41-2.08) than on the older group (OR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.13-2.08). However, the protective effect of physical activity reduced annually by approximately 3%.
CONCLUSIONS
Physical activity promotes successful aging among middle-aged and older adults especially in the younger population. Being physically active at middle and old age is beneficial to successful aging.
METHODS
We searched for the relevant studies in three online databases: Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase. Fifteen community-based cohort studies were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessment Form was used for quality assessment. Overall, 189,192 participants aged 43.9-79.0 years were analyzed. The odds ratio for successful aging of the most physically active group compared with sedentary group was analyzed. Subgroup analysis was conducted by age group. Univariate Meta-regression was performed according to follow-up years.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aging; Exercise; Humans; Middle Aged
PubMed: 32350152
DOI: 10.18632/aging.103057 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2020The aim of this study was to systematically review the current literature on the electromyographic (EMG) activity of six core muscles (the rectus abdominis, the internal...
The aim of this study was to systematically review the current literature on the electromyographic (EMG) activity of six core muscles (the rectus abdominis, the internal and external oblique, the transversus abdominis, the lumbar multifidus, and the erector spinae) during core physical fitness exercises in healthy adults. A systematic review of the literature was conducted on the Cochrane, EBSCO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases for studies from January 2012 to March 2020. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used. The inclusion criteria were as follows: a) the full text available in English; b) a cross-sectional or longitudinal (experimental or cohorts) study design; c) the reporting of electromyographic activity as a percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (% MVIC), millivolts or microvolts; d) an analysis of the rectus abdominis (RA), transversus abdominis (TA), lumbar multifidus (MUL), erector spinae (ES), and the internal (IO) or external oblique (EO); e) an analysis of physical fitness exercises for core training; and f) healthy adult participants. The main findings indicate that the greatest activity of the RA, EO, and ES muscles was found in free-weight exercises. The greatest IO activity was observed in core stability exercises, while traditional exercises showed the greatest MUL activation. However, a lack of research regarding TA activation during core physical fitness exercises was revealed, in addition to a lack of consistency between the studies when applying methods to measure EMG activity.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Electromyography; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Physical Fitness
PubMed: 32560185
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124306 -
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Mar 2023Early mobilization is defined as out-of-bed activities in acute stroke phase, and has led to improvements in functional capacity and reduction of complications after...
BACKGROUND
Early mobilization is defined as out-of-bed activities in acute stroke phase, and has led to improvements in functional capacity and reduction of complications after stroke.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of early mobilization in the acute stroke phase.
METHODS
This was a systematic review. We searched for studies with the keywords: "Stroke," "Early mobilization" and "Functional outcomes." Data source: NLM, LILACS, MEDLINE, PEDro, and Science Direct. Studies published up to June 2020 were included; (b) study eligibility criteria: clinical trials; (c) participants: stroke patients in the acute phase; (d) interventions: early mobilization; (e) study appraisal: two authors independently assessed the risk of bias, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, and the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence. The safety was evaluated based on related and non-related adverse effects.
RESULTS
Altogether, 476 studies were retrieved. After exclusion, seven studies involving 8663 patients were included in the qualitative synthesis. The main activities were elevation of the headboard, sitting, standing, and walking. The most important outcome assessed was the modified Rankin scale score (disability) after 3 months of stroke, and two studies showed that early mobilization improves functional capacity after stroke.
CONCLUSION
the optimal time to start early mobilization is > 24 h of stroke according to hemodynamic stability and safety criteria. The duration of mobilization is recommended between 15 and 45 minutes, divided into one, two, or three times a day. The focus of early mobilization should be on sitting, standing, and walking activity.
Topics: Humans; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation; Walking; Time Factors
PubMed: 34927568
DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2021.2008595 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2021The aim of the study was to systematically evaluate the biceps femoris long head activation across cross-sectional hamstring strength exercise studies. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The aim of the study was to systematically evaluate the biceps femoris long head activation across cross-sectional hamstring strength exercise studies.
METHODS
A systematic review design was followed. The search strategy conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Sciences databases found a total of 3643 studies. Once inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 29 studies were finally included in this systematic review. A total of 507 participants and 114 different exercises were analyzed. Exercises were evaluated individually and grouped into several categories: Nordics, isokinetic exercises, lunges, squats, deadlifts, good mornings, hip thrusts, bridges, leg curls, swings, hip and back extensions, and others.
RESULTS
Results showed the isokinetic and Nordic exercises as the categories with highest biceps femoris activation (>60% of Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction). Nordic hamstring exercise ankle dorsiflexion was the exercise that achieved the highest biceps femoris long head activation (128.1% of its Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction).
CONCLUSIONS
The results from this systematic review suggest that isokinetic and Nordic exercises seem to be the best option to activate biceps femoris long head. Future studies evaluating the implementation of these exercises in prevention programs are needed.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Electromyography; Exercise; Hamstring Muscles; Humans; Isometric Contraction
PubMed: 34444481
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168733 -
BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care Mar 2022Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for approximately 90% of diabetes cases globally. Regular physical activity is regarded as one of the key components in T2DM... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Effect of resistance training on HbA1c in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the moderating effect of changes in muscular strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for approximately 90% of diabetes cases globally. Regular physical activity is regarded as one of the key components in T2DM management. Aerobic exercise was traditionally recommended; however, there is a growing body of research examining the independent effect of resistance training (RT) on glycemic control. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to conduct an update on the effects of RT on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in adults with T2DM and examine the moderating effects of training effect (ie, muscular strength improvements), risk of bias and intervention duration. Peer-reviewed articles published in English were searched across MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and SPORTDiscus from database inception until January 19, 2021. Each online database was systematically searched for randomized controlled trials reporting on the effects of RT on HbA1c in individuals with T2DM. Twenty studies (n=1172) were included in the meta-analysis. RT significantly reduced HbA1c compared with controls (weighted mean difference=-0.39, 95% CI -0.60 to -0.18, p<0.001, I=69.20). Training effect significantly (p<0.05) moderated the results, with larger improvements in muscular strength leading to greater reductions in HbA1c (β=-0.99, CI -1.97 to -0.01). Intervention duration and risk of bias did not significantly moderate the effects. As a secondary analysis, this study found no significant differences in HbA1c when comparing RT and aerobic training (p=0.42). This study demonstrates that RT is an effective strategy to decrease HbA1c in individuals with T2DM. Importantly, RT interventions that had a larger training effect appeared more effective in reducing HbA1c, compared with interventions producing medium and small effects. CRD42020134046.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Resistance Training
PubMed: 35273011
DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002595