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Thrombosis Research Mar 2020Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are now the first choice thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients who do not have a high risk of bleeding. In addition to the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are now the first choice thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients who do not have a high risk of bleeding. In addition to the anticoagulant effects, potential anti-tumor effects of DOACs have also been studied in animal cancer models. In this study, we summarize the effects of DOACs on cancer growth and metastasis in animal models through a systematic review with a qualitative analysis.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were systematically searched for original studies that describe animal models of cancer in which one of the experimental groups received DOAC monotherapy, and which reported quantitatively on primary tumor or metastases.
RESULTS
Nine studies - reporting a total of 19 animal experiments - met the inclusion criteria. These 19 experiments included spontaneous cancer (n = 2), carcinogenicity (n = 2), xenograft (n = 7) and syngeneic (n = 8) models, encompassing orthotopic (n = 7), subcutaneous (n = 5), intraperitoneal (n = 1) and intravenous (n = 2) injection of cancer cells and included treatments with the DOACs ximelagatran (n = 4), dabigatran etexilate (n = 6) and/or rivaroxaban (n = 11). DOAC treatment decreased tumor growth at implanted and metastatic site in 18.8% (3/16) and 20.0% (3/15) of the experiments, respectively. Conversely, DOACs increased tumor growth at implanted and metastatic site in 6.3% (1/16) and 20.0% (3/15) of the experiments, respectively.
CONCLUSION
DOAC monotherapy resulted in neoplastic changes in a rat carcinogenicity study, showed a lack of effect in mouse xenograft models, while the effect on cancer growth and metastasis in mouse syngeneic models depended on the timing of DOAC treatment and type of cancer model used.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anticoagulants; Antithrombins; Dabigatran; Humans; Mice; Models, Animal; Neoplasms; Pyrazoles; Pyridones; Rats; Rivaroxaban; Venous Thromboembolism
PubMed: 31945588
DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.12.022 -
NPJ Regenerative Medicine Oct 2021Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are widely used in preclinical models of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Results are promising in terms of neurological improvement but...
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are widely used in preclinical models of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Results are promising in terms of neurological improvement but are hampered by wide variability in treatment responses. We made a systematic review and meta-analysis: (1) to assess the quality of evidence for MSC treatment in TBI rodent models; (2) to determine the effect size of MSCs on sensorimotor function, cognitive function, and anatomical damage; (3) to identify MSC-related and protocol-related variables associated with greater efficacy; (4) to understand whether MSC manipulations boost therapeutic efficacy. The meta-analysis included 80 studies. After TBI, MSCs improved sensorimotor and cognitive deficits and reduced anatomical damage. Stratified meta-analysis on sensorimotor outcome showed similar efficacy for different MSC sources and for syngeneic or xenogenic transplants. Efficacy was greater when MSCs were delivered in the first-week post-injury, and when implanted directly into the lesion cavity. The greatest effect size was for cells embedded in matrices or for MSC-derivatives. MSC therapy is effective in preclinical TBI models, improving sensorimotor, cognitive, and anatomical outcomes, with large effect sizes. These findings support clinical studies in TBI.
PubMed: 34716332
DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00182-8 -
Current Reviews in Clinical and... Apr 2024The use of appropriate animal models for cancer studies is a major challenge, particularly for investigators who lack the resources to maintain and use xenograft animals...
Cell-Derived Allograft Models as a Solution to the Obstacles of Preclinical Studies under Limited Resources: A Systematic Review on Experimental Lung Cancer Animal Models.
BACKGROUND
The use of appropriate animal models for cancer studies is a major challenge, particularly for investigators who lack the resources to maintain and use xenograft animals or genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM). In addition, several countries intending to incorporate these models must conduct importation procedures, posing an additional challenge.
OBJECTIVE
This review aimed to explore the use of cell-derived allograft or syngeneic models under limited resources. The results can be used by investigators, specifically from low-middle-income countries, to contribute to lung cancer eradication.
METHOD
A literature search was carried out on various databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. In addition, the publication year of the selected articles was set between 2013 and 2023 with different search components (SC), namely lung cancer (SC1), animal models (SC2), and preclinical studies (SC3).
RESULTS
This systematic review focused on selecting animals, cells, and methods that could be applied to generating allograft-type lung cancer animal models from 101 included articles.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results, the use of cell-derived allograft models in cancer studies is feasible and relevant, and it provides valuable insights regarding the conditions with limited resources.
PubMed: 38659262
DOI: 10.2174/0127724328295592240419064719